IATSS Research最新文献

{"title":"Predicting higher-risk crash factors and patterns using machine learning-association rule mining","authors":"Emmanel Kofi Gbey ,&nbsp;Charles Atombo ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Kofi Adanu ,&nbsp;William Agyemang","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Road traffic crashes remain a significant global public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where fatalities and injuries disproportionately affect vulnerable road users. Despite efforts to improve road safety, crash severity levels are conventionally classified based on observable injury and fatality outcomes. This outcome-based approach oversimplifies the complexity of crash risk by ignoring latent hazards embedded in severity-based categories for non-fatal or minor crashes. This study addresses this gap by integrating Machine Learning (ML) and Association Rule Mining (ARM) to predict high-risk crashes and identify crash patterns respectively. Using nine years of historical crash data (2013−2021) from Ghana, the study employed Logistic Regression, Random Forest (RF), and XGBoost for high-risk crash prediction, followed by ARM to identify hidden patterns. RF outperformed the other models, achieving 71.4 % accuracy and a 90.3 % ROC AUC. The identified high-risk crashes depicted a mismatch between crashes classified as high severity and crashes identified as high-risk crashes. Crashes termed low severity dominated the set of crashes classified by the RF model as high-risk crashes. ARM revealed significant hidden patterns, such as rear-end collisions at signalized intersections and road width and non-impaired driving co-occur crashes under optimal environmental and behavioural driving conditions. The study demonstrates the value of combining ML and ARM for actionable insights. The findings emphasize that infrastructural design and driver behaviour both play important roles in high-risk crash outcomes, suggesting a need for holistic road safety strategies, including infrastructure redesign, enhanced traffic control measures, and public awareness campaigns to mitigate complacency in ideal driving conditions. Policymakers and traffic engineers are urged to adopt context-sensitive designs and prioritize non-junction segments, where road width significantly impacts crash risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 4","pages":"Pages 565-579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145624048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender and driving safety in Saudi Arabia: Challenging stereotypes with simulator evidence","authors":"Khurram Shahid Minhas,&nbsp;M.A. Dalhat,&nbsp;Abdulhamid Al-mojil","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Females were granted the right to drive on public roads in Saudi Arabia (SA) in 2018. The country is undergoing significant policy transformation to promote inclusion, equity, and diversity. However, cultural perceptions and traditional misconceptions on female driving performance are still not fully addressed by scientific research.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>This driving simulator study involved a total of 100 participants, comprising 60 males and 40 females from Dammam, SA. It examines the influence of gender on crash frequency, violation patterns, and reaction times, while also assessing the impact of weather conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings indicate that male drivers exhibited slightly higher average crash frequency and loss of control incidents compared to female drivers, although females committed more stop-sign violations. Males also engaged in more aggressive maneuvers, such as sudden lane changes (0.70 vs. 0.28). Despite a longer average reaction time among female drivers (2.04 s vs. 1.80s, <em>p</em> = 0.032), gender was not a significant predictor of crash likelihood (<em>p</em> = 0.337). Instead, weather conditions emerged as a key factor, with rainy conditions significantly increasing crash rates and loss of control incidents.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>While reaction time was associated with crash frequency, the study found no statistical evidence that gender independently influenced crash risk. These findings challenge traditional stereotypes regarding female driving performance in SA. Findings also show that female drivers are equally, if not more, capable than their male counterparts in many aspects of driving behavior.</div></div><div><h3>Practical application</h3><div>The research findings can serve as a reference to policymakers, traffic safety authorities, and licensing bodies toward promoting a gender-neutral approach in driver licensing and training programs. The results also support public awareness efforts aimed at reducing societal stigma by shifting the narrative from gender-based assumptions to evidence-based assessments of driving ability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 4","pages":"Pages 544-554"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety performance assessment of new AEB and AES for car-to-VRU collisions","authors":"Jordanka Kovaceva ,&nbsp;Carol Flannagan ,&nbsp;Peter Wimmer ,&nbsp;Christian Löffler ,&nbsp;Timm Gloger","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While overall crash statistics have been declining, collisions involving cyclists and pedestrians have not decreased at the same rate, particularly in urban areas. To enhance the safety of these vulnerable road users (VRUs), advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) are being developed and introduced to the market. These systems aim to prevent or mitigate crashes by alerting drivers in critical situations and, if necessary, automatically applying braking or steering interventions.</div><div>This study evaluates the effectiveness of a new autonomous emergency braking and steering (AEB + S) system in reducing fatalities and serious injuries in car-to-VRU collisions on urban roads across Europe. A prospective safety performance assessment was conducted using virtual simulations.</div><div>The results indicate that AEB alone already prevents most crashes and VRU fatalities and serious injuries in urban VRU-crossing scenarios. The additional safety benefit of AEB + S compared to the baseline AEB system is relatively small—less than 1 % for VRU-crossing crash cases. However, AEB + S proves advantageous in scenarios where the VRU becomes visible too late for AEB alone to act, and an in-lane avoidance manoeuvre is feasible.</div><div>These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and regulatory bodies in assessing the real-world benefits of emerging ADAS technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 4","pages":"Pages 470-480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling injury severity in HAZMAT truck-involved crashes: Accounting for heterogeneity in a developing country","authors":"Ehsan Jafari Nasab ,&nbsp;Abdoreza Sheikholeslami ,&nbsp;Jose Manuel Vassallo ,&nbsp;Amin Moeinaddini","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the types of crashes that has a high fatality rate is the Hazardous Material (HAZMAT) truck-involved crashes. Investigating the factors affecting the severity of HAZMAT truck-involved crashes can assist authorities in making more accurate evaluations of policies to increase road safety and reduce the injury severity of crashes involving these vehicles. In this study, the main goal is to investigate the factors that affect the severity of HAZMAT truck-involved crashes. Considering the heterogeneity of the injury severity of crashes can provide a more accurate assessment of the factors involved in those crashes. In this regard, by using the data of 482 HAZMAT truck-involved crashes in Iran and also by using a Random Parameter Ordered Logit (RPOL) model, the factors affecting the injury severity of those vehicle crashes and systematic and random heterogeneity have been investigated. According to the results of the model, crashes with multiple vehicles involved have a significant effect on the increasing the severity of HAZMAT truck-involved crashes. Furthermore, the presence of public vehicles in HAZMAT truck-involved crashes, and the driver's risk-taking in driving at high speed based on driving records has a significant effect on the decreasing severity of crashes. In addition, the results showed that there is an interaction effect between the variables of vehicle age and upside-down crashes on increasing the injury severity of the crashes. On the other hand, the results indicate that there is an interaction effect between the variables of front-to-front, front-to-back, and low heavy truck traffic on the road with the variable of the crash caused by HAZMAT truck on increasing the injury severity of the crashes. The results of the study confirm that there is random heterogeneity based on the normal distribution function for the mean of injury severity of HAZMAT truck-involved crashes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 4","pages":"Pages 593-602"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topological analysis and prediction of pedestrian crash location distribution in an urban district","authors":"Lorenzo Mussone ,&nbsp;Roberto Notari","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study addresses the well-known and critical issue of pedestrian-related collisions. An innovative methodology is applied to an urban area, the Città Studi district in Milan, Italy, which has considerable foot traffic, with the aim of pinpointing the highest risk places. A key ingredient of the proposed methodology is the 2017–2021 crash dataset gathered by the local municipality police. After transforming the road network of the district into a simple graph, we convert crashes into edge and node weights. Three centrality indices, Betweenness, Closeness, and a novel one, Icentr, are used to the resulting weighted network to determine the relevance of each node from a spatial interconnection standpoint. The results reveal that these weights influence the importance of nodes in terms of the topological structure. To counteract the over-dispersed distributions of crashes across the network, the index values are clustered to determine which nodes should be aggregated. A probability density function (pdf) of crash occurrence is created from the new distribution by adding the index values for each cluster over four years. This pdf is then used to retrieve predicted crash data of one year at random. By comparing the data, edge-weighted Icentr outperforms the other centrality indices in predicting crashes in the fifth year.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 4","pages":"Pages 437-447"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145278061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk perception of car drivers toward E-scooters and bicycles","authors":"Weiyi Li ,&nbsp;Miho Iryo-Asano ,&nbsp;Wael K.M. Alhajyaseen","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing adoption of electric scooters (ESs) presents opportunities and challenges for urban transportation systems. ESs face unique integration challenges in Japan owing to the lack of bicycle infrastructure and recent regulatory shifts. Consequently, understanding how surrounding car drivers perceive ES risks in the current road environment is crucial for improving road safety. This study employed a web-based questionnaire survey targeting car drivers who regularly encountered ESs at least once a week. We analyzed the perceived level of danger and the frequency of hazardous behaviors associated with ES riders and cyclists. The results indicate that drivers perceive ES-related behaviors as significantly more dangerous than bicycle-related behaviors, despite observing the former less frequently. Age, risk experience, usage experience, and road geometry have been found to influence the perceived level of danger of hazardous behaviors. Car drivers perceive traffic violations by cyclists and ES riders at high frequencies and danger levels. Compared to drivers unfamiliar with using ESs, those familiar with using ESs perceive behaviors related to operational instability from ES riders more frequently—a pattern not observed for bicycles. Infrastructure plays a critical role in reducing the perceived level of danger: dedicated lanes and arrow markings on shared lanes reduce the perceived danger for both modes. This study contributes to identifying factors influencing risk perception among surrounding car drivers in the early stages of the spread of new mobility, when adoption is not yet sufficient and actual user maneuver surveys are difficult to conduct efficiently. Combining the factors identified in this study with future objective evaluations leads to the development of effective countermeasures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 4","pages":"Pages 555-564"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender differences in drivers' road risks and gender equality policies: A gender paradox? Comparative analysis of 39 countries","authors":"Marie-Axelle Granié ,&nbsp;Julie Devif ,&nbsp;Nathalie Moreau ,&nbsp;Shirley Delannoy","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gender is an acknowledge factor in road traffic fatalities, with men far more likely to die in road traffic crashes than women. This study aims to determine whether gender differences in drivers' self-reported risk behaviours and psychosocial factors vary by country's gender equality policies. Using the third edition of the <em>E</em>-Survey of Road users' Attitudes database, we analysed gender differences in the behaviour and attitudes of 16,031 frequent drivers (54.46 % men) surveyed via an online questionnaire in 39 countries. We characterised these countries according to their level on the World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Index and its four sub-indices (economic, education, health and political). We analysed differences by driver gender, levels of the gender gap indices and their interactions, on reported behaviour, social and personal acceptability, self-efficacy, risk perception, support for road safety policies and perceived deterrence, controlling for driver age and country income level. The results show that men drivers tend to have riskier behaviours, attitudes and perceptions than women drivers, regardless of the level of gender equality in the countries studied. They also show that gender equality policies seem to increase the risky behaviours and attitudes of men and women drivers in the sample. Furthermore, greater gender policies do not appear to reduce gender differences in these psychological constructs. In particular, high levels of equality in the economic, educational and health seems to reinforce gender differences in attitudes and perceptions related to risky driving behaviour. We discuss this gender paradox as a result of the essentialisation of gender stereotypes and the impact of safety culture on men and women. These findings may be useful, particularly in a safe system approach to road safety, for better framing road safety campaigns and education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 291-304"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collection duration of driving tracking data of older drivers","authors":"Misako Yamagishi","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driving tracking, or the observation of actual and naturalistic driving, is an effective approach for understanding and assessing the driving behaviors of older drivers. However, limited information is available regarding the effects of data collection duration on the characteristics of driving behavior. This study examined how different data collection durations (2 weeks and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months) influence older drivers' long-term driving behavior, specifically rapid deceleration events (RDEs). Analysis of the varying durations revealed common tendencies related to low-mileage bias (LMB) as well as differences in the likelihood of RDE occurrence. These factors were incorporated into predictive models, with values estimated using negative binomial regression across the different data collection durations. The results indicated that the characteristics of driving behavior differ between short-term (2 weeks and 1 month) and long-term (3, 6, and 12 months) data collection. Finally, this study provides insights into establishing a methodology for tracking driving behavior in older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 410-417"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring cross-national variations in traffic safety culture: Insights into mobile phone use and shared beliefs across 31 countries","authors":"Uta Meesmann ,&nbsp;Carlos Pires ,&nbsp;Naomi Wardenier ,&nbsp;Mario Cools","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates cross-national differences in <em>Traffic Safety Culture</em> (TSC) by examining self-reported mobile phone use while driving across 31 countries. Using data from the third edition of the E-Survey of Road Users' Attitudes (ESRA3), collected in 2023, this research explores how socio-cognitive constructs, including <em>norms</em>, <em>perceived behavioural control</em> (PBC), <em>attitude</em>, and <em>intention,</em> influence drivers' mobile phone use while driving. Linear regression models are applied at both cross-national and national levels to understand the predictive strength of these constructs. Results indicate that socio-cognitive beliefs significantly explain variations in self-reported mobile phone use while driving, accounting for 37–63 % of the observed variance. <em>Norms</em> emerge as the strongest predictor, followed by <em>PBC</em>, <em>attitude</em>, and <em>intention</em>, with substantial differences in effect size across countries. These findings underscore the role of cultural and psychological factors in shaping unsafe driving behaviours, offering insights for tailored interventions that address specific socio-cognitive aspects of high-risk drivers, which can be used to design road safety campaigns or education programs more effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 399-409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring road safety performance and culture: A comparative study of 39 countries","authors":"Carlos Pires ,&nbsp;Uta Meesmann ,&nbsp;Alain Areal ,&nbsp;Naomi Wardenier ,&nbsp;Marie-Axelle Granié ,&nbsp;Gerald Furian ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Nikolaou ,&nbsp;Dagmara Jankowska-Karpa ,&nbsp;Craig Lyon ,&nbsp;Mette Møller ,&nbsp;Fabian Surges ,&nbsp;Hideki Nakamura ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Stelling","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring of road safety performance is essential to effectively address the global road safety problem. Consistent and accurate monitoring allows policymakers to assess the effectiveness of current safety measures, identify emerging risk factors, and develop targeted interventions. Different key performance indicators can be used to monitor road safety performance. In addition to the traditional road safety indicators based on the number of fatalities or injured people in road traffic crashes, complementary road safety performance indicators can be used in relation to vehicles, infrastructure or road users' behaviour.</div><div>The <em>E</em>-Survey of Road Users' Attitudes (ESRA) is an online survey that aims to collect and analyse comparable data on road safety performance and traffic safety culture across the world. In its three editions (from 2015 to 2023) ESRA has included data from more than 120,000 road users from a total of 68 different countries. This paper focuses on data from the third edition of the ESRA survey (ESRA3), which was conducted in 2023 across 39 countries and includes answers from over 37,000 road users. The objectives are to provide an overview of the ESRA3 survey methodology and to present results related to several road safety topics, such as drink-driving, speeding, or distraction, across different types of road users: car drivers, pedestrians, cyclists, and moped riders/motorcyclists. It examines multiple dimensions of risky behaviours in traffic, including self-declared behaviours, personal acceptability of unsafe behaviours, and support for policy measures.</div><div>Results show low acceptability of unsafe traffic behaviours like speeding, drink-driving, fatigued driving or using a mobile phone while driving a car – less than 5 % of respondents considered these behaviours acceptable. Notwithstanding the low acceptability, a high percentage of car drivers declared engaging in risky behaviours in traffic: speeding within built-up areas was declared by 37 % to 47 % of car drivers, using a mobile phone by 22 % to 32 %, fatigued driving by 18 % to 20 %, and driving under the influence of alcohol by 10 % to 14 %. As for vulnerable road users, distraction (reading messages/checking social media or listening to music through headphones) was the most declared risky behaviour by pedestrians, the non-use of helmet the most declared by cyclists, and speeding the most declared by moped riders and motorcyclists. Most respondents support policy measures to restrict risky behaviour.</div><div>The ESRA survey offers a unique database and provides policy makers and researchers with valuable insights into public perception of road safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 3","pages":"Pages 335-352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}