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Procreative Obligations and the Directed Duty of Care 生育义务和定向照管责任
IF 0.7 2区 哲学
Journal of Applied Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-08-11 DOI: 10.1111/japp.12755
Reuven Brandt
{"title":"Procreative Obligations and the Directed Duty of Care","authors":"Reuven Brandt","doi":"10.1111/japp.12755","DOIUrl":"10.1111/japp.12755","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is much dispute about what we owe the children we are responsible for creating. Some argue that so long as we provide offspring with lives worth living we do no wrong. Others argue that our procreative obligations are weightier and oblige us to provide (or attempt to provide) our offspring with a reasonable opportunity to thrive, or meet some other standard beyond merely providing a life worth living. Our practices and intuitions on this matter are inconsistent. For example, gamete donors who intentionally participate in the project of creating a child are thought to have few obligations to their offspring, but those who create a child accidentally are thought to have weighty obligations. Furthermore, a justification for why we are obliged to provide offspring with more than a life worth living has been elusive. To resolve this puzzle I argue that an under-theorized element of morality, the directed duty of care, explains why we owe our offspring more than a life worth living.</p>","PeriodicalId":47057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Philosophy","volume":"41 5","pages":"785-803"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/japp.12755","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the Morality of Enjoying Simulated Rape with Robots and by Other Fictional Means 论通过机器人和其他虚构手段享受模拟强奸的道德性
IF 1.1 2区 哲学
Journal of Applied Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1111/japp.12751
Garry Young
{"title":"On the Morality of Enjoying Simulated Rape with Robots and by Other Fictional Means","authors":"Garry Young","doi":"10.1111/japp.12751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/japp.12751","url":null,"abstract":"I argue that there is no morally relevant difference, based solely on motivation for enjoyment, between enjoying simulated rape with a sexbot compared to other media. In defence of this claim, I distinguish between two types of enjoyment – enjoyment <jats:italic>qua</jats:italic> simulation and enjoyment <jats:italic>qua</jats:italic> substitution – and further claim that each type of enjoyment shares corresponding similarities with either idle or surrogate fantasies. Given this, the enjoyment of one's rape fantasy is, I contend, immoral if one enjoys <jats:italic>qua</jats:italic> substitution one's surrogate fantasy about (for example) sexualized enslavement and rape, but not if one enjoys <jats:italic>qua</jats:italic> simulation one's idle fantasy about the same sexualized enslavement and rape. I therefore conclude that whether one's <jats:italic>enjoyment</jats:italic> is immoral depends on the motivation for the enjoyment and the type of fantasy one creates to procure it (where the motivation for enjoyment and fantasy share the same desire), and not the media used to facilitate one's fantasy and subsequent enjoyment.","PeriodicalId":47057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Philosophy","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141943782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thoughtfulness and the Rule of Law. J. Waldron, 2023. Cambridge, Harvard University Press. 336 pp, $49.00 (hb) 深思熟虑与法治。J.Waldron，2023 年。剑桥，哈佛大学出版社。336 pp, $49.00 (hb)
IF 0.7 2区 哲学
Journal of Applied Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1111/japp.12754
Eric Scarffe
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引用次数: 0
Respect and Asylum 尊重与庇护
IF 0.7 2区 哲学
Journal of Applied Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1111/japp.12750
Rebecca Buxton
{"title":"Respect and Asylum","authors":"Rebecca Buxton","doi":"10.1111/japp.12750","DOIUrl":"10.1111/japp.12750","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Asylum seekers are rarely treated with respect. This is perhaps especially true of institutions that adjudicate the extension of refugee status. In asylum interviews, those seeking refuge are sometimes asked to reveal deeply upsetting stories of their persecution while facing hostility and distrust from their interviewers. I argue that this arises from a failure to properly balance respect with fairness. A maximally fair scheme may not promote respect because ‘fairness-first’ systems require extensive information to make their judgements. A maximally respectful system might be unfair: without any questioning, some may free-ride on the trust of others. This article argues that we often place too much emphasis on fairness to the detriment of respect, with a particular focus on the asylum interview. First, I outline the limited discussion of asylum interviews in political philosophy. Second, I consider striking a ‘dynamic balance’ between fairness and respect, as set out by Jonathan Wolff. Third, I argue that a highly idealised version of contemporary asylum interviews puts fairness first at the cost of respect. This fairness-first model leads to respect deficits in how asylum seekers are treated. Finally, I consider what a respectful asylum determination system might look like, offering three possible routes: civility, humility, and abolition.</p>","PeriodicalId":47057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Philosophy","volume":"41 5","pages":"909-924"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/japp.12750","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141515611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polyamory in Black: A Companion Justification for Minimal Marriage 黑色多角恋最低限度婚姻的配套理由
IF 1.1 2区 哲学
Journal of Applied Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1111/japp.12749
Justin L. Clardy
{"title":"Polyamory in Black: A Companion Justification for Minimal Marriage","authors":"Justin L. Clardy","doi":"10.1111/japp.12749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/japp.12749","url":null,"abstract":"A number of Black writers have cast Black marriage in a state of emergency – Black folks are not getting (or staying) married like they used to. Yet in seeking to address the Black marriage problem many have left marriage's ‘monogamous‐only’ condition unexamined. In this article, I take a different approach. I draw on a long‐standing prevalence of <jats:italic>de facto</jats:italic> non‐monogamy among those marked Black and argue that the numerical constraint making marriage between two people violates equal treatment. To make the case, I show how anti‐non‐monogamy attitudes have been racialized in ways that are expressive of anti‐Blackness. In my view, the effects of this racialization include ongoing and disproportionate impacts on an already burdened group – Black polyamorists. A failure to reform the monogamous‐only condition of marriage tacitly endorses anti‐non‐monogamous attitudes of the past where Black intimate relationships were thought inferior and therefore deserving of an inferior social standing. Finally, I look to an account of minimal marriage as a site of possibility for establishing a marriage institution that is more just in relation to equal treatment and a site of repair for racialized non‐monogamists whose historical denial to accessing marriage has had the effect of accumulated social and political disadvantage.","PeriodicalId":47057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Philosophy","volume":"572 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Epistemology of Corporate Power: The Limits of the Firm–State Analogy 公司权力的认识论：公司与国家类比的局限性
IF 1.1 2区 哲学
Journal of Applied Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1111/japp.12748
Chi Kwok
{"title":"The Epistemology of Corporate Power: The Limits of the Firm–State Analogy","authors":"Chi Kwok","doi":"10.1111/japp.12748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/japp.12748","url":null,"abstract":"Political theorists frequently utilize the ‘firm–state analogy’ (FSA) to support the arguments for democratic governance in firms. This article presents the FSA as an analogy with both justificatory and epistemic functions. Its justificatory function provides valid justificatory strategies for workplace democracy, while its epistemic function offers models that shape the understanding of corporate power. In this article, four limitations of the justificatory function of the FSA are identified: (i) the problem of ambiguity, (ii) the boundary problem, (iii) the issue of normative redundancy, and (iv) the universality problem. Furthermore, the article argues that the epistemic function of the FSA fails to adequately address some of the most concerning forms of corporate power wielded by large, particularly multinational, corporations in the realm of international trade. As a result, the FSA misses crucial reasons for the normative desirability of democracy in corporate governance.","PeriodicalId":47057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Philosophy","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mary Warnock and ‘Public Philosophy’ 玛丽-沃诺克与 "公共哲学
IF 0.7 2区 哲学
Journal of Applied Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1111/japp.12747
David Archard
{"title":"Mary Warnock and ‘Public Philosophy’","authors":"David Archard","doi":"10.1111/japp.12747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/japp.12747","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article responds to the familiar characterisation of Mary Warnock as someone whose major achievements as a public intellectual, such as the Report on human fertilisation and embryology, were at the expense of philosophical rigour and integrity. I explicate her lifelong commitment to practical morality, and her understanding of ethics and of the role of feelings in moral judgments, before analysing her important distinction between the private and public moral attitude. ‘Public philosophy’ is what she believes is necessary for those seeking to make a difference in the world of law and policy. I highlight the importance for her of securing ‘acceptable’ legal outcomes, especially on issues of bioscientific development which are the subject of irreconcilable moral disagreements. I compare her distinction with others and contrast its use with relevant writing by John Rawls and Thomas Nagel. Finally, I defend her against misjudged criticism from her philosophical contemporaries, most notably Richard Hare.</p>","PeriodicalId":47057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Philosophy","volume":"41 5","pages":"751-766"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/japp.12747","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Who Counts in Official Statistics? Ethical‐Epistemic Issues in German Migration and the Collection of Racial or Ethnic Data 官方统计中谁算数？德国移民和种族或民族数据收集中的伦理-观念问题
IF 1.1 2区 哲学
Journal of Applied Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1111/japp.12737
Daniel James, Morgan Thompson, Tereza Hendl
{"title":"Who Counts in Official Statistics? Ethical‐Epistemic Issues in German Migration and the Collection of Racial or Ethnic Data","authors":"Daniel James, Morgan Thompson, Tereza Hendl","doi":"10.1111/japp.12737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/japp.12737","url":null,"abstract":"In European countries (excluding the UK and Ireland), official statistics do not use racial or ethnic categories, but instead rely on proxies to collect data about discrimination. In the German microcensus, the proxy category adopted is ‘migration background’ (<jats:italic>Migrationshintergrund</jats:italic>): an individual has a ‘migration background’ when one or more of their parents does not have German citizenship by birth. We apply a coupled ethical‐epistemic analysis to the ‘migration background’ category to illuminate how the epistemic issues contribute to ethical ones. Our central claim is that these ethical‐epistemic issues with the ‘migration background’ category are best analysed in terms of Charles Mills's ‘white ignorance’. Appealing to Annette Martín's structural account of white ignorance, we highlight the cyclical reinforcement of ignorance and racial injustice in the use of the ‘migration background’ variable. Colourblind eliminativism about race perpetuates the use of ‘migration background’, which sustains and intensifies racial injustices.","PeriodicalId":47057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Philosophy","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141152181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How to Pool Risks across Generations: The Case for Collective Pensions. M. Otsuka, 2023. Oxford, Oxford University Press. viii + 109 pp, £40.00 (hb) 如何跨代共用风险：集体养老金案例》。Michael Otsuka，2023 年。牛津，牛津大学出版社。viii + 109 pp, £40.00 (hb)
IF 0.7 2区 哲学
Journal of Applied Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1111/japp.12739
Ezekiel Vergara
{"title":"How to Pool Risks across Generations: The Case for Collective Pensions. M. Otsuka, 2023. Oxford, Oxford University Press. viii + 109 pp, £40.00 (hb)","authors":"Ezekiel Vergara","doi":"10.1111/japp.12739","DOIUrl":"10.1111/japp.12739","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Philosophy","volume":"41 4","pages":"748-750"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140931055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Practices of Truth in Philosophy: Historical and Comparative Perspectives. P. Gori and L. Serini, 2024. New York, Routledge. 301 pp, £104.00 (hb) 哲学中的真理实践：历史与比较视角》。PietroGori 和 LorenzoSerini，2024 年。纽约，Routledge。301 pp, £104.00 (hb)
IF 0.7 2区 哲学
Journal of Applied Philosophy Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1111/japp.12736
Aftab Yunis Hakim
{"title":"Practices of Truth in Philosophy: Historical and Comparative Perspectives. P. Gori and L. Serini, 2024. New York, Routledge. 301 pp, £104.00 (hb)","authors":"Aftab Yunis Hakim","doi":"10.1111/japp.12736","DOIUrl":"10.1111/japp.12736","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Philosophy","volume":"41 4","pages":"745-747"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140931053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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