Archimède. Archéologie et histoire ancienne最新文献

{"title":"Le Coran en contexte(s) omeyyade(s) : introduction","authors":"Anne-Sylvie BOISLIVEAU, Mathilde BOUDIER, Eric VALLET","doi":"10.47245/archimede.0010.ds1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47245/archimede.0010.ds1.01","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé :\u0000\u0000Le contexte historique de la genèse du Coran constitue une question centrale dans les recherches islamologiques sur le texte fondateur de l’islam, d’autant plus vive qu’il n’existe pas de consensus sur une reconstruction scientifique de ce contexte. Placer le Coran « en contexte(s) » apparaît donc comme un terrain propice au dialogue entre islamologie et histoire. Cette introduction revient d’abord sur les enjeux propres à l’histoire première du Coran, c’est-à-dire à sa composition et à sa canonisation, avant d’évoquer comment ces enjeux s’articulent au contexte omeyyade. L’idée initiale d’un colloque organisé en juin 2021, qui consistait à appréhender l’histoire du Coran dans le contexte de la Syrie-Palestine à l’époque omeyyade (661-750), a finalement ouvert à la possibilité d’un regard multi-situé sur les développements omeyyades autour du Coran, à travers la confrontation des sources dans leur diversité et l’élargissement à un horizon impérial.\u0000\u0000Abstract:\u0000\u0000Title: The Qurʾān in Umayyad Context(s): Introduction\u0000\u0000The historical context of the genesis of the Qurʾān is a central issue within the field of Islamic Studies dealing with the founding text of Islam – even more so that no consensus on an academic reconstruction of this context has been reached. To set the Qurʾān « within its context(s) » appear therefore as an adequate ground for dialogue between History and the study of the religion of Islam. This introduction first describes what is at stake within the early history of the Qurʾān, i.e. its composition and canonisation, and then evokes how these issues relate to the Umayyad context. The initial idea of the conference that took place in June 2021, which was to address this topic within the limited framework of Syria-Palestine during the Umayyad period (661-750), eventually led to the possibility of a multi-situated view on the Umayyad developments regarding the Qurʾān, through confronting the sources in their diversity, in a wider, imperial horizon.","PeriodicalId":470218,"journal":{"name":"Archimède. Archéologie et histoire ancienne","volume":"20 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135714526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les pratiques cultuelles à Haghia Triada et en Messara occidentale (Crète) de la période néopalatiale aux phases de formation de la polis de Phaistos : restructurations ou évolutions ?","authors":"Daniela LEFEVRE-NOVARO","doi":"10.47245/archimede.0010.var.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47245/archimede.0010.var.02","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé Les sites archéologiques de la Messara occidentale (Crète), et notamment celui d’Haghia Triada, constituent des exemples significatifs des changements des pratiques cultuelles de la période néopalatiale aux phases de formation des cités-États grecques. Cet article vise à préciser la nature de ces transformations notamment après l’arrivée des Mycéniens en Crète, lorsqu’un temple indépendant doté d’une banquette est construit à Haghia Triada, et après la fin de la civilisation palatiale, tout au long de la période de gestation de la polis de Phaistos. Abstract Title: Changes in Cult Practices in Haghia Triada and Western Messara (Crete) from the Neopalatial Period to the Formative Phases of the Phaistos Polis: Reorganizations or Evolutions? The archaeological sites of Western Messara (Crete), and in particular that of Haghia Triada, are significant examples of the changes in cult practices from the Neopalatial period to the formative phases of Greek city-states. This paper aims to clarify the nature of these transformations, especially after the arrival of the Mycenaeans in Crete, when a free-standing temple with a bench was built at Hagia Triada, and after the end of the palatial civilization, throughout the gestation period of the Phaistos polis.","PeriodicalId":470218,"journal":{"name":"Archimède. Archéologie et histoire ancienne","volume":"23 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135715409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La correspondance d’Adolf Michaelis. Relations et échanges au sein de la communauté archéologique franco-allemande au tournant du XXe siècle","authors":"Alix PEYRARD","doi":"10.47245/archimede.0010.var.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47245/archimede.0010.var.05","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé Au lendemain de la guerre franco-prussienne, alors que les tensions entre les anciens pays ennemis sont encore vives, Adolf Michaelis, figure majeure de l’archéologie allemande, défend la reprise des collaborations franco-germaniques. En 1872, il devient titulaire de la chaire d’archéologie classique de Strasbourg. Suivant les principes de l’Altertumswissenschaft, il fonde une gypsothèque qui s’élève rapidement au rang de modèle pour les universités françaises et justifie des échanges réguliers entre le savant allemand et ses homologues français. Dans un contexte de professionnalisation de l’archéologie, analyser les relations entre Adolf Michaelis et son réseau de correspondants français permet ainsi d’établir le rôle que ce dernier a tenu dans la constitution d’une communauté archéologique transnationale et, plus largement, de remettre en lumière les échanges scientifiques qui marquèrent le tournant du siècle et contribuèrent aux avancées de l’archéologie européenne. Abstract Title: The correspondence of Adolf Michaelis. Relationship and exchange within the Franco-German archaeological community at the turn of the 20th century In the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War, even though tensions between the former enemy countries were still high, Adolf Michaelis, a major figure in German archaeology, advocated for the resuming of Franco-Germanic collaborations. In 1872, he became holder of the classical archaeology chair in Strasbourg. Following the principles of the Altertumswissenschaft, he founded a cast museum which rapidly became a model for French Universities and justified regular exchanges between the German scholar and his French counterparts. In a context marked by the professionalization of archaeology, analysing the relations between Adolf Michaelis and his network of French correspondents enables us to establish the role that the latter played in the constitution of a transnational archaeological community and to highlight, more broadly, the scientific exchanges that marked the turn of the century and contributed to the progress of European archaeology.","PeriodicalId":470218,"journal":{"name":"Archimède. Archéologie et histoire ancienne","volume":"6 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135714388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La notion juridique d’impôt : entre flottements définitoires et historicité","authors":"Franck WASERMAN","doi":"10.47245/archimede.0010.ds2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47245/archimede.0010.ds2.02","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé Les historiens de la fiscalité antique emploient des mots qui, pour les juristes, ont un sens précis. De leur côté, ceux-ci élaborent une histoire de l’impôt qui omet complètement l’Antiquité. Dans le cadre de la réflexion épistémologique menée dans ce dossier, une approche interdisciplinaire peut se révéler féconde afin de questionner quelques certitudes qui paraissent bien assurées. On examinera les problèmes de définition de l’impôt et on regardera comment des spécialistes de l’Antiquité traitent ces épineuses questions. Title: The Legal Notion of Impôt: Elusive Definitions and the Need for Historicization Historians of Ancient taxation use words that, for jurists, have a precise meaning. The latter, on the other hand, develop a history of taxation that completely omits Antiquity. Within the context of the epistemological reflection carried out in this dossier, an interdisciplinary approach may prove fruitful in order to question a few certainties that seem to be well established. We will examine the problems of definition of the French word for tax and we will look at how specialists of Antiquity deal with these thorny questions.","PeriodicalId":470218,"journal":{"name":"Archimède. Archéologie et histoire ancienne","volume":"5 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135714393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La canonisation des variantes de lecture coraniques en question : remarques sur la mémorisation intégrale du Coran et les critères de sélection des qurrāʾ","authors":"Hassan CHAHDI","doi":"10.47245/archimede.0010.ds1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47245/archimede.0010.ds1.05","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé La question de la transmission du Coran et de sa mémorisation est problématique dès les débuts de l’islam. Les sources musulmanes sont contradictoires au sujet de la biographie des Compagnons qui auraient mémorisé intégralement le Coran. Bien que la doxa musulmane soutienne que la transmission des variantes de lecture (qirāʾāt) du Coran est fidèle à l’enseignement prophétique, l’étude de ces sources montre que si la nomenclature du ḥadīṯ avait été appliquée à la transmission du Coran et de ses variantes, celle-ci aurait dû être rendue invalide. Elle met en évidence le paradoxe entre la transmission du Coran et celle du ḥadīṯ, paradoxe qui réside dans la façon de statuer sur les rapporteurs de qirāʾāt par rapport à ceux du ḥadīṯ. En effet, il ne suffit pas d’être disqualifié de la transmission des ḥadīṯ-s pour l’être en matière de qirāʾāt. Enfin, l’article traite de la sélection des qurrāʾ (« lecteurs, rapporteurs ») par Ibn Muǧāhid, qui, en se fondant sur des critères d’ordre politique plutôt que sur la fiabilité de ces qurrāʾ, privilégie les partisans de la cause de ʿUṯmān au dépend des partisans de la cause de ʿAlī. Ainsi, le conflit autour de la succession du Prophète a eu des répercussions sur la sélection des qurrāʾ à Bagdad au Xe siècle. Abstract Title: Questioning the Canonisation of the Variant Readings of the Qurʾān: Remarks on the Integral Memorisation of the Qurʾān and on the Criteria Used to Select the Qurrāʾ The question of the transmission and memorisation of the Qurʾān has been problematic since the beginnings of Islam. The Muslim sources are contradictory about the biographies of the Companions having memorised the Qurʾān in its entirety. Although Muslim doxa holds that the transmission of variant readings (qirāʾāt) of the Qurʾān is faithful to the prophetic teaching, the study of these sources shows that, had the nomenclature of the ḥadīṯ been applied to the transmission of variants of the Qurʾān, the latter would have been invalidated. It highlights the paradox between the transmission of the Qurʾān and that of the ḥadīṯ, a paradox which lies in the way of evaluating the transmitters of qirāʾāt as compared to those of the ḥadīṯ. Indeed, it does not suffice to be disqualified in terms of ḥadīṯ transmission to be disqualified ipso facto in terms of qirāʾāt transmission. Finally, this study discusses the selection of qurrāʾ in Ibn Muǧāhid’s works, which, based more on political criteria than on the reliability of the qurrāʾ, favored supporters of the cause of ʿUṯmān over those of the cause of ʿAlī. Thus, the conflict over the succession to the Prophet affected the selection of the qurrāʾ in Baghdad in the 10th century.","PeriodicalId":470218,"journal":{"name":"Archimède. Archéologie et histoire ancienne","volume":"20 7-8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135714525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enjeux politiques et processus de légitimation autour du Coran dans la seconde moitié du VIIe siècle","authors":"Hassan BOUALI","doi":"10.47245/archimede.0010.ds1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47245/archimede.0010.ds1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé Cet article vise à comprendre le rapport que les autorités politiques ont entretenu avec le Coran dans la seconde moitié du VIIe siècle. La première partie s’interroge en premier lieu sur l’enjeu politique du Coran entre la première fitna et le long règne de Muʿāwiya. La seconde partie porte son attention sur l’éventuelle signification politique du codex du calife rival des Omeyyades, ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr. Abstract Title: Political Issues and Legitimisation Process around the Qurʾān in the second half of the Seventh century This article aims to understand the relationship that political authorities had with the Qurʾān in the second half of the seventh century. The first part focuses on the issue of the Qurʾān between the first fitna and the long reign of Muʿāwiya. The second part turns its attention to the possible political significance of the codex of the caliph rival to the Umayyads, ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr.","PeriodicalId":470218,"journal":{"name":"Archimède. Archéologie et histoire ancienne","volume":"24 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135715399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Écrire l’histoire de la fiscalité antique : un défi insurmontable ?","authors":"Michaël GIRARDIN","doi":"10.47245/archimede.0010.ds2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47245/archimede.0010.ds2.01","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé Le renouveau historiographique concernant la fiscalité antique nécessite de prendre le temps d’une réflexion épistémologique. Les défis à surmonter pour travailler sur ce domaine d’étude sont nombreux. La lecture croisée des articles de ce dossier fournit quelques pistes pour repenser le rapport des historiens aux travaux passés, aux sources, ainsi que la méthodologie la plus adéquate. La transdisciplinarité et l’attention portée aux contextes de production des principales références bibliographiques sont mises en avant comme des éléments indispensables pour progresser sans dépendre excessivement d’héritages historiographiques éventuellement discutables aujourd’hui. Title: Writing the History of Ancient Taxation: An Impossible Challenge? The historiographical renewal concerning Ancient taxation requires taking the time for epistemological thoughts. There are many challenges to overcome in order to work on this field of study. The cross-reading of the papers in this dossier provides some leads for rethinking the relationship of historians to past works, to sources, as well as the most appropriate methodology. Transdisciplinarity and the attention paid to the contexts of production of the main bibliographical references are put forward as essential elements for progress without depending excessively on possibly questionable historiographical legacies.","PeriodicalId":470218,"journal":{"name":"Archimède. Archéologie et histoire ancienne","volume":"27 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135715587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oppression, exploitation, persécution ? Historiographie de la fiscalité en Judée séleucide et romaine","authors":"Michaël GIRARDIN","doi":"10.47245/archimede.0010.ds2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47245/archimede.0010.ds2.04","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé Depuis quelques années, le regain d’intérêt historiographique pour la fiscalité commence à toucher le domaine de l’étude du judaïsme ancien. Les travaux remettent peu à peu en cause plusieurs idées bien admises, par exemple l’appauvrissement de la Judée aux temps hellénistique et romain, l’oppression fiscale des classes paysannes, l’étouffante lourdeur des prélèvements. Cet article propose de mettre en évidence les obstacles qui se dressent aujourd’hui devant les chercheurs : le biais déformant des sources, des débats sans fin autour de fragiles héritages historiographiques, l’absence de collaboration interdisciplinaire intégrant ce champ d’étude. Il invite à élargir la perspective de recherche pour s’affranchir de tout cela et repenser les structures fiscales au-travers de leur fonctionnement plutôt que de l’hostilité des contribuables. Abstract Title: Oppression, Exploitation, Persecution? The Historiogaphy of Taxation in Hellenistic and Roman Judea Since a few years, the study of taxation in Judaea has regained momentum. Some studies gradually call into question several well-accepted ideas, for instance the impoverishment of Judaea in Hellenistic and Roman periods, the fiscal oppression on the peasantry, the burden of the taxes. The aim of this paper is to highlight the obstacles facing scholarship today: the distorting bias of sources, endless debates around fragile historiographical legacies, the absence of interdisciplinary collaboration integrating this field of study. It advocates for broadening the research perspective to overcome all this and think anew tax structures through their operation rather than the hostility of taxpayers.","PeriodicalId":470218,"journal":{"name":"Archimède. Archéologie et histoire ancienne","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135714254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ǫuelques questions sur les contextes du Coran","authors":"Guillaume DYE","doi":"10.47245/archimede.0010.ds1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47245/archimede.0010.ds1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé : Cet article étudie la manière dont il convient de penser l’articulation entre le texte coranique et son contexte supposé. En examinant trois types de tensions entre le Coran et le contexte de La Mecque et de Médine, qui concernent des aspects géographico-sociaux, religieux (l’arrière-plan chrétien) et socio-culturels (la capacité à utiliser l’écrit (literacy) et l’oralité), l’article montre que, tout en conservant l’idée que le mouvement de Muḥammad a pris naissance en Arabie occidentale, on doit abandonner l’idée du Coran comme miroir de la prédication de Muḥammad et reconnaître que le corpus coranique a en fait plusieurs contextes. Abstract Title: Some Issues about the Contexts of the Qurʾān This article explores how to think about the articulation between the Qurʾanic text and its supposed context. By examining three types of tensions between the Qurʾān and the context of Mecca and Medina, which pertain to geographical-social, religious (the Christian background) and socio-cultural (literacy and orality) aspects, the article shows that, while we should keep the idea that Muḥammad’s movement originated in Western Arabia, we should give up the idea of the Qur’ān as a mirror of Muḥammad’s preaching and acknowledge that the Qurʾanic corpus displays in fact multiple contexts.","PeriodicalId":470218,"journal":{"name":"Archimède. Archéologie et histoire ancienne","volume":"20 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135714527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les débris infinis d’un empire paperassier. Petit tour d’horizon de la documentation fiscale de l’Égypte romaine","authors":"Paul HEILPORN","doi":"10.47245/archimede.0010.ds2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47245/archimede.0010.ds2.06","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé L’article vise à présenter brièvement différents aspects de la fiscalité en Égypte romaine, depuis les principaux impôts (comme la capitation ou les taxes foncières) jusqu’au fonctionnement de la perception et à ses conséquences, avec la fuite de contribuables (ἀναχώρησις). Abstract Title: Scattered Remains of a Paperwork Empire. An Overview of Fiscal Documentation in Roman Egypt This paper aims to offer a short presentation of some of the main points one can make about taxation in Roman Egypt: information about the main taxes such as the poll tax or land taxes, as well as about tax collection or its consequences, with taxpayers running away from their obligations (ἀναχώρησις).","PeriodicalId":470218,"journal":{"name":"Archimède. Archéologie et histoire ancienne","volume":"2 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135714242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}