Counselling & Psychotherapy Research最新文献

{"title":"Exploring young people with eating difficulties and their caregivers' experiences of person-centred counselling","authors":"Samantha Ward,&nbsp;Nicola Daughtrey,&nbsp;Chloe Constable,&nbsp;Judith Bell","doi":"10.1002/capr.12757","DOIUrl":"10.1002/capr.12757","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There has been a significant increase in the number of young people with eating difficulties (EDs), and current waiting times are not meeting the standard recommended by the National Health Service. Therefore, TIC+, a mental health charity in Gloucestershire, launched an ED counselling service, TEDS. The service aimed to promptly provide young people with person-centred counselling as an alternative option for support.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Very few studies have investigated the experience of individuals with EDs who are engaging with person-centred counselling, and exploration of this can help us to ascertain whether the approach should be more widely deployed while also informing service development for TEDS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study qualitatively explored young people and their caregivers' experiences of the service using semi-structured interviews; four young people and four caregivers took part. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings revealed that the person-centred counselling provided was valuable for young people, with improvements to their EDs evident.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>However, there were several barriers to counselling that must be addressed. Furthermore, caregivers experienced a sense of loss of control and helplessness, which may have ramifications for young people too, demonstrating a need to consider how best to support caregivers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is preliminary support for the use of person-centred counselling for young people with eating difficulites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"24 3","pages":"1120-1132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140677432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence and psychotherapy: A counterpoint","authors":"Derek Richards","doi":"10.1002/capr.12758","DOIUrl":"10.1002/capr.12758","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Psychotherapy practice is a human endeavour. Research on the specific and non-specific factors of treatment has helped crystallise its relevance and clinical impact. The challenges currently faced by the field revolve around ensuring access to evidence-based treatments and enhancing their effectiveness. Digitally delivered formats of empirically supported treatments increase access while supporting the relevance of the treatment-specific ingredients and the necessity for human guidance. Excitement surrounds the potential integration of novel artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning methods to advance psychotherapy effectiveness. The abundance of data in digitally delivered formats positions them well to harness the capabilities of AI. Recent work provides proof of concept in areas including detection and diagnosis, predicting outcomes, treatment adherence, remission and relapse. A potential risk emerges when applying machine learning methods, in which an overreliance on AI inferences may overshadow the human aspect of psychotherapy. The contrast is simple: we may over-invest in the rationality and relevance of our AI inferences, blindly obeying the algorithmic counsel that may lead to unintended consequences, such as oversimplifying human complexity. This would amount to changing psychotherapy from a human-centric to a techno-centric endeavour, something we should steadily avoid. This perspective highlights the importance of balancing enthusiasm for AI advancements with a cautious approach. The discussion outlines the risks associated with overdependence on AI and provides reasons to avoid a scenario in which psychotherapy loses its human essence. In conclusion, the perspective suggests avenues for future research to prevent such a transformation and maintain the human-centric nature of psychotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/capr.12758","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140684267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘What happens then?’: A 6-month follow-up on students accessing a university counselling service","authors":"Marco Bani,&nbsp;Federico Zorzi,&nbsp;Selena Russo,&nbsp;Stefano Ardenghi,&nbsp;Giulia Rampoldi,&nbsp;Maria Grazia Strepparava","doi":"10.1002/capr.12756","DOIUrl":"10.1002/capr.12756","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>University psychological counselling services represent a frontline defence to detect, treat or refer students with a wide range of (clinical and non-clinical) difficulties. Nevertheless, only few studies describe their impact on academic self-efficacy and report follow-up data. Evidence on students' actual access to further psychological support in times of hardship is also scant and most needed. This study aimed to fill these gaps, exploring the stability of improvement in clinical conditions in a wide sample of university students and reporting post-intervention referrals to mental health services.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a longitudinal study, 218 students who accessed a psychological counselling service at the University of Milano-Bicocca between 2015 and 2019 completed an assessment at the beginning (T0), conclusion (T1) and 6 months after (T2) a brief cognitive behavioural intervention. The assessment included psychological symptoms, general distress, emotion dysregulation and academic self-efficacy. Information about students' choices to continue a psychological intervention in other services was also collected and contrasted with the counsellor's indication.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At follow-up, the improvement in academic self-efficacy remained stable, with more than 60% of the students maintaining a reliable clinical change, and nearly half of them reporting having accessed (or being willing to contact) a mental health service outside the university services.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings highlight the key role of counselling services in addressing students' distress and academic performances in the long term and in building bridges with mental health services outside the university system for students who need longer and specialised treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"24 3","pages":"962-971"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140691384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gendered capital in psychotherapy: A thematic analysis of patients' experiences of the therapists' gender","authors":"Erwin Schweitzer,&nbsp;Yvonne Schaffler,&nbsp;Andrea Jesser,&nbsp;Thomas Probst,&nbsp;Elke Humer,&nbsp;Brigitte Schigl","doi":"10.1002/capr.12755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12755","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The impact of therapists' and patients' gender on therapy processes and outcomes remains a subject of intense debate in psychotherapy research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article explores the role of gender in psychotherapy from the patients' perspective.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>By conducting semi-structured interviews with 20 patients undergoing individual psychotherapy in private practices in Austria, the influence of the therapist's gender was investigated. The data collected were subjected to qualitative thematic analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The authors adopted a Bourdieusian feminist perspective to interpret the results, revealing that patients perceived female psychotherapists as possessing unique resources not found in male therapists. These resources encompassed knowledge, skills, traits perceived as ‘female’, and shared body and life experiences. Referred to as ‘female gender capital’, these resources influenced the preferences of most female and one male patient, leading them to favour female psychotherapists.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Given the strong perceptions and preferences around gender observed in this study, gender identity and gendered practices should be critically reflected on by individual therapists as well as in psychotherapy training programmes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"24 4","pages":"1357-1367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/capr.12755","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142447550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The linear pattern of therapeutic alliance development: Exploring the relationship between alliance trajectories over time and the outcomes of systemic psychotherapy treatment for adaptation disorders","authors":"Tomasz Prusiński","doi":"10.1002/capr.12753","DOIUrl":"10.1002/capr.12753","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to determine the trajectories of therapeutic alliance development in individual systemic psychotherapy for adults with adaptation disorders and the differences in alliance development between groups with different treatment outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The longitudinal quasi<i>-</i>experiment included 20 patients undergoing individual outpatient psychotherapy treatment in private practice for over a year. Therapeutic alliance was evaluated three times, by the psychotherapist and the patient simultaneously. Treatment outcomes were estimated twice based on patient ratings. Their clinical significance was assessed using the Reliable Change Index, analysis of variance for independent groups and trend analysis. The analyses concerned global therapeutic alliance and its three dimensions: goals, tasks and bonds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study supported the hypothesised linear trend. It also confirmed a greater increase in alliance quality over the course of treatment in patients whose therapy was more successful.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results indicate that, in patients with adaptation disorders, alliance development in systemic therapy follows a stable linear trend. The linear change observed for global therapeutic alliance is paralleled by similar trends in goals, tasks and bonds. Strong alliance correlates with better treatment outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"24 4","pages":"1322-1336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140365423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replication of relations among working alliance, distress and attendance variables","authors":"Scott T. Meier","doi":"10.1002/capr.12754","DOIUrl":"10.1002/capr.12754","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent reports from the World Health Organization and the American Psychological Association have highlighted the gap between the growing need for mental health services and available resources. Even with additional funding, however, the high proportion of clients who drop out after only a few sessions presents a significant obstacle to providing effective help.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using archival data from the Research Consortium of Counseling and Psychological Services in Higher Education, this study examined relations between client attendance and two constructs of the early therapeutic environment model, working alliance and client distress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Session count evidenced a floor effect, with the mean of the distribution (4.45) &lt;1 standard deviation (SD; 4.11) from the lowest possible score. In contrast, clients' alliance scores (measured with the Working Alliance Inventory) displayed a ceiling effect, with the mean 1.48 SD units from the highest possible score. Analyses indicated that alliance and distress (measured via the Outcome Questionnaire—45) scores exhibit different nonlinear relations with session count. Working alliance scores exhibited a power function indicating that rapid increases in alliance scores during initial sessions were associated with larger session counts. In contrast, distress scores formed a funnel shape with session count such that moderate initial distress was associated with greater attendance. Clients whose alliance scores evidenced a ceiling effect accounted for most of the observed change on the distress measure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To enhance attendance, study findings suggest that, as early as possible, therapists should maximise the client–therapist alliance and moderate the level of client distress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"24 4","pages":"1345-1356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140368623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of a spiritual intelligence-based counselling programme on suicidal ideation and self-concept among retirement","authors":"Basma Eid Alshareef,&nbsp;Othman A. Alfuqaha","doi":"10.1002/capr.12752","DOIUrl":"10.1002/capr.12752","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Spiritual counselling techniques can offer individuals a sense of new meaning and a way to cope with difficulties. However, no prior study has specifically examined the effectiveness of a spiritual intelligence counselling programme on suicidal ideation and self-concept among retired individuals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to evaluate how a new counselling programme focusing on spiritual intelligence helps retired individuals deal with suicidal ideation and self-concept.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 40 retired individuals were split into two groups: one that received the counselling programme (experimental group = 20) and one that did not (control group = 20) based on their initial scores of suicidal ideation and self-concept scales. The experimental group went through a 10-session counselling programme, meeting for 90 min each week from April to June 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on means, standard deviations and analysis of variance, results found significant differences in scores between those who underwent the counselling programme and those who did not. The experimental group revealed a decrease in suicidal ideation and an improvement in self-concept after completing the counselling programme. Males seemed to benefit more from the spiritual intelligence-based counselling programme than females in reducing suicidal ideation. There was no difference between males and females regarding self-concept.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The spiritual counselling programme improves self-concept and reduces suicidal ideation among retired individuals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results suggest that the spiritual intelligence-based counselling programme shows promise in addressing mental health issues among retired individuals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"24 4","pages":"1337-1344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Group Radical Openness: Participants' attributions of change","authors":"Violet Johnstone,&nbsp;Cian McDonough,&nbsp;Rachel Egan,&nbsp;Katie Browne,&nbsp;Amy Corbett","doi":"10.1002/capr.12750","DOIUrl":"10.1002/capr.12750","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Group Radical Openness (GRO) has been shown to be a feasible and acceptable intervention for individuals who struggle with costly overcontrol. This paper explores participants' reports of attributions of change following the engagement in GRO.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fourteen participants took part in qualitative interviews. An adapted version of ‘The Revised Client Change Interview Schedule: Version 5’ was used to capture the experiences of change following the intervention (Elliott &amp; Rodgers, 2008). Research participants were outpatients of a psychiatric hospital who attended GRO. The sample consisted of 14 participants (6 females: 8 males); mean age 44.4 years; and age range 18–58. All participants attended 26, 3-h group sessions. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify the specific aspects of the group therapy to which clients attributed change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The analysis identified three superordinate themes, each with two subthemes. These included Safety and Connection (Safety and Tribe; Open and Genuine Facilitation); Understanding Overcontrol (Awareness of Overcontrol; The GRO Approach); and Carrying GRO Forward (Increased Awareness and Capacity to Reflect; Internalising GRO).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Group Radical Openness was shown to be an acceptable group therapy treatment for people with an overcontrolled coping style. This paper further clarifies the participants' experiences of GRO and what aspects led to change from their perspective.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"24 4","pages":"1300-1309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140222196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helping college students with autism spectrum disorder: Exploring factors affecting use of counselling","authors":"Nicole Noble,&nbsp;Nicholas Bueno,&nbsp;Audrey Zatopek,&nbsp;Jeremias Hernandez","doi":"10.1002/capr.12751","DOIUrl":"10.1002/capr.12751","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience mental health concerns at a higher prevalence rate than the general population, yet mental health professionals have limited education, training and experience in counselling individuals with ASD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To better understand the unique mental health concerns this population encounters, this qualitative study explored the experiences of 102 college students with ASD as they considered, attended and stopped counselling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Specifically, this study investigated the motives the participants reported for attending counselling, the reasons professionals indicated that the participants should attend counselling, the barriers the participants were confronted with in seeking counselling and the causes for terminating counselling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on these findings, implications for counselling this population and future research are provided.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"24 4","pages":"1310-1321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/capr.12751","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140249221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inter-modality comparison of working alliance and client satisfaction in online counselling during the COVID-19 pandemic: An exploratory study","authors":"Carla Moccia,&nbsp;Harriet L. Bowyer","doi":"10.1002/capr.12748","DOIUrl":"10.1002/capr.12748","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mental health suffered during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Scotland. While there was limited availability for face-to-face counselling, online counselling was available via telephone, videoconference, email, one-to-one chat and group basis. Existing research has failed to examine inter-modality comparisons of client experiences of online counselling during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Scottish participants (<i>n</i> = 94) who received online counselling during the COVID-19 pandemic completed an online survey using quantitative methodology, which explored their experiences of one of five online counselling modalities measured by two reliable scales: the Working Alliance Inventory-Short Revised and factor one of the Satisfaction with Therapy and Therapist Scale. Additional exploratory analysis investigated whether age, gender, choice of online counselling modality and pre-COVID-19 pandemic familiarity with online counselling affected these outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Working alliance and satisfaction outcomes were positively correlated. No significant differences between working alliance and satisfaction scores were found between the five modalities. Female participants, and those who received their preferred choice of counselling modality, had significantly greater working alliance than those who did not.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings provide insights to clients and practitioners about the variety of synchronous and asynchronous online platforms that can facilitate good therapeutic outcomes. The importance of participant choice of counselling modality was reiterated. The broader implications of the findings and the future direction of a hybrid online and face-to-face counselling model were discussed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"24 4","pages":"1288-1299"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/capr.12748","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140252907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}