Counselling & Psychotherapy Research最新文献

{"title":"Hindering events in psychotherapy with adolescents: A retrospective investigation of patients' recollection","authors":"Alessia Calabrò,&nbsp;Luisa Cassera,&nbsp;Filippo Aschieri","doi":"10.1002/capr.12740","DOIUrl":"10.1002/capr.12740","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adolescents often drop out of psychotherapy, with research indicating that almost half of adolescents abandon therapy prematurely. Authors have recommended that, in order to increase engagement and prevent dropout, it is important for clinicians to manage and maintain the therapeutic setting and the relationship.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was designed to investigate the impact of events that hinder the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy with adolescents, with attention to the adolescents' experiences of these events, how such events were managed within the therapeutic relationship and consequences for the course of treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with adolescents and young adults who experienced negative events during their treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Following a structured thematic analysis, four main domains of hindering events were identified: (a) the nature of problems; (b) subjective experience; (c) response to the events; and (d) consequences of these events.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While there were some similarities between hindering events in adult psychotherapy and that undertaken with adolescents, findings indicate that working with adolescents presents specific challenges associated with limited independence that is typical of this stage of life, and this has implications for clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"24 4","pages":"1257-1268"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/capr.12740","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139391479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The psychometric properties and treatment outcomes associated with two measures of youth therapeutic alliance using naturalistic data","authors":"Daryl Mahon,&nbsp;Takuya Minami,&nbsp;(G. S.) Jeb Brown","doi":"10.1002/capr.12738","DOIUrl":"10.1002/capr.12738","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is the second of two articles that examine the psychometric properties and treatment outcomes associated with two measures of the therapeutic alliance in naturalistic routine settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were taken from the ACORN database for youth, and, where available, parent/carer, attending for psychotherapy treatment in naturalistic settings (<i>N</i> = 12,573). The sample, the largest to date, included only those completing both an alliance measure and an outcome measure at every session. Two sets of three different alliance items are used across the two populations in routine practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Analyses revealed that the alliance explained no more than 3% of the variance in outcomes. Alliance measures exhibit ceiling effects, and as such, drawing conclusions about correlations with outcomes can be difficult. Any drop in alliance score as rated by both youth and parent/carer is predictive of outcomes, with parent/carer ratings being marginally more predictive. Where the alliance is rated as better by youth or parent/carer in comparison with ratings as worse, effect sizes are up to 50% better for the youth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The therapeutic alliance remains an important non-specific treatment component; however, measures of the alliance have ceiling effects. Both youth and their parent/carer can provide important feedback to the therapist, and any drop in alliance is predictive of clinically meaningful change. As such, therapists should monitor the alliance with both youth and parent/carer. Implications for practice, training and research are considered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"24 2","pages":"491-501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139390410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘It's All About Trying to Be Relatable’: Counsellor relatability and personal experiences of social media when supporting young people","authors":"Ella White,&nbsp;Chao-Hwa (Josephine) Chen-Wilson","doi":"10.1002/capr.12732","DOIUrl":"10.1002/capr.12732","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although there is a small area of research exploring how mental health practitioners can support young people with the impacts of social media (SM) on their mental health, no study has researched into practitioners’ own relationship with SM. This study aimed to explore counsellor's own relationship with SM, and how such insights contributed into their support to their clients who may be impacted by their engagement with SM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Counsellors who worked with young people aged 16–25 were recruited and interviewed. A reflexive thematic analysis of the interviews identified three main themes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The first theme “It’s Not Based on Reality” related to counsellors comparing themselves to the unrealistic highlight reel depicted on SM in the same way as the young people they supported. The second theme “All Of a Sudden I’m on Facebook” explored the counsellor’s obsessive use of SM yet they believed they were better able than their young clients to recognise when SM impacted their mood and to instigate boundaries by coming offline. The third theme “It’s All About Trying to Be Relatable” highlighted counsellors’ evaluation of efficacy of their own SM use to their therapeutic practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite the noted parallels in SM use between counsellors and the young people they supported, counsellors believed their experiences of SM differed from their clients. This study provides implications for counsellor training when working with young people and the importance of counsellors’ self-care when using SM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"24 3","pages":"925-935"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/capr.12732","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online psychoeducation groups for mental health promotion: Perceptions of Brazilian university students","authors":"Grasiele Cristina Lucietto da Silva,&nbsp;Debora Cristina dos Santos Pereira,&nbsp;Dália Passos Sousa,&nbsp;Deise Coelho de Souza,&nbsp;Marta Regina Gonçalves Correia-Zanini,&nbsp;Fabio Scorsolini-Comin","doi":"10.1002/capr.12736","DOIUrl":"10.1002/capr.12736","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to understand the perceptions of university students regarding participation in an online psychoeducation group to promote mental health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was a qualitative study that followed two groups over 8 weeks, carried out with 20 nursing students from a Brazilian public university during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The online psychoeducation group was considered an efficient strategy for mental health promotion and an important resource for the provision of assistance to this population, especially in the pandemic scenario. The remote environment was considered welcoming and comfortable to share personal issues, and dispensing with commutes eased participation. On the contrary, some participants mentioned a lack of physical contact and difficulties with adherence/attendance, as well as the need for more meetings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Final considerations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For this population, highly impacted by the pandemic, the online psychoeducation group was configured as a space for sharing life experiences, self-knowledge and was designed to offer a welcoming environment, contributing to the construction of support networks in a social isolation scenario. It is recommended that these online group interventions continue to be investigated after the pandemic, especially by communicating about strengthening the welcoming actions in higher education.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"24 4","pages":"1232-1242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139165259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An examination of the association between mindfulness and compassion for others in psychotherapists: A mediating role of self-compassion","authors":"John Lalor,&nbsp;Ali Khoshfetrat","doi":"10.1002/capr.12735","DOIUrl":"10.1002/capr.12735","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mindfulness, self-compassion and compassion for others are often studied among clients seeking psychotherapy. Psychotherapists are also at risk of developing psychological difficulties given that the profession is demanding and can put psychological and emotional pressures on therapists. The aim of this study was to examine (a) the relationship between mindfulness, self-compassion and compassion for others and (b) whether self-compassion will mediate the effects of mindfulness on compassion for others.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was a cross-sectional study conducted among a sample of 152 psychotherapists registered with the Irish Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy in Ireland.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our analysis found a significant relationship between mindfulness, self-compassion and compassion for others. Mediation analysis showed that the indirect effects of mindfulness on compassion for others was through self-compassion. We entered age and gender into our model, but they had no impact on the mediated relationship.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings from this study provide preliminary support for a proposed sequential model, suggesting that mindfulness enhances self-compassion, which, in turn, can improve compassion for others. Psychotherapists and psychotherapy bodies are recommended to utilise strategies that can improve psychotherapists' mindfulness skills, such as the mindfulness self-compassion programme and compassion-focussed therapy, and their capacity for self-compassion, which can contribute to their ability to develop compassion for the client. Given the limitations of the design of the study, future longitudinal research will enable us to document the directionality of the effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"24 3","pages":"1006-1013"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139168261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The psychometric properties and treatment outcomes associated with two measures of the adult therapeutic alliance using naturalistic data","authors":"Daryl Mahon,&nbsp;Takuya Minami,&nbsp;(G. S.) Jeb Brown","doi":"10.1002/capr.12734","DOIUrl":"10.1002/capr.12734","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This is the first of two articles that examine the psychometric properties and treatment outcomes associated with measures of the therapeutic alliance collected in naturalistic settings rather than clinical trials. These articles break new ground in understanding the relationship between measures of alliance and treatment outcome by performing detailed item analyses in order to assess the psychometric properties of each individual item, its propensity to change from session to session and its utility in predicting change in the outcome measure.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Data were taken from the ACORN database for adults attending for psychotherapy treatment in naturalistic settings (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 147,399). The sample, the largest to date, included only those completing both an alliance measure and an outcome measure at every session. Two sets of three different alliance items are used across three different treatment populations: general outpatient, substance use, and severe and persistent mental health difficulties. To investigate this possibility, the psychometric properties of each item were evaluated, including factor analysis, likelihood of change over time in treatment and correlations between changes in alliance and magnitude of client-reported improvement in therapy. The predictive validity of each individual item is compared with the predictive validity of their respective three-item measures. The problem of alliance scores being heavily skewed in a positive direction and the resulting lack of variability from session to session is addressed by categorising change in alliance as same, better or worse, regardless of the magnitude of change.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Findings tended to differ from those in clinical trials, with the last alliance score being most predictive of outcome. In this data set, the alliance accounted for, at most, 2% of the variance in outcomes. Measures of the therapeutic alliance demonstrate ceiling effects, and the alliance–outcome correlation is far from linear. Change in alliance score, rather than a single assessment, is more predictive of outcome, regardless of the magnitude of change in the alliance measure, with effect sizes of up to 50% more for those who rated the alliance as worse than for those rating it as no change or better.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Therapists using therapeutic alliance questionnaires will benefit from being aware of how the psychometric properties of alliance measures impact outcomes. Even the smallest drop in alliance is predictive of significant clinically meaningful ","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"24 4","pages":"1219-1231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139171151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative meta-analysis examining the impact of personal therapy on clinical work and personal and professional development","authors":"Jochem Willemsen,&nbsp;Hubert de Condé,&nbsp;Greta Kaluzeviciute-Moreton,&nbsp;Greta Guogaite,&nbsp;Niccolò Fiorentino Polipo,&nbsp;Emmanuelle Zech","doi":"10.1002/capr.12733","DOIUrl":"10.1002/capr.12733","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explored how personal therapy (PT) is experienced by psychotherapists, focussing on its positive and negative impact on clinical work as well as personal and professional development (PPD). The current meta-analysis considered qualitative research studies focussing on therapists' experiences of the impact of their PT on their clinical activities and development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic review of the literature led to the identification of 21 published qualitative research studies. The findings from individual studies were subjected to grounded theory meta-analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five clusters were identified: (1) PT helps to increase self-awareness in general and within the therapeutic relations; (2) PT helps therapists to adopt a therapeutic approach by observing and experiencing the impact of therapeutic interventions; (3) PT helps to support patients in the therapeutic process on the basis of one's own experience of going through a therapeutic process; (4) PT helps therapists to become more confident and authentic because it fosters self-acceptance; and (5) PT hinders clinical work and PPD through exposure to inadequate interventions and by stirring up personal issues. The four helpful clusters can be linked to the processes of personal growth, learning through observation and experience, experiential learning, and professional identity development, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings of this study indicate that PT can have a helpful impact on clinical work and PPD through four processes that strengthen effective therapist skills, attitudes and ways of being. However, several studies demonstrate that the influence of PT on clinical work and PPD can also be experienced as complex, ambiguous and even harmful.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"24 3","pages":"853-869"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Like I'd been listened to without actually saying words’: Picturing the nurturer in compassion-focused therapy","authors":"Rachel Louise Crone,&nbsp;Richard James Brown,&nbsp;Tobyn Bell","doi":"10.1002/capr.12730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12730","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A core component of compassion-focussed therapy (CFT) is imagery. This study aimed to explore the experiences of ‘compassionate other’ imagery practice in individuals with social anxiety.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eight individuals were interviewed about their experiences of the imagery practice as part of CFT in NHS primary care services, and interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse the data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three group experiential themes were identified as follows: uncovering obstacles and resistances, revealing compassionate other qualities and imagery as a vehicle to self-discovery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results highlighted not only the challenges in developing and utilising an imaginal caring figure but also the benefits of self-discovery, specifically in terms of identifying unmet emotional needs. Links between the themes and processes underpinning the results are explored in relation to the existing theories and literature. Clinical implications and suggestions for further research are also discussed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"24 3","pages":"936-948"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/capr.12730","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How self-injury affects psychotherapists: A qualitative study","authors":"Cindy O'Connor,&nbsp;Paul Surgenor","doi":"10.1002/capr.12731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12731","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is used to explore how people make sense of their personal and social world, although a search of recent literature suggests that it has not been applied to better understand self-injury (SI). The goal of this paper was to employ an IPA methodology to gain a deeper understanding of the impact witnessing the physical manifestations of SI has on therapists.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study recruited a purposive sample of nine English-speaking psychotherapists. Questions designed to relate to the participant's experience of witnessing the physical manifestations of SI were piloted with non-participating psychotherapists whose experience matched those of the sample. Individual interviews were conducted by the primary researcher.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Data Analysis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Analysis involved the hermeneutic circle, moving between the part and the whole to capture and record the unique experience of the individual participants. This entailed the following: reading and re-reading the transcripts; initial noting; developing emergent themes; connecting emergent themes; and pattern identification across cases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two superordinate themes were identified that encapsulated how participants experienced, perceived and understood their own reactions to clients’ SI presentation. The first, Shock, included the subordinate themes of Controlling reactions, Managing physical revulsion, Therapeutic holding and Revisiting and ruminating. The second, Responsibility, included the subordinate themes of Client responsibility, Professional responsibility, Personal responsibility and Responsibility for hope.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Implications relate to core training for psychotherapists, the focus on continuing professional development, and the policies and procedures needed to support psychotherapists.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"24 4","pages":"1206-1218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142447660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development of the Psychotherapists' Supervision Preferences Questionnaire—Derived from the Proctor Model","authors":"Simon Fagernäs,&nbsp;Åsa Spännargård,&nbsp;Sven Alfonsson","doi":"10.1002/capr.12726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12726","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Proctor Model describes three core functions of clinical supervision: formative, restorative and normative. While having high face validity as a tool for measuring supervision preferences that can facilitate the formulation of the supervision contract, its construct validity is unclear, and the literature suggests a more all-encompassing model by including a reflective component.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study was to assess the construct validity of the Proctor Model and use these results to develop a short instrument that can facilitate the formulation of the supervision contract.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Through a literature review and expert discussions, a 28-item inventory was created. After pilot-testing and revisions, the inventory was administered to 204 psychotherapists. These data were analysed with factor analysis, leading to a revised version that was enrolled in a second sample of 125 psychotherapists.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Factor analysis of the first sample suggested a five-factor solution as the formative function consisted of two separate constructs: conceptual (receiving role of the therapist and theoretical focus) and experiential (active role of the therapist, skill-based and feedback-oriented). The restorative function composed of sharing thoughts and feelings and being validated and recognised. Pre-theorised restorative items describe an active handling of distressing feelings loaded on the reflective function. Analysis of the second sample confirmed the suggested five-factor structure and gave support for overall replicated psychometric properties. Regression and correlation analyses showed preliminary evidence for convergent and divergent validity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results provide a more nuanced understanding of the Proctor Model and provide the field with a psychometrically sound instrument for the formulation of the supervision contract.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"24 4","pages":"1191-1205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/capr.12726","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142447529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}