Counselling & Psychotherapy Research最新文献

{"title":"Non-Linear Emotional Processing in Emotion-Focused Therapy With a Korean Sample: A Multi-Case CAMS Study","authors":"Soyoung Park","doi":"10.1002/capr.70188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.70188","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This exploratory multi-case process study described within-session emotional sequencing in Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) with a Korean clinical research sample using the Classification of Affective-Meaning States (CAMS) mapped onto the Sequential Model of Emotional Processing (SMEP). We focused on clinically interpretable nonlinearity patterns and the timing of first adaptive-state emergence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ten adults completed 12–19 sessions (148 sessions total). All sessions were observationally CAMS coded and mapped onto SMEP. We summarised fixation and recurrent return patterns and described time to first adaptive state as temporal context, defined as the session number from treatment onset in which Grief/Hurt, Assertive Anger, Self-Compassion or Acceptance and Agency first appeared.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Canonical SMEP dialectical cycles were observed but were commonly embedded within broader recurrent return patterns among early distress and evaluative states. The first adaptive state appeared at a median of Session 8.5. Chair work occurred in all cases and was first introduced between Sessions 3 and 11. Depressive symptoms and perceived stress decreased from pre-treatment to post-treatment on the CES-D and K-PSS-11.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings are hypothesis-generating and provide descriptive process markers for locating stalls and tracking adaptive-state emergence in clinical practice, without implying causal effects of specific tasks or timing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148386383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Impact of Adoption on Family Members and Relationships Within the Adoptive Family System","authors":"Rhiannon O'Marah,&nbsp;Suzanne Hodge,&nbsp;Laura L. Machin","doi":"10.1002/capr.70185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.70185","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Current adoption research has focused on the challenges adoptees face and their support needs. However, growing research has begun to explore the impact of these challenges on adoptive parents, finding that they often struggle with their own mental health and wellbeing, as well as with maintaining relationships both within and outside the adoptive family. Limited research has also shown that adoptive siblings can experience difficulties in response to the adoptee's needs, with their own needs sometimes overlooked.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To explore adoptive parents' experiences of how adoption impacted the mental health and wellbeing of individual family members and relationships within the family.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifteen adoptive parents were recruited via an email advertisement circulated through Adopters Advocacy network and invited to contact the researcher if interested in participation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five themes were generated: (1) the importance of external support networks for adoptive family functioning, (2) strain on couple relationships and parenting roles, (3) parent-child relationships and parental wellbeing, (4) adoptive parents' views on the complex role and wellbeing of adoptive siblings and (5) extended family relationships and understanding adoption.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings highlighted the challenges adoptive families face in maintaining the wellbeing of parents and siblings while supporting adoptees with trauma-related difficulties. Relational dynamics were also affected, with parents describing strain on the couple relationship, the parent–child bond and connections with extended family. Clinical implications and directions for future research are considered, including the need for holistic support that recognises the wellbeing of all family members, not only the adoptee.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/capr.70185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148386359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Representations of the Therapeutic Relationship with a Transgender Person Among Psychologists","authors":"Luce Descudet,&nbsp;Loé Arnaud,&nbsp;Solenne Roux,&nbsp;Alexandre Pascual,&nbsp;Grégory Gouyet,&nbsp;Katia M'bailara","doi":"10.1002/capr.70179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.70179","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The therapeutic relationship is a central component of psychotherapy and a well-established predictor of treatment outcomes. However, despite extensive research in this area, the therapeutic relationship in psychological care for minority populations, particularly transgender clients, remains largely unexplored. This study aims to explore French psychologists' social representations of the therapeutic relationship with a transgender person. To do so, we relied on Abric's Central Core Theory as our theoretical framework.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The data were collected from a sample of 55 psychologists. We used prototypical analysis to identify the structuration of social representations and their central core element.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, psychologists view this relationship as grounded in empathic and compassionate listening, while emphasising the importance of alliance and respectful posture. Furthermore, the social representations appeared multidimensional. Notably, no elements appeared in the first periphery, suggesting a weak or insufficiently stabilised structuring of this concept.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings highlight the ongoing conceptual challenges in defining and operationalising the therapeutic relationship in this context, underscoring the need for more precise clinical guidelines and training to support work with stigmatised populations, in particular transgender clients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148386137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Co-Constructive Life Narrative Interview Into Therapy: A Case Study of an Adolescent With Depressive Symptoms","authors":"M. Almeida,&nbsp;F. Salomé,&nbsp;M. R. Henriques","doi":"10.1002/capr.70169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.70169","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Presentation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This case study describes the therapeutic process with a 14 year-old adolescent girl (‘Mary’) in residential care who presented depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation and non-suicidal self-injury. Early sessions revealed rigid and problem-saturated narratives centred on abandonment, rejection and guilt.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Therapeutic Intervention</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We illustrate how the Co-Construction Life Narrative Interview with Adolescent (CLNIA; created by the authors, MA and MRH), an innovative narrative tool, was articulated with the Cognitive Narrative Therapy (CNT) to integrate the adverse experiences and support identity construction. CNT encourages the creation of new meanings for the lived experiences and the construction of narratives that are coherent, complex and multifaceted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Therapeutic Outcomes</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Throughout therapy, Mary showed significant improvements, including a decrease in non-suicidal self-injury, re-engagement in leisure activities and strengthening of interpersonal relationships. She increasingly demonstrated authorship over her life story, empowering herself to deal with challenges and gaining renewed motivation towards life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion and Clinical Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We discuss how CLNIA informed the following intervention plan using CNT and gave support and guidance for the further narrative work. We also discuss the therapeutic utility of CNT for identity exploration in adolescence. Finally, we highlight the potential of combining CNT with CLNIA to support adolescents to move from adverse experiences and traumatic narratives, and foster more creative, flexible and adaptive life narratives.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148386205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapists' Shared Traumatic Reality During War: Personal, Professional and Growth Factors","authors":"Maya Peled-Avram,&nbsp;Michal Toporek,&nbsp;Charles Figley,&nbsp;Ayelet Gur","doi":"10.1002/capr.70186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.70186","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a shared traumatic reality (STR), both therapists and clients experience collective trauma that affects the entire community. These circumstances disrupt the typical asymmetry of therapeutic relationships, creating intertwined personal and professional challenges for therapists.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite the growing body of literature on STR, the mechanisms that either exacerbate or alleviate therapists' psychological distress during prolonged armed conflict are not yet fully understood. This cross-sectional quantitative study investigated the effects of therapeutic work during the October 7th terrorist attack and the subsequent “Swords of Iron” war on Israeli therapists (<i>N</i> = 178).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In line with the “double exposure” premise of STR, we explored the relationship between post-traumatic stress and the personal trauma subscale of the Shared Trauma/Professional Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (STPPG), which measures how therapists activate their personal trauma in therapeutic settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Correlational analyses revealed that higher personal trauma scores were associated with increased post-traumatic stress. Moderation analyses indicated that the technique-specific subscale of the STPPG, which captures changes in professional boundaries and increased self-disclosure, intensified this relationship. Conversely, the professional post-traumatic growth subscale moderated this association in the opposite direction, rendering it non-significant at high levels of growth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings highlight the vulnerability of therapists within the STR context, underscoring the role of professional boundary maintenance and post-traumatic growth as factors that may attenuate the impact of personal trauma exposure on post-traumatic stress in the face of collective trauma.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/capr.70186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148386206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Becoming the Truest Version of Yourself’: The Experiences of Person-Centred Counsellors Working With Autistic People in Structured Primary Care Therapy Services","authors":"Dani Lewis,&nbsp;Paul K. Miller,&nbsp;Iain Dickie,&nbsp;Barry Ingham,&nbsp;Richard Thwaites,&nbsp;Dave Dagnan","doi":"10.1002/capr.70187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.70187","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Autistic people experience depression at a higher rate than those who are not autistic. In England, therapy for depression is primarily delivered through NHS Talking Therapies for anxiety and depression (NHS TTad) services. These services are highly structured and deliver evidence-based therapies; one of the evidence-based therapies delivered in these services is Person-Centred Experiential Counselling for Depression (PCE-CfD). There are no studies describing how PCE-CfD is offered to autistic people in NHS TTad. This paper presents the experience of six person-centred counsellors in working with autistic people in NHS TTad. Counsellors were interviewed and the interviews were analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Counsellors experience tensions between their identity as person-centred counsellors and a perceived and/or expected need to adapt to the needs of autistic people. This tension, and the ways in which counsellors respond and manage their responses, is evident across all emerging themes. The results are discussed in the context of the literature on counselling with autistic people. Implications for future research and counsellor training are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/capr.70187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148386493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) in Self-Harm Behaviours: A Systematic Review","authors":"Sue Ern Tan,&nbsp;Asmah Ismail,&nbsp;Maizatul Mardiana Harun","doi":"10.1002/capr.70164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.70164","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Self-harm is a worldwide public health concern with negative long-term consequences. In recent years, a growing body of research has highlighted the role of cognitive vulnerability in the development of self-harm behaviours. Emerging evidence indicates that an early maladaptive schema (EMS) developed during childhood is associated with self-harm behaviours. Understanding the complex role of EMS in the development and maintenance of self-harm is essential for early identification and targeted preventive strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review aimed to investigate the influence of EMS on self-harm.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Guided by the PRISMA framework, research published between 2020 and 2025 was determined through a systematic search of Scopus and Web of Science. Following rigorous screening and eligibility procedures, ten studies were selected for qualitative analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The review demonstrated that individuals with self-harm behaviour consistently reported significantly elevated EMS scores compared to those without such a history. Rumination, depression and emotional dysregulation mediate the association between EMS and self-harm behaviour. This review also suggests incorporating schema strategies, mindfulness and cognitive restructuring into self-harm interventions to address cognitive vulnerabilities effectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion &amp; Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings highlight the importance of targeting EMS to mitigate self-harm behaviours, particularly in early identification and preventive intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148386790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are We Practicing Deliberately? — Assessment of Deliberate Practice in Psychotherapy","authors":"Stefan Blümel,&nbsp;Charlotte Schmidt-Pleines,&nbsp;Magdalena Pape,&nbsp;Sabine Steins-Loeber","doi":"10.1002/capr.70181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.70181","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Deliberate Practice (DP) is a promising approach to improve psychotherapy outcomes and skill acquisition. Based on theoretically derived core components of DP in psychotherapy, the aim of this study is to develop assessment instruments for measuring behaviours related to and attitudes towards DP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two item sets were generated associated to DP's core components in psychotherapy and characteristics of DP. Two exploratory factor analyses were conducted to develop two scales (DP Behaviours [DPB] and DP Attitudes [DPA]). Data were collected from prospective psychotherapists in Germany (<i>N</i> = 199). Furthermore, in a subsample (<i>N</i> = 138) construct validity was tested using correlational analysis with convergent and discriminant constructs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The analysis supported a two-factor structure (<i>activities</i> and <i>feedback and expert involvement</i>) for and construct validity of the DPB scale, indicating associations in expected directions. For the DPA scale, one factor emerged indicating a generalised attitude towards excellence and improvement. Construct validity was partially supported, with convergent correlations in expected directions, but inconsistencies regarding discriminant validity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The scales developed in this study demonstrate potential for linking self-assessments of DP to psychotherapy outcomes. Future research needs to consider the predictive validity of DP's core components in relation to psychotherapy outcomes and broader factors influencing DPB and DPA, such as a culture of excellence or trusting and healthy relationships with experts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/capr.70181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison Efficacy of Internet-Based Unified Protocol Transdiagnostic Intervention and Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy on the Depression, Anxiety, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder of Women With Threatened Abortion: A Randomised Controlled Trial","authors":"Seyedeh Mahboobeh Mirtabar,&nbsp;Shahnaz Barat,&nbsp;Farzan Kheirkhah,&nbsp;Amrollah Mostafazadeh,&nbsp;Hoda Shirafkan,&nbsp;Zeinab Pahlavan,&nbsp;Mahbobeh Faramarzi","doi":"10.1002/capr.70173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.70173","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Threatened abortion is a common complication of pregnancy that is associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. Psychotherapy can be an effective intervention for managing psychiatric disorders related to threatened abortion (TA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assessed the effect of internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) and Internet-based unified protocol (iUP) on depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in women with TA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This comparative effectiveness randomised controlled trial compared two internet-based psychotherapies (iUP vs. iCBT). Participants were 116 pregnant women with TA who were clinically diagnosed with depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Participants were selected from the Obstetric Clinic of a referral hospital in Babol City, Iran. Both interventions consisted of 8 weeks with 45 min internet-based psychotherapy sessions. The primary outcome was depression, while secondary outcomes included anxiety, obsession-compulsion, and emotion regulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both Specific iUP and iCBT significantly reduced the depression, emotion regulation, anxiety, and OCD symptoms in women with TA after treatment, and the symptom improvement was unchanged 3 months post-treatment. Also, after the therapy and at 3-month follow-up, iUP improvements were not inferior to iCBT for decreasing anxiety, depression, and OCD symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Internet-based unified transdiagnostic therapy is a comparably safe and effective alternative to specific iCBT therapies in women experiencing threatened abortion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials number: IRCT20110228005931N13. Registration date: 2023-04-13</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Makes Text-Based Online Chat Work? Communication Features of Effective Chat Helpers' Responses to Chat Users","authors":"Gerard Siew Keong Chung,&nbsp;Tse Min Lim","doi":"10.1002/capr.70166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.70166","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Text-based online chat (TBC) offers accessible mental health support for youths and young persons who may avoid traditional face-to-face services. While research demonstrates TBC's effectiveness, limited studies examine which specific chat helpers' communication features contribute to positive outcomes. This study identified textual and linguistic characteristics of chat helpers' responses associated with chat users' perceptions of service usefulness in an online synchronous text-based chat service in Singapore.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed 1062 chat sessions from youths and young persons aged 12–25 years collected between 2016 and 2020. We examined 26 communication features used by chat helpers including emoticon use, affective language, session duration, response lag time, four types of social support (emotional, informational, esteem, network), pronoun usage patterns, politeness markers, question frequency, linguistic complexity measures and superlatives. Analyses included univariate logistic regression and Latent Profile Analysis to identify communication styles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eleven communication features significantly predicted positive outcomes. Emoticon use showed the strongest effect (7.3 percentage point increase), followed by affective language (6.4 points) and session duration (4.1 points). Three social support types were effective: network support (4.0 points), esteem support (3.8 points) and emotional support (2.7 points). Linguistic features including superlatives and words per sentence also predicted success. First-person pronouns used by chat helpers showed negative effects. Three distinct communication profiles emerged, with ‘Emotionally Expressive’ and ‘Inquiry-Driven’ styles achieving at least 86.6% success rates compared to 79.3% for ‘Typical’ style.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Effective TBC requires specific text-based skills including emotional expression through emoticons and affective language, and providing social support. Training programmes should develop these competencies while allowing for different communication styles such as emotionally expressive or inquiry-driven approaches.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46997,"journal":{"name":"Counselling & Psychotherapy Research","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/capr.70166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}