Case Studies on Transport Policy最新文献_第7页

Access to public transportation at the regional scale: An analysis of bus services in Minas Gerais State, Brazil

IF 2.4

Case Studies on Transport Policy Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101348

Elías Gálvez-Arango

{"title":"Access to public transportation at the regional scale: An analysis of bus services in Minas Gerais State, Brazil","authors":"Elías Gálvez-Arango","doi":"10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regional public transportation is a critical service that connects rural and urban dwellers to a wide variety of economic, educational, medical, and recreational opportunities outside of their communities. In contrast to the many studies on public transportation access at the local scale, regional-scale studies remain rare, especially in the Global South. To address this knowledge gap, this study examines access to the regional bus system of Minas Gerais state, Brazil via a new index adapted to the minimal data typically available at the regional scale. Within Minas Gerais, major urban areas and some of their neighboring municipalities had the highest levels of bus access. Conversely, 49 of 853 municipalities (5.7%) lacked access to the regional bus system entirely. These inaccessible municipalities had smaller populations and were located on or near state borders, while municipalities with high levels of transportation access tended to have higher population densities, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and concentrations of paved highways. These results confirm that regional bus access is associated with the demographic, economic, infrastructure, and spatial characteristics of municipalities. Ultimately, this study reveals significant disparities in regional bus access throughout Minas Gerais, providing a foundation for further research on transportation accessibility and mobility in Brazil while demonstrating methods suitable for analyzing regional transportation access in low-data contexts around the world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46989,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies on Transport Policy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A systematic review of the pollution and health impacts of low emission zones

IF 2.4

Case Studies on Transport Policy Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101340

Stan Broster, Kathryn Terzano

{"title":"A systematic review of the pollution and health impacts of low emission zones","authors":"Stan Broster, Kathryn Terzano","doi":"10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air pollution is one of the most significant issues that urban areas face, with 7 million mortalities worldwide each year as a result (<span><span>UN, 2023</span></span>). Different policies have been introduced to mitigate the emissions of harmful pollutants through a variety of means, including Low Emission Zones (LEZs), which have been introduced in cities to reduce the number of journeys made by highly polluting vehicles. This study uses two robust regression models to answer two research questions related to the key metrics of pollutant concentrations and long-term health benefits following LEZ implementations. The two pollutants, Nitrogen Dioxide (N<em>O</em><sub>2</sub>) and Fine Particulate Matter (<em>PM</em><sub>2.5</sub>), were examined with the “openair” software in R, which is used to analyse trends in air pollution. The impact that different policies have on several health metrics were also examined through data collated from literature reviews. The results obtained after analysing London’s LEZ (2008) and ULEZ (2019) were then used to evaluate the viability of Manchester’s Clean Air Plan. The results show that there is statistically significant evidence of LEZs curbing pollution levels, which in turn contributes to long-term health benefits. It is concluded that the current trajectory of Manchester’s air pollution policy, which falls short of having an LEZ, is likely not impactful enough on pollutant concentrations and health, especially in relation to <em>PM</em><sub>2.5</sub> levels. Future research at planned time intervals is suggested for modelling the extent of the impact of Manchester’s Clean Air Plan. However, results demonstrate the importance of curving harmful pollutants, which should be taken into consideration by policy makers in other cities as well.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46989,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies on Transport Policy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Swiss highway project cost estimate performance: Deviations from norms and expected trends

IF 2.4

Case Studies on Transport Policy Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101344

David Zani, Bryan T. Adey

{"title":"Swiss highway project cost estimate performance: Deviations from norms and expected trends","authors":"David Zani, Bryan T. Adey","doi":"10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cost overruns in construction projects are a common issue internationally, and project cost performance in individual countries varies considerably. Countries that lack systematic project data may rely on foreign data for informing cost estimating practices and norms, which may lead to errors. This study considered the case of Switzerland, a country with limited research on construction project cost performance. Swiss highway construction projects were analysed to assess the accuracy of cost estimating methods and norms. Different factors influencing cost overruns were considered: project size, type, planning duration, start year, and historical policy changes. The results revealed that the general patterns of cost overruns observed internationally do not apply to Switzerland: projects tend to overrun estimated costs during the planning phase but underrun during the construction phase, leading to accurate overall cost estimates (4.7% median overrun). Projects exhibited large and asymmetrical cost accuracy ranges throughout the planning and construction phases. These results deviate from expectations set in norms and comparable international project data. Based on these findings, the study challenges the effectiveness of current Swiss cost estimating norms, suggesting a need for more country-specific data analysis and policy development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46989,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies on Transport Policy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How to calculate GHG emissions in freight transport? A review of the main existing online tools

IF 2.4

Case Studies on Transport Policy Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101343

Erika Olivari , Claudia Caballini , Xavier Lluch

{"title":"How to calculate GHG emissions in freight transport? A review of the main existing online tools","authors":"Erika Olivari , Claudia Caballini , Xavier Lluch","doi":"10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>About 23 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions are caused by the transportation sector. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development freight transport-related demand in 2050 is expected to triple compared to the values recorded in 2019. In order to comply with regulations that aim to meet precise targets in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, it is necessary to objectively measure the impact of transportation activities with the aim of mitigating emissions. To do this, it is mandatory to have accurate and user-friendly calculation tools. The purpose of this paper is to compare the most widely used tools to assess CO<sub>2</sub>e transport emissions in transportation, also comparing them to the GLEC methodology, which is compliant with ISO regulations universally recognized as the most appropriate procedure. 3 case studies related to intermodal transport scenarios are assessed and compared using the considered tools. Based on the analyses performed, this research finally proposes some recommendations for reliable calculation of CO<sub>2</sub>e emissions, in compliance with ISO 14083.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46989,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies on Transport Policy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Game Theory-Based shore power Analysis: From the perspective of policy makers

IF 2.4

Case Studies on Transport Policy Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101341

Suyang Wang , Xuejun Feng , Yiqiang Peng , Haipeng Wang , Yan Zhang

{"title":"Game Theory-Based shore power Analysis: From the perspective of policy makers","authors":"Suyang Wang , Xuejun Feng , Yiqiang Peng , Haipeng Wang , Yan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With growing concerns about ship emissions in port areas, access to shore power for berthed ships has become a critical component of green shipping initiatives. However, conflicting stakeholder interests pose challenges to the construction and promotion of shore power infrastructure. This paper analyzes the behavioral strategies of governments, port operators, and shipping companies by developing game models for these actors under three different policy scenarios: government non-intervention, mandatory measures such as emission taxes, and government subsidies. To quantify the impact of ship emissions on these interactions, an exhaust emission calculation model for berthed ships is developed based on the STEAM2 model and a localized database of emission correction factors for inland areas. The container terminal at Nanjing Port Longtan Harbor is used as a case study, where ship exhaust emissions are monetized as a social cost, taking into account the socio-economic context of the region. The findings indicate that under scenarios of government non-intervention and emission taxes, equilibrium strategies do not achieve optimal socio-economic benefits for the government. In contrast, under a subsidy policy, a well-calibrated subsidy can align the interests of the government, port operators and shipping companies to facilitate the implementation of shore power projects. This study provides valuable decision support for government policies related to shore power infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46989,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies on Transport Policy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can emerging mobility solutions complement public transport and lead to a sustainable future?: A case study on Regensburg, Germany

IF 2.4

Case Studies on Transport Policy Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101338

Santhanakrishnan Narayanan , Juan Pablo Rendon Arango , Athina Tympakianaki , Rodric Frederix , Constantinos Antoniou

{"title":"Can emerging mobility solutions complement public transport and lead to a sustainable future?: A case study on Regensburg, Germany","authors":"Santhanakrishnan Narayanan , Juan Pablo Rendon Arango , Athina Tympakianaki , Rodric Frederix , Constantinos Antoniou","doi":"10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Different mobility solutions are emerging to cope up with the expansion of cities. This paper describes the methodology and the results of a case study on Regensburg (a historical city in Germany), focusing on the evaluation of dedicated bus lanes and shared mobility services. The methodological framework has been designed by adapting a four-step transport model and its extension based on an intermediate modelling approach. Results show that the dedicated bus lanes lead to a mode shift of around 1.6% from car modes to Public Transport (PT) and an emission reduction of 3.25% to 6.65%. The results related to shared mobility services convey that they have the potential to reduce private car-ownership. However, the mode shift pattern between bike-sharing and PT is of concern. To enable complementary effects, rather than a substitution pattern, there is a need for proper integration between the two. Furthermore, higher increases in the bike-sharing fleet size lead to larger reductions in car ownership among households with multiple cars, while the car-sharing service result in greater reductions among single-car households. Therefore, bike-sharing and car-sharing services should be designed to target different demand segments. Integrating these services within a MaaS platform would better serve a diverse set of individuals. To conclude, the modelling concepts and the results can support other cities, especially small- and medium-sized ones, to shape their mobility plans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46989,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies on Transport Policy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Freight rail transportation and inflation: Analysis of the 2022 Mexican economic regulatory Directives

IF 2.4

Case Studies on Transport Policy Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101339

Benjamin Aleman-Castilla

{"title":"Freight rail transportation and inflation: Analysis of the 2022 Mexican economic regulatory Directives","authors":"Benjamin Aleman-Castilla","doi":"10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the role of rail transport in Mexican inflation within the post-COVID-19 economic context, addressing critical empirical and geographical gaps in the literature. While previous related studies have largely focused on the role of maritime transport on inflation, this research examines the specific contributions of rail freight. Leveraging industry-level data from the Input-Output Matrix (IOM), the study offers a novel analysis of the significance of rail transport in Mexico’s production processes. The findings reveal that rail accounts for only 5% of intermediate transport demand, making it less dominant compared to road and air freight. The study also analyzes pricing dynamics of Mexican rail freight relative to North American railroads. While Mexican railroads generally charge higher rates, these align with industry averages when adjusted for freight composition, country-specific characteristics, and cross-border acquisitions. Econometric methods, including panel-data stationarity, cointegration, and Granger causality tests, demonstrate a stronger long-term relationship between rail rates and producer prices than with consumer prices. This indicates that rail rates respond to producer prices rather than causing inflationary pressures. Key policy recommendations emphasize the creation of a publicly available, anonymized carload waybill sample to improve regulatory oversight, enable evidence-based policymaking, and address structural challenges in the Mexican rail sector. These findings have broader implications for enhancing economic regulation and transport policy to ensure stability and competitiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46989,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies on Transport Policy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Health and financial vulnerability among motorcycle-taxi drivers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

IF 2.4

Case Studies on Transport Policy Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101337

Enock Mwakalila

{"title":"Health and financial vulnerability among motorcycle-taxi drivers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","authors":"Enock Mwakalila","doi":"10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the vulnerability among population groups in Tanzania. The study analyzed vulnerability status during the pandemic using motorcycle-taxi drivers for the case study since they are one of the vulnerable groups to the COVID-19 crisis and commonly excluded from or underserved by social protection. The field survey was conducted in the Dar es Salaam region across five districts (Kinondoni, Ilala, Temeke, Kigamboni, and Ubungo). Seven (7) enumerators administered the structured questionnaires to interview 462 respondents. The researcher analyzed data using descriptive statistics, frequency tables, and charts to analyze the financial vulnerability status of motorcycle taxi drivers. The study employs the logistic regression model (logistic transformation of the odds) for health vulnerability. The results suggest that the likelihood of motorcycle taxi drivers getting sick from COVID-19 increases with the number of passengers in contact, age, and if they rarely wear a mask. The Tanzanian government can use the study results to understand better the vulnerability issues related to motorcycle taxis in Tanzania and formulate practices and policies to minimize their vulnerability and maximize their benefits. This will include raising awareness of Covid-19 and precautions measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46989,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies on Transport Policy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gravity models of airfreight exports during the pre-COVID era: Evidence from New Zealand

IF 2.4

Case Studies on Transport Policy Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101336

Kan Wai Hong Tsui, Huan Wang, Yan Liu

{"title":"Gravity models of airfreight exports during the pre-COVID era: Evidence from New Zealand","authors":"Kan Wai Hong Tsui, Huan Wang, Yan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines key determinants of New Zealand’s airfreight exports to its key overseas trading partners by empirically estimating augmented gravity models using panel from 2015 to 2018. Consistent estimation results were obtained from static panel-IV gravity model and dynamic panel data GMM mode specifications. The estimation results confirm that GDP per capita and population size of New Zealand’s key trading partners have positive impacts on the gross weight and value of airfreight exports. Scheduled air cargo capacity had limited positive effects on airfreight export weight and value. Alongside findings that the gross weight of airfreight exports was sensitive to transport costs, and the gross value of airfreight exports were sensitive to flying distance and exchange rate, respectively. Dynamic model specifications further suggest persistent trading patterns in airfreight exports. Overall, our analysis suggests that in order to further grow the airfreight export sector in New Zealand, it is important to increase air cargo capacity and reduce transport costs in a sustainable manner, especially at existing hub airports in New Zealand that providing services to both passenger aircraft and freighters. Major aviation and trade liberalisation efforts are called for in facilitating New Zealand’s airfreight exports and air cargo operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46989,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies on Transport Policy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the operational and economic impact of the introduction of S-100 and e-Navigation within shipping companies 评估航运公司采用 S-100 和电子导航对运营和经济的影响

IF 2.4

Case Studies on Transport Policy Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101331

Davide Giglio , Valentino Palma , Alessio Tei

{"title":"Evaluating the operational and economic impact of the introduction of S-100 and e-Navigation within shipping companies","authors":"Davide Giglio , Valentino Palma , Alessio Tei","doi":"10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>New navigational concepts and standards have recently emerged, including the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) e-Navigation and the International Hydrographic Organization’s (IHO) S-100. These technologies have the potential to revolutionize shipping operations by enhancing efficiency and promoting environmental sustainability. A comprehensive study was conducted to assess the potential impact of e-Navigation on shipping companies, with a particular emphasis on the perspectives of Hydrographic Offices (HOs). The analysis is predicated on a survey that was conducted by HOs in 43 distinct countries. As they have accumulated a wealth of knowledge and experience in the development of S-100, HOs are uniquely positioned to evaluate the practical implications of these technologies. The S-100 framework was specifically examined as a case study within the broader context of e-Navigation in order to develop a more profound comprehension of its applications and impact. The insights obtained from this study can be used by policymakers to develop regulations and frameworks that facilitate the adoption of e-Navigation technologies, thereby guaranteeing the sustainable and efficient evolution of the maritime industry. The operational implications of navigational technologies are assessed in this study, which is a critical resource for policymakers, institutions, and shipping companies to inform future decision-making. Stakeholders can more effectively navigate the future of shipping operations by incorporating e-Navigation operational insights into maritime policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46989,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies on Transport Policy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0