Biofuel Research Journal-BRJ最新文献_第7页

Effect of oxy-fuel combustion on ash deposition of pulverized wood pellets 氧燃料燃烧对木屑颗粒灰沉积的影响

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Biofuel Research Journal-BRJ Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.18331/BRJ2019.6.1.4

Khalidah Al-Qayim, W. Nimmo, Kevin J. Hughe, M. Pourkashanian

{"title":"Effect of oxy-fuel combustion on ash deposition of pulverized wood pellets","authors":"Khalidah Al-Qayim, W. Nimmo, Kevin J. Hughe, M. Pourkashanian","doi":"10.18331/BRJ2019.6.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18331/BRJ2019.6.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Biomass is a clean alternative fuel to coal in terms of carbon, NOx, and SO2 emissions in the power generation sector. However, ash deposition problems have been a concern with biomass fuels due to the high alkali and residual sulphur contents in the ash forming particles. In this study, the influence of oxy-fuel firing conditions of wood pellets combustion on ash partitioning and deposit formation, were investigated experimentally on a 250-kW pilot scale pulverized furnace and theoretically through chemical equilibrium modelling using the FactSage program. Oxy-fuel combustion case was compared with air-fuel case in this assessment. The results of this study showed that wood pellets had a low tendency for radiation zone slagging, but, had a high fouling tendency in the convective passes. It is possible that oxy-fuel combustion inhibited the release of volatile elements to the gas phase in the initial stages of the combustion, thus reducing the alkali sulphates slagging, increasing however, the alkali sulphate fouling tendencies on the convective passes. Moreover, the effect of the oxy-fuel environment on the ash formation was significant. The chemical equilibrium modelling showed reasonable predictions of the ash behaviour of wood pellets in terms of alkali behaviour and explained to some extent the influence of the oxy environment on ash deposit formation.","PeriodicalId":46938,"journal":{"name":"Biofuel Research Journal-BRJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45538294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Corrigendum to “First-order estimates of the costs, input-output energy analysis, and energy returns on investment of conventional and emerging biofuels feedstocks” [Biofuel Res J 5 (4) (2018) 894-899] “传统和新兴生物燃料原料的成本、投入产出能源分析和投资能源回报的一阶估计”的勘误表[生物燃料研究J 5 (4) (2018) 894-899]

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Biofuel Research Journal-BRJ Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.18331/BRJ2019.6.1.6

K. Christiansen, D. R. Raman, Guiping Hu, R. Anex

引用次数: 0

Editorial Board 编辑委员会

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Biofuel Research Journal-BRJ Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.18331/brj2019.6.1.1

引用次数: 0

Stirred and non-stirred lignin solvolysis with formic acid in aqueous and ethanolic solvent systems at different levels of loading in a 5-L reactor 在5L反应器中，在不同负载水平的水性和乙醇溶剂系统中，搅拌和非搅拌木质素与甲酸的溶剂解

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Biofuel Research Journal-BRJ Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.18331/BRJ2019.6.1.5

S. Ghoreishi, T. Barth, Hailegebrel Derribsa

{"title":"Stirred and non-stirred lignin solvolysis with formic acid in aqueous and ethanolic solvent systems at different levels of loading in a 5-L reactor","authors":"S. Ghoreishi, T. Barth, Hailegebrel Derribsa","doi":"10.18331/BRJ2019.6.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18331/BRJ2019.6.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Lignin polymer is biologically and chemically stable and requires highly vigorous conditions for de-polymerization, and subsequent stabilization of the monomeric conversion products to prevent re-polymerization and char production. The Lignin-to-Liquid (LtL) process is a solvolytic conversion of lignin with formic acid. Formic acid has been shown to both catalyze the de-polymerization and supply hydrogen that stabilizes the de-polymerization products. In this paper, lignin from Eucalyptus wood was used as the feedstock, and the LtL-process was performed in both aqueous and ethanolic solvent systems. The experimental variables were different levels of loading in the reactor, stirred and non-stirred conditions, and different reaction temperatures. The bio-oil consisted mostly of phenolic compounds, and the bio-oil yields differed with type of the solvent used, level of loading in the reactor, stirring condition, and operating temperature. More than 55 wt.% of the lignin was recovered as bio-oil at 320 °C at stirred conditions when the reactor was loaded at high level. Overall, the ethanolic solvent together with maximum level of loading in the reactor under stirred condition resulted in the highest bio-oil yield. Elemental balance data for bio-oil and char yields and the molecular composition of the bio-oils were also investigated using, respectively, elemental analysis and GC-MS. Finally, principal component analysis was used as well to systematically explore the relationship between the bio-oil and char yields and the reaction conditions.","PeriodicalId":46938,"journal":{"name":"Biofuel Research Journal-BRJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44274322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Trilateral correlation of spray characteristics, combustion parameters, and deposit formation in the injector hole of a diesel engine running on preheated Jatropha oil and fossil diesel fuel 以预热麻风树油和化石柴油为燃料的柴油机喷油孔喷射特性、燃烧参数和沉积物形成的三边关联

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Biofuel Research Journal-BRJ Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.18331/BRJ2019.6.1.2

A. Hoang, A. Le

{"title":"Trilateral correlation of spray characteristics, combustion parameters, and deposit formation in the injector hole of a diesel engine running on preheated Jatropha oil and fossil diesel fuel","authors":"A. Hoang, A. Le","doi":"10.18331/BRJ2019.6.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18331/BRJ2019.6.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The long term use of pure vegetable oil in diesel engines should be thoroughly evaluated from different perspectives including engine performance, deposit formation, etc. to ensure its compatibility. In line with that, the trilateral correlation of spray characteristics, combustion parameters, and deposit formation in the injector hole of a high-speed, 4-stroke, direct injection diesel engine fueled with pure Jatropha oil and diesel fuel (DF) was studied. Jatropha oil was investogated at room temperature 30 oC (PSJO30) and in preheated form at 90 oC (PSJO90). The expertimental tests were conducted in two phases: (i)- investigation of the spray characteristics of the fuels including cone angle and penetration length at 200 bar of injection pressure, (ii)- investigation of the combustion characteristics (i.e., thermal efficiency and engine emissions) and deposits formation in the injector hole of the diesel engine at 0 h and 300 h of operation. The results obtained showed large differences between the spray characteristics of PJO30 and the other fuels investigated. Moreover, this fuel led to significant reductions in NOx emissions (14.69-20.30%) and thermal efficiency (3.04-4.41%) but large increases in CO emissions (26.36-77.57%), HC emissions (48.98-77.85%), and smoke (58.43-131.71%). It also resulted in huge deposits formed in the injector hole after 300 h of the endurance test compared to DF and PJO90 as revealed by optical observations using scanning electron microscopy analysis. Overall and compared to DF, PSJO30 cannot be recommemded for long term use in diesel engines while PSJO90 may only be considered as an alternative fuel in the short term.","PeriodicalId":46938,"journal":{"name":"Biofuel Research Journal-BRJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43705225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 54

An overview of catalysts in biomass pyrolysis for production of biofuels 生物质热解生产生物燃料的催化剂综述

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Biofuel Research Journal-BRJ Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.18331/BRJ2018.5.4.2

A. A. Imran, E. Bramer, K. Seshan, G. Brem

{"title":"An overview of catalysts in biomass pyrolysis for production of biofuels","authors":"A. A. Imran, E. Bramer, K. Seshan, G. Brem","doi":"10.18331/BRJ2018.5.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18331/BRJ2018.5.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"In-situ catalytic pyrolysis of biomass has been extensively studied in recent years for cost-competitive production of high quality bio-oil. To achieve that, numerous catalysts have been studied to facilitate in-situ upgrading of low-grade condensable vapors (bio-oil) by converting oxygenated compounds and large-molecule species. In this review, these catalysts are categorized in different families and a systematic evaluation of the catalyst effects on pyrolysis products and their characteristics is carried out with respect to the scale of the experimental setup. Among these catalysts, microporous zeolites are considered as most promising in terms of performance and the potential to tailor the desired bio-oil properties. More specifically, the prominent advantages of zeolites include efficient deoxygenation and molecular weight reduction of the resultant bio-oil, while the main drawbacks are decreases in the yield of bio-oil’s organic phase and catalyst deactivation by coke deposition. In addition to the zeolite-based catalysts, other catalysts including mesoporous aluminosilicates, a widely-applied class of catalysts used for deoxygenation of bio-oil as well as alkaline compounds are also reviewed and discussed herein. The research on the latter has not been extensive but the preliminary results have revealed their potential for deoxygenation of bio-oil, production of hydrocarbons, and reduction of undesired compounds. Nevertheless, these catalysts need to be further investigated systematically. Overall, further development of dedicated catalysts for selective deoxygenation and cracking of bio-oil would be essential for scaling up the existing pyrolysis technologies to achieve commercial production of biofuels through pyrolysis.","PeriodicalId":46938,"journal":{"name":"Biofuel Research Journal-BRJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44562185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 51

Editorial Board 编辑委员会

IF 13

Biofuel Research Journal-BRJ Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.18331/brj2018.5.4.1

引用次数: 0

An experimental investigation on the long-term compatibility of preheated crude palm oil in a large compression ignition diesel engine 预热棕榈油在大型压燃式柴油机中长期相容性的实验研究

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Biofuel Research Journal-BRJ Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.18331/BRJ2018.5.4.5

E. Pipitone, Antonio Costanza

{"title":"An experimental investigation on the long-term compatibility of preheated crude palm oil in a large compression ignition diesel engine","authors":"E. Pipitone, Antonio Costanza","doi":"10.18331/BRJ2018.5.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18331/BRJ2018.5.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental study was carried out on a large stationary compression ignition engine to evaluate the long-term compatibility and durability issues associated with the use of crude palm oil as fuel. Two different preheating temperatures (60 and 80 °C) were adopted to assess the potential improvements related to lower fuel viscosity. The results obtained, in terms of in-cylinder carbon deposits and engine wear, were compared with the results obtained using ordinary diesel fuel. For each fuel and preheating temperature, the engine was operated for 300 consecutive h, during which several engine lubricant samples were collected and analysed to determine soot and fuel contaminations, viscosity alterations, and the presence of different wear-related metals (measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy). At the end of each 300 h endurance test, the carbon deposits were scraped from engine cylinders and examined through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found that the use of crude palm oil caused a remarkable increment of in-cylinder deposits formation compared with ordinary diesel. The lubricant analysis also revealed a faster viscosity degradation and consequent stronger engine wear, above all with the lower preheating temperature. The results obtained confirmed that continuous engine operation (i.e., without a complete lubricant change) should be carefully reduced when fuelling with crude palm oil. Moreover, the findings obtained herein confirmed the favourable impacts of fuel preheating at 80 °C compared to 60 °C, i.e., reduced carbon deposits by 27% and extended engine operation time by 30%.","PeriodicalId":46938,"journal":{"name":"Biofuel Research Journal-BRJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44159093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

First-order estimates of the costs, input-output energy analysis, and energy returns on investment of conventional and emerging biofuels feedstocks 传统和新兴生物燃料原料投资成本、投入产出能源分析和能源回报的一阶估计

IF 13

Biofuel Research Journal-BRJ Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.18331/BRJ2018.5.4.4

K. Christiansen, D. R. Raman, Guiping Hu, R. Anex

{"title":"First-order estimates of the costs, input-output energy analysis, and energy returns on investment of conventional and emerging biofuels feedstocks","authors":"K. Christiansen, D. R. Raman, Guiping Hu, R. Anex","doi":"10.18331/BRJ2018.5.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18331/BRJ2018.5.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Here we report on a static, algebraic, spreadsheet-implemented modeling approach to estimate the costs, energy inputs and outputs, and global warming potential of biomass feedstocks. Inputs to the model included literature sourced data for: environmental factors, crop physiological-parameters such as radiation use efficiency and water use efficiency, and crop cost components. Using an energy-input-output life-cycle-assessment approach, we calculated the energy associated with each cost component, allowing an estimate of the total energy required to produce the crop and fuel alongside the energy return on investment. We did this for crop scenarios in the upper Midwest US and Far West US (for algae). Our results suggested that algae are capable of the highest areal biomass production rates of 120 MG/(ha·a), ten times greater than Maize. Algal fuel systems had the highest costs, ranging from 28 to 65 US $/GJ, compared to 17 US $/GJ for Maize ethanol. Algal fuel systems had the lowest energy returns on investment, nearly 0, compared to 25 for Switchgrass to ethanol. The carbon equivalent emissions associated with the production schemes predictions ranged from 40 (Maize) to 180 (algae PBR) CO2eq/GJnet. The promise of low cost fuel and carbon neutrality from algae is demonstrated here to be extremely challenging for fundamental reasons related to the capital-intensive nature of the cultivation system.","PeriodicalId":46938,"journal":{"name":"Biofuel Research Journal-BRJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45995087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Novel synthesis of Lewis and Bronsted acid sites incorporated CS-Fe3O4@SO3H catalyst and its application in one-pot synthesis of tri(furyl)methane under aqueous media 引入CS-Fe3O4@SO3H催化剂的Lewis和Bronsted酸位合成新方法及其在水介质中一锅合成三(糠基)甲烷中的应用

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Biofuel Research Journal-BRJ Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.18331/BRJ2018.5.4.3

Priyanka Raju Thombal, S. Han

{"title":"Novel synthesis of Lewis and Bronsted acid sites incorporated CS-Fe3O4@SO3H catalyst and its application in one-pot synthesis of tri(furyl)methane under aqueous media","authors":"Priyanka Raju Thombal, S. Han","doi":"10.18331/BRJ2018.5.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18331/BRJ2018.5.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"A sustainable chitosan (CS)-derived magnetic solid acid catalyst (CS-Fe3O4@SO3H) incorporated by Lewis and Bronsted acid sites was synthesized in an eco-friendly manner through the preloading of iron on CS and one-pot low-temperature carbonization/sulfonation. The carbonization/sulfonation of CS-Fe3O4 using p-Toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) at 140 oC resulted in the loss of ammonia in some extent and provided bifunctional sites on the catalyst. This heterogeneous catalyst was found to be highly selective for the conversion of xylose and arabinose to furfural (FF) and subsequent tri(furyl)methane (TFM) formation by the condensation with furan in the same reaction vessel without any purification. The outcome of optimization under different reaction parameters showed that only 20 wt.% of CS-Fe3O4@SO3H catalyst resulted in 81% TFM yield from xylose while arabinose gave a 70% TFM yield in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO):water with high selectivity. This green protocol provides an easy isolation of products and minimizes the formation of polymerized by-products. The catalyst can be readily recovered and efficiently reused for three consecutive catalytic cycles without any significant loss on product yields.","PeriodicalId":46938,"journal":{"name":"Biofuel Research Journal-BRJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46774816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12