Health Economics Review最新文献

{"title":"Can public hospital reform reduce medical resource mismatches? Evidence from China.","authors":"Yulin Chai, Ying Liu, Shanna Li, Linlin Zhang, Dan Chen, Wenqiang Yin, Lin Guo","doi":"10.1186/s13561-024-00567-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-024-00567-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The mismatch of medical resources is a significant issue in global healthcare, undermining both service accessibility and system efficiency. In China, despite the implementation of the \"Healthy China\" strategy, persistent mismatches remain due to factors such as industrialization, urbanization, and population aging. This study empirically evaluates the impact of Public Hospital Reform (PHR) on mitigating these mismatches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A Difference-in-Differences (DD) approach is applied to panel data from 300 cities spanning 2010 to 2021, using the phased implementation of PHR as a quasi-natural experiment. This allows for a comparative analysis of changes in resource allocation between cities that adopted the reform and those that did not. Quantile regression assesses the effects of PHR across varying levels of resource mismatch, while mechanism tests investigate how PHR influences mismatches through cost reduction and supply expansion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PHR is found to reduce medical resource mismatches by 13.9%, primarily driven by cost reductions and increased resource supply. The effects are more pronounced at both lower and higher levels of mismatch, with a limited impact at mid-levels. Furthermore, the reform's effectiveness diminishes as it is extended to more cities, suggesting a potential saturation effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that PHR significantly alleviates medical resource mismatches in China. The findings underscore the need to focus on cost control and resource supply in future healthcare reforms, providing key insights for policymakers in developing countries facing similar healthcare resource challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":46936,"journal":{"name":"Health Economics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waiting times spillovers in a National Health Service hospital network: a little organizational diversity can go a long way.","authors":"Joana Daniela Ferreira Cima, Alvaro Fernando Santos Almeida","doi":"10.1186/s13561-024-00555-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13561-024-00555-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The objective of this study is to assess if waiting times for elective surgeries within the Portuguese National Health Service (NHS) are influenced by the waiting times at neighboring hospitals. Recognizing these interdependencies, and their extent, is crucial for understanding how hospital network dynamics affect healthcare delivery efficiency and patient access.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized patient-level data from all elective surgeries conducted in Portuguese NHS hospitals to estimate a hospital-specific index for waiting times. This index served as the dependent variable in our analysis. We applied a spatial lag model to examine the potential strategic interactions between hospitals concerning their waiting times.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis revealed a significant positive endogenous spatial dependence, indicating that waiting times in NHS hospitals are strategic complements. Furthermore, we found that NHS contracts with private not-for-profit hospitals not only reduce waiting times within these hospitals but also exert positive spillover effects on other NHS hospitals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that diversifying the organization of the NHS hospital network, particularly through contracts with private entities for marginal patients, can significantly enhance competitive dynamics and reduce waiting times. This effect persists even when patient choice is confined to a small fraction of the patient population, highlighting a strategic avenue for policy optimization in healthcare service delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":46936,"journal":{"name":"Health Economics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11468064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fragmentation of payment systems: an in-depth qualitative study of stakeholders' experiences with the neonatal intensive care payment system in Iran.","authors":"Zakieh Ostad-Ahmadi, Miriam Nkangu, Mahmood Nekoei-Moghadam, Mohammad Heidarzadeh, Reza Goudarzi, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi","doi":"10.1186/s13561-024-00564-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13561-024-00564-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Iran's fee-for-service (FFS) payment model in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) is contentious due to the involvement of multiple stakeholders with differing interests, leading to increased costs, fragmentation, and reduced quality of care. This study explores the experiences and challenges of stakeholders with the NICU payment system and considers alternative payment methods.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A qualitative research approach was used, involving key informant interviews with stakeholders at various levels of the health system. Data were collected between March 2022 to September 2023 using a purposive sampling method with a snowball strategy. The transcribed data were analyzed using an inductive thematic approach in MAXQDA, with themes and sub-themes emerged and assessed by two independent coders. Four trustworthiness criteria were applied to ensure the quality of the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study involved 23 participants with diverse NICU payment backgrounds, identifying issues related to service accessibility, rising costs, neonatologists' income, and service quality. Stakeholders held differing views on the best payment model: health insurance executives favored a prospective payment method, faculty members favored supported modified FFS or per diem, and neonatal specialists expressed concerns about low tariffs and delayed payments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Iran's NICU payment system is unsatisfactory and requires urgent reform. Although stakeholders disagree on the best approach, reforms must be evidence-based and collaborative, addressing structural and cultural issues within the health system. The identification of an optimal payment system is essential for supporting neonatal care, benefiting newborns, families, society, and the broader health system.</p>","PeriodicalId":46936,"journal":{"name":"Health Economics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11465843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-run measurement of income-related inequalities in health care under universal coverage: evidence from longitudinal analysis in Korea.","authors":"Yuichi Watanabe","doi":"10.1186/s13561-024-00557-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-024-00557-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many countries have sought to promote well-being for their entire populations through the implementation of universal health coverage (UHC). To identify the extent to which UHC has been attained, it is necessary to evaluate equity of access to use of needed care and the cost burden of health services for the country's entire population. This study considers income-related inequalities in health care utilization and spending in a long-term perspective for the case of the Republic of Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Exploiting longitudinal data from a nationally representative health survey from 2008 to 2018, this study investigates how income-related inequalities in health care in Korea have varied over time and examines the extent to which need and non-need factors contribute those inequalities, using an in-depth decomposition analysis, allowing for heterogeneous responses across income groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The empirical results show that overall health care utilization is disproportionately concentrated among the poor over both the short and long run. Income-group differences and non-need determinants, such as marital status and private health insurance, make larger pro-poor contributions to inequality in inpatient care use, while chronic disease prevalence greatly pushes outpatient care utilization in a pro-poor direction. The results regarding inpatient care expenses indicate a similar pattern of pro-poor bias. Long-run inequality favors the better-off in terms of outpatient care expenses, where the contribution of income-group differences has the largest impact.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>My findings suggest that it is important for health care policy in Korea to focus on improvements in the health status and well-being of low-income groups, as poor people are likely to be in poorer health. Non-need contributors could worsen pro-poor inequalities if the economic disparity across households were to increase due to the demographic transition. Higher spending on inpatient care may be a heavier financial burden for low-income people. Additional supportive measures should be provided to prevent them from suffering economic hardship. By contrast, people in high-income groups may spend most on costly services in outpatient care, including uninsured services, with the help of private health insurance. Nevertheless, the expansion of income disparity should be alleviated even from a health care policy perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":46936,"journal":{"name":"Health Economics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11465630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unleashing the potential: the imperative of political support for health technology assessment in Iran.","authors":"Aidin Aryankhesal, Meysam Behzadifar, Ahad Bakhtiari, Samad Azari, Masoud Behzadifar","doi":"10.1186/s13561-024-00563-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-024-00563-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health Technology Assessment (HTA) is essential for evidence-based healthcare decision-making, yet its integration into Iran's healthcare system faces political and logistical challenges. Despite HTA's potential to improve resource allocation, limited awareness, data gaps, and competing priorities hinder its implementation. This commentary emphasizes the need for political support, advocating capacity-building, collaboration, and alignment with long-term health policies. Leveraging international partnerships and monitoring outcomes can enhance HTA's role in improving healthcare in Iran and contributing to global health advancements.</p>","PeriodicalId":46936,"journal":{"name":"Health Economics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11460068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Value for solidarity: a proxy for community understanding and acceptance of the basic principles of community-based health insurance in rural Ethiopia.","authors":"Mohammed Hussien","doi":"10.1186/s13561-024-00565-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13561-024-00565-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Solidarity is an aspect of human association that gives emphasis to the cohesive social bond that holds a group together and is valued and understood by all members of the group. A lack of understanding of the solidarity principle is one of the main reasons for low population coverage in microhealth insurance schemes. This study aimed to examine the extent to which people value solidarity and the factors that explain the differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in two districts of northeast Ethiopia among 1232 randomly selected households which have ever been registered in a community-based health insurance scheme. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with household heads using a standardized questionnaire deployed to an electronic data collection platform. Solidarity was measured using three dimensions: income solidarity, risk solidarity, and cost coverage. Principal component analysis was used to construct composite variables, and the reliability of the tools was checked using Cronbach's alpha. A multivariable analysis was performed using the partial proportional odds model to determine the associations between variables. The degree of association was assessed using the odds ratio, and statistical significance was determined at 95% confidence interval.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three-quarters (75%) of the respondents rated risk solidarity as high, while 70% and 63% rated income solidarity and cost coverage as high, respectively. Place of residence (AOR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.68, 2.94), wealth index (AOR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.12), self-rated health status (AOR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.40), trust in insurance schemes (AOR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.22, 2.30), perceived quality of care (AOR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.33, 2.31) and frequency of outpatient visits (AOR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.30, 3.24) were significant predictors of value for solidarity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The community placed greater value for solidarity, indicating community understanding and acceptance of the core principles of microhealth insurance. Administrators of the insurance scheme, health authorities, and other actors should strive to create a transparent management system and improve access to high-quality health care, which will facilitate community acceptance of the insurance scheme and its guiding principles.</p>","PeriodicalId":46936,"journal":{"name":"Health Economics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11452964/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negotiating pricing and payment terms for insurance covered mHealth apps: a qualitative content analysis and taxonomy development based on a German experience.","authors":"Bettina Freitag, Leonard Fehring, Marie Uncovska, Alexandra Olsacher, Sven Meister","doi":"10.1186/s13561-024-00558-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13561-024-00558-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Germany was the first country worldwide to offer mobile digital health applications (mHealth apps, \"DiGA\") on prescription with full cost coverage by statutory health insurances. Especially statutory health insurances criticize the current pricing and payment regulations in Germany due to \"free and non-transparent\" pricing in the first year and lack of cost use evidence. The study consists of two parts: The first part evaluates interests of digital health application providers and statutory health insurances in Germany to identify overlaps and divergences of interests. The second part includes the development of a comprehensive pricing and payment taxonomy for reimbursable mHealth apps in general.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Both parts of the study used the input from 16 expert interviews with representatives of digital health application providers and statutory health insurances in Germany. In part one the authors conducted a qualitative content analysis and in part two they followed the taxonomy development process according to Nickerson et al. (2013).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A value based care model is expected to bring the greatest benefit for patients while statutory health insurances welcome the idea of usage based pricing. The final pricing and payment taxonomy consists of four design and negotiation steps (price finding, payment prerequisites, payment modalities, composition of negotiation board).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As healthcare resources are scarce and thus need to be optimally allocated, it is important to implement pricing and payment terms for reimbursable mHealth apps that result in the greatest benefit for patients. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there has been no structured study yet that examines alternative pricing strategies for reimbursable mHealth apps.The developed pricing and payment taxonomy for reimbursable mHealth apps serves as planning and decision basis for developers, health policy makers and payers internationally.</p>","PeriodicalId":46936,"journal":{"name":"Health Economics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11451222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One for all? Assessing the quality of Italian hospital care with the \"benefit of the doubt\" composite indicator methods.","authors":"Francesco Vidoli, Giacomo Pignataro, Sebastiano Battiato, Francesco Guarnera, Calogero Guccio","doi":"10.1186/s13561-024-00559-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13561-024-00559-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quality assessment in healthcare systems is challenging due to the multidimensional nature of healthcare services. This study evaluates the overall quality provided by hospitals using composite indicators under the Benefit of the Doubt (BoD) approach, which determines the weights of the indicators with minimal assumptions. We used data from 2015-2020 for Italian Local Health Authorities (LHAs) for 21 outcome measures, applying various non-parametric methods to address aggregation and weighting challenges. Our results show that the BoD measures are robust and effectively capture the dynamics of the quality of LHA, even during external shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This research highlights the importance of methodological choices in the construction of composite indicators and demonstrates the effectiveness of the BoD approach in providing a comprehensive measure of healthcare quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":46936,"journal":{"name":"Health Economics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11452975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An assessment of economy- and transport-oriented health performance.","authors":"Zahid Hussain, Chunhui Huo, Ashfaq Ahmad, Wasim Abbas Shaheen","doi":"10.1186/s13561-024-00544-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13561-024-00544-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Good health can prolong one's lifespan and is a fundamental human right. Thus, human health is being influenced by prejudiced from sociological, environmental, economic, and geographic aspects. The economy and transportation system pose a serious challenge to the assessment of the health performance of economies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to assess the health performance of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) economies by using economic and transport-related indicators and examining the role of health expenditure and governance in improving efficiency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study measures the economy- and transport-oriented health efficiency of 35 OECD economies for the period of 2000-2022. In the first stage, this study employs a slacks-based measure and the data envelopment analysis-window analysis approach to conduct individual (economy and transportation) and joint assessments to measure health efficiency. In the second stage, this study uses the tobit regression method to investigate the effects of influencing factors, namely, government general health and pharmaceutical expenditures, the medical infrastructure, and governance, on health efficiency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Empirical results reveal that a 1-unit change in the health expenditure during the research period improves economy-oriented health efficiency by 71% and transport-oriented health efficiency by 58%. The econometric analysis demonstrates that all the coefficients of economy- and transport-oriented health efficiency are significant and positive. Notably, a 1-unit change in the medical infrastructure increases economy- and transport-oriented health efficiency by 50.8%, and a 1% increase in pharmaceutical expenditure increases the health, economy, and transport efficiency scores by 16.3%, 33%, and 58.6%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that some of the economies were efficient with regard to their health-oriented outputs, that is, quality of life and mortality and morbidity rates, and most of the economies demonstrated excellent economic performance. The findings of the transport-oriented health efficiency assessment reveal that the economies were unable to perform well in the last year of the research period owing to the nationwide lockdowns. Nonetheless, they demonstrated efficiency in the first half of the research period. The joint assessment of economy- and transport-oriented health efficiency indicates that economic and transport input resources can adversely affect the GDP and life expectancy simultaneously, and the medical infrastructure, pharmaceutical expenditure, and number of medical graduates serve as constructive stimuli for health efficiency improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":46936,"journal":{"name":"Health Economics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11448045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The acceptability of the risk of death in the treatment of respiratory diseases in France.","authors":"Caroline Orset","doi":"10.1186/s13561-024-00541-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13561-024-00541-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The costs associated with respiratory illnesses in the French healthcare budget continue to rise. However, pharmaceutical companies and research centres are continuously developing new treatments. Consequently, accepting these treatments, which necessitates the acceptance of the mortality risk associated with their use, represents a significant economic and public health issue. Our study aims to assess this acceptance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data were obtained from an online questionnaire completed by 315 respondents located in France during June and July 2019. The standard gamble method was employed to ascertain the acceptability of risk. This method quantifies the 'disutility' of a health state by evaluating the extent to which an individual is willing to accept a specific mortality risk in exchange for avoiding the state.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study demonstrated that individuals, irrespective of their personal characteristics, were willing to accept a treatment with an average mortality risk of less than 19%. The findings revealed discrepancies between individuals' perceptions of mortality and actual risks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In France, it is incumbent upon public decision-makers and research centres to ensure that treatment-related mortality rates remain below 19% so that patients readily accept treatment, irrespective of their personal characteristics. In addition, they should provide further information on the risks associated with treating respiratory diseases to avoid a discrepancy between the mortality risks perceived by individuals and the actual risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":46936,"journal":{"name":"Health Economics Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11443873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}