{"title":"Not Just Trolls: The Experiences and Effects of Online Harm on Elite Women’s Sport Athletes","authors":"Kim Toffoletti, Caitlin McGrane, Sarah Reddan","doi":"10.1177/21674795251412781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251412781","url":null,"abstract":"Online abuse directed toward elite athletes is a recognised problem, with research beginning to document its gendered impacts. While much of the debate about online abuse in sport focuses on identifying abusive behaviours, the perspectives of athletes themselves remain under examined. This article investigates the experiences of professional and elite women’s sport athletes exposed to online harm, with the aim of understanding their experiences and foregrounding athlete voice. Survey ( <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n</jats:italic> = 138) and in-depth interview ( <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n</jats:italic> = 8) responses were thematically analysed to understand how Australian athletes competing in women’s sport experience and respond to online harm and its effects. Taking an approach informed by feminist theories of embodiment, we identify several major areas of concern raised by athletes, including the extent of online harm, reporting pathways, and limited support. Findings indicate that online harm is a serious workplace issue with impacts on the wellbeing, performance and economic opportunities for athletes competing in women’s sport. We advocate for greater inclusion of athlete voice for improving supports and protections for athletes experiencing online harm.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Communication and Sport in Times of Rapid Expansion: Caveats and Opportunities via Globalization","authors":"Andrew C. Billings","doi":"10.1177/21674795251405474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251405474","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"31 1","pages":"3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145893710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Self-Branding of Women Olympic Athletes on Instagram: An Analysis of Post-Feminism and the Socio-Political Context of Türkiye","authors":"Merve Altun Ekinci, Canan Koca","doi":"10.1177/21674795251411316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251411316","url":null,"abstract":"With the momentum of the TOKYO Olympics, there has been an increase in corporate, media, and business interest in women athletes and sports events. Using reflexive thematic analysis (RTA), we examine the visual and verbal content of Instagram posts from 47 Olympic athletes to understand how women construct their self-brand within the framework of postfeminist agendas and Türkiye’s socio-political environment. Drawing from analysis, we conceptualise “Strong Turkish Women” to illustrate how athletes embody multiple identities, blending athleticism with cultural and historical memory, demonstrating strong physical and mental resilience, while respecting religious sensitivities, and serving as role models for women and girls. The knowledge emerging from this study reveals a form of branding that has developed in Türkiye, where women athletes negotiate both post-feminist empowerment narratives focused on individual achievement and local cultural norms as agents of collective resistance to women’s rights. This comprehension may elucidate the self-branding literature of women athletes from both secular and religious national perspectives.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"She Plays ‘With a Bit of Anger!’: Natural Athleticism and Misogynoir Stereotypes Within Mediated (re)Constructions of Black and White Women Footballers in Soccer Matchday Commentary","authors":"Paul Ian Campbell, Allison Thompson","doi":"10.1177/21674795251403942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251403942","url":null,"abstract":"This article is the first to examine how praise comments and narratives within women’s soccer matchday commentary differ for Black and White female footballers and the ways these mediated framings reproduce the misogynoir logics that shape Black and White women’s experiences within the sport. It draws on approximately 4,800 minutes of matchday-commentary gleaned from the 52 televised matches at the 2019 FIFA Women’s World Cup Finals (on the British Broadcasting Corporation and Independent Television Channels), to conduct a systematic exploration of the variations in verbiage used by commentary-teams to praise and describe the on-field actions, performances, behaviours, talent, and physical appearances of women soccer players from different racialised backgrounds. Findings show: (1) clear differences in the ways in which visibly Black and White women soccer players were praised and discussed, which aligned with ‘natural athlete’ discourse. (2): That natural athlete framings became more pronounced when Black and White women played alongside each other. (3) The natural athlete frame when applied to women extended to include talk about perceived inherent emotional dispositions, that were demarcated by race. (4) The othering of Black women footballers, and football, also occurred via a consistent over-celebration of aspects of Black sports-womanhood and sporting culture as ‘exotic’.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"168 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145746667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conduct Unbecoming: Masculinity and Punishment in Media Coverage of Homophobia in the Australian Football League (AFL)","authors":"Robert Boucaut, Alexander Beare","doi":"10.1177/21674795251407063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251407063","url":null,"abstract":"Australian Rules Football’s (AFL) 2024 season saw multiple uses of on-field homophobic slurs receiving national media attention, with sanctions handed to coach Alastair Clarkson and player Jeremy Finlayson. This study analyses reportage on these incidents to consider how homophobia in the AFL is mediated. We identified the tribunal—the league’s pseudo-legal structure for reviewing on-field misconduct—to be of profound discursive significance, despite these matters being non-tribunal in nature. Reportage privileges discursive themes of ‘precedent’ and ‘fairness’, which work to construct homophobic abuse as a relative hierarchy so that harm and significance can be quantified into ‘weeks of suspension’. The context of the use of antigay slurs received outsized attention, which individualises the incidents and obscured the broader perception of an institutional culture of homophobia in the AFL. Mediating a cultural problem through such themes, we contend, ultimately imagines homophobia in the AFL as something to be fixed through punishment. This article therefore argues the discursive significance of the AFL tribunal on circulating media and considers how such reporting frameworks obscure cultural challenges while exonerating the League from meaningful accountability.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145711311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Emergence of the Athlete-Creative: Negotiating Boundaries in Digital Sports Media","authors":"Zoe Tzanis","doi":"10.1177/21674795251408024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251408024","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the digital labor and working practices of endurance athletes in ultra, trail, and triathlon sports. Drawing on 25 semi-structured interviews with athletes and their agents, I examine how these individuals navigate shifting boundaries of professionalism and identity shaped by an evolving media landscape, cultural pressures to self-brand, and a sport that glorifies pain. I introduce the concept of the athlete-creative to capture how contemporary athletes combine creative and athletic labor, engaging in storytelling and meaning-making that emphasizes depth, authenticity, and artistry. These practices enable athletes to construct visible and viable careers but also normalize boundless work and constant sharing, with physical, emotional, and temporal consequences. I situate these labors as forms of boundary work through which athlete-creatives distinguish themselves from both influencers and amateurs, producing a professional identity that is disciplined, human, and exceptional.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"240 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145711310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tuan Anh Vu, Chau Ngoc Bao Nguyen, Anh Quang Nguyen, Binh Ai Truong
{"title":"Narratives of Naturalization of Foreign-Born Football Players in Vietnamese Mainstream Media: The Critical Case Study on Rafaelson Bezerra Fernandes","authors":"Tuan Anh Vu, Chau Ngoc Bao Nguyen, Anh Quang Nguyen, Binh Ai Truong","doi":"10.1177/21674795251404898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251404898","url":null,"abstract":"Football in Vietnam functions as more than entertainment; it is a cultural arena where nationalism and collective identity are articulated. In recent years, the naturalization of foreign-born athletes has emerged as both a contentious and strategic policy to enhance national team competitiveness. This article critically examines Vietnamese mainstream media framing of naturalized footballers through intersecting narratives of heroism, symbolic boundaries, and authenticity. The case of Brazilian striker Rafaelson Bezerra Fernandes, who assumed the Vietnamese name Nguyễn Xuân Son upon his naturalization in 2024, serves as a focal point. Drawing on 62 articles published between 2020 and 2025, the study employs framing and critical discourse analysis to trace shifts before and after his naturalization. Findings show a recalibration of heroic narratives: media shifted from emphasizing patriotism and sacrifice toward highlighting performance and talent. Yet, symbolic boundary-making persists—naturalized players are celebrated for contributions but marked as “conditional insiders.” Authenticity is increasingly tied to visible loyalty, such as adopting Vietnamese names or singing the national anthem, rather than ancestry. These patterns highlight the dual role of Vietnamese media in broadening and policing national belonging, situating naturalized athletes as both pragmatic assets and symbolic figures in identity formation.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145651502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Soft Activism in Sport: Semantic and Sentiment Analysis of Well-Being Narratives Across Elite Multi-Sport Athletes","authors":"Veronica Câmpian, Maria Cergă","doi":"10.1177/21674795251405757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251405757","url":null,"abstract":"Elite athletes increasingly act as influential communicators, shaping public conversations on mental health and well-being. By sharing personal struggles, emotional challenges, and recovery experiences, they engage in soft forms of advocacy, humanizing issues, and reducing stigma. This research fills a gap in athlete communication by providing a multi-sport, multi-country, athlete-centered analysis of well-being narratives, focusing on athletes’ own online communications rather than solely on media framing as in previous studies. It advances the field methodologically through the combined use of semantic mapping and sentiment analysis, enabling a gender-comparative, data-driven examination of both thematic framing and emotional tone of these narratives. Namely, this study analyzes verbatim quotes from ten elite European athletes across diverse sports, including tennis, swimming, basketball, football, motorcycling, gymnastics, and weightlifting. Using semantic mapping and sentence-level sentiment analysis, it examines how athletes frame well-being experiences and how narrative tone, and emotional progression differ by gender. Findings reveal gendered patterns: female athletes adopt reflective, resilience-oriented narratives, progressing toward emotional closure, while male athletes display volatile sentiment trajectories, emphasizing performance restoration and control. These insights demonstrate that athlete narratives serve as soft activism, bridging personal experience and gendered expression, with implications for sports organizations, media framing, and health communication strategies.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Toward a Measurement Tool for Sports Diplomacy in the News: The Case of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022","authors":"Claudia Kozman, George Anghelcev","doi":"10.1177/21674795251403969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251403969","url":null,"abstract":"Using a 12-months-long constructed week sampling strategy, this study relied on a dataset of 456 media articles about the 2022 FIFA World Cup to take an initial step toward operationalizing the concept of sports diplomacy. A preliminary measurement approach was derived from the literature and examined through a content analysis of articles published during the year leading up to the event. Subsequently, the fit of this initial instrument as an empirical measure of sports diplomacy was assessed, and modifications were proposed. In tandem, the study examined sourcing patterns in media articles, focusing on the relationship between sources and sports diplomacy. Findings reveal that mentions of sports diplomacy indicators were scarce and that the construct, as theorized in literature, faced scale reliability issues. Reliability measures improved modestly when we reconceptualized the construct. Importantly, in the rare instances sports diplomacy was used to describe the 2022 World Cup, it was FIFA that advanced this notion, relying primarily on political sources. Sports officials dominated as a source category ahead of businesspeople and political officials. Based on these limited findings, the paper offers a cautious analysis of the construct, drawing on interpretivism to explain the results while inviting further refinement of future measurement efforts.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"255 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“At Augusta National, Not Talking About Race Is Tradition”: Race and Journalistic Repair Discourse at the Masters Tournament","authors":"Aman Misra, Lori Amber Roessner","doi":"10.1177/21674795251397868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251397868","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses collective memory, second-draft history, and the Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to examine sports coverage of Augusta National Golf Club (ANGC) and the Masters Golf Tournament in the wake of the Black Lives Matter movement in the U.S., particularly the George Floyd protests. We analyze 29 articles in the <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">New York Times</jats:italic> (a national newspaper of record in the U.S.) and <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Golf Digest</jats:italic> (an access-dependent specialty outlet) between 2020-2025 to examine if these publications engage in journalistic repair and address their own editorial histories of racial exclusion while reporting on the club’s commemoration of Lee Elder as the first Black golfer to play in the tournament in 1975. Findings reveal that both outlets constructed second drafts of history, but did not critically analyze the role of their own newsrooms in reporting histories of racial exclusion at ANGC and the Masters. Moreover, the study contributes to critical sport communication scholarship by showing how national and specialty sport media outlets differ in their reporting of institutional memory and race discourse by selective remembering and reproduction of institutional silences.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"195 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145611000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}