{"title":"Politics on the Pitch – How Is Mediatized Football Consumption Related to the Exposure to and Recall of Political Incidents During the Euro 2024?","authors":"Daniel Vogler, Manuel Arrigo","doi":"10.1177/21674795251378770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251378770","url":null,"abstract":"Major sport events attract large audiences, making them an attractive platform for political actors seeking to engage the public. However, to date, there is little research on how the public perceives mediatized political incidents during sports events. This study examines the intersection of sports and political communication by analyzing how audiences perceive political incidents during the UEFA Euro 2024 football tournament. Using survey data from Switzerland ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 435), we investigate the extent to which individuals were exposed to political incidents during the tournament and whether news consumption, social media use, and watching broadcasts of games were related to the exposure and recall of these events. The study shows that political incidents related to the tournament reached a large audience. Self-reported exposure to political incidents was positively related to news consumption and interest in politics and sports. However, the ability of participants to recall specific political incidents was positively associated with watching broadcasts of games and interest in politics, but not with news or social media consumption. The large reach of politics on the pitch and the controversial matter of the incidents captured in our study highlight both the potential and risks of politics in sports for society.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145072550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Red Card to Violence Against Women”: Sexist Discourses on Women’s Football in YouTube Comments From Türkiye","authors":"Yavuz Demir","doi":"10.1177/21674795251377394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251377394","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines gender-based online harassment directed at female football players in Türkiye by analyzing 1,739 comments posted on YouTube following the inaugural official women’s football match between Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray on December 7, 2021. Employing a qualitative netnographic methodology and thematic content analysis with MAXQDA, four primary themes were identified: (1) the devaluation of women’s football and the perpetuation of hegemonic masculinity, (2) online misogyny and gendered comparisons, (3) ironic sexism, and (4) supportive discourse and positive attitudes toward women’s football. While these findings reflect global patterns that undermine women’s sport, they indicate that in Türkiye such dynamics assume particular significance. Online misogyny and homophobic tropes intersect with entrenched patriarchal and institutional structures, producing a “double-whammy” effect that simultaneously marginalizes female athletes and reinforces broader cultural hierarchies. At the same time, supportive commentary demonstrates that digital platforms function as contested arenas in which patriarchal norms are both challenged and reproduced. This ambivalence highlights the tentative yet visible emergence of counter-narratives affirming women’s participation and equality in football. Overall, the study illustrates how global forms of gender-based online harassment acquire distinctive local meanings, positioning women’s football as a contested site for negotiating gender, modernity, and visibility in digital spaces.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145056763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sanghyeon Kim, Adam Karg, Tim Breitbarth, Katherine Raw
{"title":"Mapping Live Sport Media Technologies: Developing a Taxonomy","authors":"Sanghyeon Kim, Adam Karg, Tim Breitbarth, Katherine Raw","doi":"10.1177/21674795251377982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251377982","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a comprehensive taxonomy of media technology used in live sport, addressing a critical gap in the sport media and management literature. Despite the growing presence of media technologies in live sport contexts, conceptual clarity around their classification remains limited. Drawing on qualitative content analysis of media articles, this research identifies key technological characteristics and maps their manifestations across diverse sport media environments. As a result, the Live Sport Media Technology (LSMT) taxonomy was developed around three overarching categories: Core, Experience, and Smart technologies. These categories reflect the different roles technologies play in enabling, enhancing, and innovating live sport media. Findings reveal two key trends: the increasing technological convergence across media platforms, and the growing personalisation of the sport viewing experience through user-controlled and system-driven technologies. These developments are reshaping the boundaries between production and consumption. This study provides a foundational and structured framework for future research, offering practical guidance for sport media-related organisations navigating the complex media technology landscape and its rapidly evolving interplay between technology, content, and audiences.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145056701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Between Hype and Reality: The Promises and Pitfalls of Predicting Sports Media Technological Innovation","authors":"Andrew C. Billings","doi":"10.1177/21674795251380213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251380213","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145017488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Attentional and Evaluative Processing of Split-Screen Advertisements Embedded in Mediated Sports: An Eye-Tracking and Biometric Study","authors":"Minkyo Lee, Glenna L. Read, Bomin Paek","doi":"10.1177/21674795251376951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251376951","url":null,"abstract":"To address challenges with traditional ad breaks in sports broadcasting, split-screen ads - which show ads alongside live game content - have gained popularity. However, research on their impact, particularly across varying emotional engagement levels, is limited. This study used a biometric and eye-tracking lab experiment with 41 undergraduate students, employing a 2 × 2 incomplete block design during an international soccer match to investigate how emotional context (pleasant vs. unpleasant) and timing (at low-to-moderate vs. moderate-to-high emotionally intense moments) affect processing of split-screen ads during replays. This is one of the first studies on split-screen ads in sports broadcasts, showing that positive emotional moments enhance ad attitudes and reduce perceived intrusiveness. While self-reported attention data show that unpleasant moments trigger avoidance of replays but promote coping strategies for viewing ads, eye-tracking data contradict them, particularly in attentional resource allocation and visual focus, offering new insights for future research in sport marketing and advertising.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145056702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Collegiate Athletes’ and Coaches’ Communicative Constitution of Resilience: A Case Study","authors":"Lillian B. Feder","doi":"10.1177/21674795251376367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251376367","url":null,"abstract":"Resilience processes are communicative in nature and vital to the wellbeing and success of athletic personnel and organizations. However, the communicative components of resilience-building are largely ignored in sport scholarship and practice. This study seeks to bridge that gap by using the communication theory of resilience as a sensitizing concept to develop a thorough understanding of communicative resilience-building processes in athletics. Semi-structured in-depth interviews with members of a Division I college baseball team were analyzed using thematic co-occurrence analysis. Findings indicate that collegiate athletes and coaches experience resilience-building as a combination of mental toughness (i.e., persistence and discipline) and resourcefulness (i.e., social support, vulnerability, (self-)reflection, and positive self-talk). Findings also reveal three relationships between co-occurring themes. First, participants who focused on the process over the outcome of persistence developed greater (self-)awareness and found better solutions to the issues they faced. Second, providing social support to other network members motivated participants to regulate their own emotions and to remain disciplined amid adversity. Third, participants who communicated their vulnerability were empowered to seek out social support as a partial solution to disruptive events. These findings demonstrate the communicative and collective nature of resilience processes and inform suggestions for resilience-building in athletics.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Between Hype and Reality: The Promises and Pitfalls of Predicting Sports Media Technological Innovation","authors":"Andrew C. Billings","doi":"10.1177/21674795251377921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251377921","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Reasoned Action Approach to Parent-Child Concussion Communication in Youth Sports","authors":"Daniel E. Hartman","doi":"10.1177/21674795251375105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251375105","url":null,"abstract":"This study applied the reasoned action approach to examine psychosocial predictors of parent-child communication intentions about sport-related concussions (SRCs). While parents are central to youth concussion safety, little research has identified which belief-based mechanisms shape their intent to initiate SRC conversations. Using a cross-sectional survey of U.S. parents of youth athletes aged 8–12 ( <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 300), both main and interaction effects of experiential and instrumental attitudes, injunctive and descriptive norms, and perceived behavioral control (operationalized as capacity) were tested. Findings showed that experiential attitudes, injunctive norms, and capacity significantly predicted intention. Moderation analyses revealed that perceived behavioral control strengthened, and perceived norms attenuated, the attitude–intention relationship. These results suggest intention formation is not merely additive but shaped by the relationships between attitudinal, normative, and control-based beliefs. Theoretically, this study expands the reasoned approach by modeling moderation across all three intention pathways and addresses calls for more granular application of theory in sport communication. Practically, it identifies belief-based levers—emotional framing, normative messaging, and confidence-building—that can improve concussion education for parents during a critical developmental window. Findings contribute both to sport health messaging and to understanding how psychosocial beliefs shape behavior in emotionally sensitive, parent-driven safety contexts.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144927822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Soft Media, Hard Borders: Football, Media Framing, and Ethnonational Tensions in Wartime Israel","authors":"Chen Kertcher","doi":"10.1177/21674795251375095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251375095","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines how Hebrew-language sports media framed Jewish and Arab football clubs in Israel during the 2023–2024 football season, amid the ongoing Israel–Hamas war. Focusing on the ultra-nationalist Jewish club Beitar Jerusalem, the established Arab club Bnei Sakhnin, and the emerging Arab club Bnei Reineh, the analysis reveals distinct patterns shaped by framing theory (Entman, 1993) and peace journalism (Galtung, 2002). Despite comparable visibility, Arab clubs—particularly Bnei Sakhnin—were frequently portrayed with suspicion, disloyalty, or decontextualized neutrality, reflecting selective inclusion and exclusion. In contrast, Beitar was depicted as a patriotic symbol, reinforcing nationalist narratives consistent with war journalism. Peace-oriented frames were rare, decontextualized, and easily overshadowed by dominant ethnonational discourses. Even ostensibly neutral reporting stripped Arab players of sociopolitical context, reinforcing their symbolic marginality. The findings highlight the role of “soft” media in shaping public discourse and national identity, emphasizing that sports journalism is not immune to wartime ideological pressures. Rather than fostering inclusion, it often amplifies existing hierarchies—missing opportunities to support dialogue, empathy, and coexistence in a deeply divided society.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dinfin K. Mulupi, Shannon Scovel, Frankie Ho Chun Wong, Aman Misra
{"title":"Golden Girls, National Heroes and Resilient Champions: An Intersectional and Computational Analysis of Social Media Commentary During the 2024 Paralympics","authors":"Dinfin K. Mulupi, Shannon Scovel, Frankie Ho Chun Wong, Aman Misra","doi":"10.1177/21674795251366968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795251366968","url":null,"abstract":"Using intersectionality and critical disability studies, this paper analyzes social media discourse from X and Instagram during the 2024 Paris Paralympics. Qualitative ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 1,000) and computational quantitative analysis ( <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 10,881) of social media comments posted during the Games show that the largest percentage of social media commentators discussing the Paralympics came from India, with users frequently evoking notions of nationalism, neoliberal-ableism, athlete-first accolades, and complex notions of gender identity. Findings demonstrate the contradictions of social media as a platform for social change. On one hand social media commentators portrayed disabled athletes as skilled and accomplished Paralympians and framed them as national heroes bringing pride to their country. On the other hand, they also engaged in neoliberal-ableist narratives characterizing disability as something that should be overcome.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144901395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}