{"title":"Hegemony, Privilege, and Access: Why Gender Remains Near the Center of Communication and Sport Research","authors":"Andrew C. Billings","doi":"10.1177/21674795261424546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795261424546","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147287344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rob Manfred, Gambling, and Rearticulating “Baseball’s Best Interests”","authors":"Michael J. Delayo","doi":"10.1177/21674795261430902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795261430902","url":null,"abstract":"For Major League Baseball Commissioner Rob Manfred, gambling’s relationship with baseball has been a top priority. His frequent attention to the subject aligns with the history of a commissionership that, since its creation in the wake of the 1919 Black Sox scandal, has prioritized keeping baseball at a safe distance from the negative associations of gambling. In direct contrast with his predecessors, however, Manfred has spent his tenure not denigrating but justifying the union of baseball and gambling. This essay argues that Manfred’s support of gambling comes at the expense of MLB ballplayers who, since sports gambling’s relegalization, have been subject to unprecedented quantities of personal threats. Manfred’s insistence that partnerships with sportsbooks and other gambling companies help protect baseball’s competitive integrity clashes with the presence of threats to ballplayers and a growing list of public gambling-related scandals in the sport. To track the public comments Commissioner Manfred makes is to see the path of gambling in baseball shift from immoral incursion to essential partner. Manfred’s communication about the intensifying integration of gambling into baseball demonstrate that “the best interests of baseball” are being deemed worth the risk to professional ballplayers.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147287346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mireya Márquez-Ramírez, Daniel Jackson, Claudia Mellado, David Nolan, Jamie Matthews, Fergal Quinn, Xin Zhao
{"title":"Journalistic Role Performance in Global Sports News: Comparing the Stability and Scope of the “Toy Department” Thesis in 36 Countries","authors":"Mireya Márquez-Ramírez, Daniel Jackson, Claudia Mellado, David Nolan, Jamie Matthews, Fergal Quinn, Xin Zhao","doi":"10.1177/21674795261428575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795261428575","url":null,"abstract":"Sports journalism has long been derided as the newsroom’s “toy department”, characterized by emotionalized storytelling, boosterism, and limited critical scrutiny. Although recent research challenges this stereotype, comprehensive cross-national evidence has been scarce. This study provides the first large-scale internationally comparative test of these claims using the Journalistic Role Performance framework to analyze four roles—Interventionist, Watchdog, Loyal-Facilitator, and Infotainment—in comparison to non-sports news. Drawing on a content analysis of 14,676 sports stories from 341 outlets across 36 countries, we find a clear dominance of interventionist and infotainment roles, shaped by frequent use of opinion, adjectives, emotion, sensationalism, and personalization. Watchdog performance is notably low and displays minimal variation across political and media systems, despite a slightly higher presence in established democracies. While these findings may confirm certain stereotypes of sports journalists, there is limited evidence that they are merely cheerleaders for the sporting elites (the loyal-facilitator role). Multilevel analyses reveal that these role patterns are strikingly stable across socio-political, organizational, and story-level contexts. Taken together, the findings show that sports journalism constitutes a unique, resilient and globally distinctive news beat whose role performance remains shaped by entertainment-oriented and interventionist tendencies.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146778285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clark the Savior: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Caitlin Clark’s WNBA Rookie Season","authors":"Ashley Gardner, Patrick Crowe, Cee Rivers","doi":"10.1177/21674795261428543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795261428543","url":null,"abstract":"The Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA) was named the “fastest-growing brand in professional sports in 2024” by Forbes, with much attention centered on Indiana Fever’s number one draft pick, Caitlin Clark. Considering Clark is a white heterosexual woman, she stands in contrast to the WNBA’s historical and current demographic makeup, in which the majority are women of color and LGBTQIA+ (Yanity, 2024). This tension between societal majority and league minority raises important sociological questions about how discourse is being produced about Caitlin Clark. Therefore, this study utilized a Critical Discourse Analysis approach to examine the ways four leading sports media publications – CBS Sports, ESPN, Sports Illustrated, and Yahoo! Sports – produced discourse about Caitlin Clark during her rookie season in the WNBA utilizing contemporary theorizations of her identities (Fairclough, 2010). Our findings revealed that Clark was portrayed as a savior, living legend, deserving of grace, and a victim. We argue that sport media’s discourse around Caitlin Clark has been instrumental in perpetuating racial ideologies of White saviorism, privilege, and victimization within the broader contexts of sport and society.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146261163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joanna Wall Tweedie, Aaron C. T. Smith, Catherine Ordway
{"title":"Online Abuse, Sport and Women Athletes: A Narrative Review","authors":"Joanna Wall Tweedie, Aaron C. T. Smith, Catherine Ordway","doi":"10.1177/21674795261426282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795261426282","url":null,"abstract":"This narrative review examines the antecedents of online abuse and specifically the factors that make sport an especially susceptible context and women athletes particularly at risk. The commercialisation of sport has intensified social media scrutiny, leading to increased online abuse of athletes, impacting their mental health and well-being. This narrative review identifies the need for sport policy makers to understand online abuse antecedents and to develop safeguarding measures. Narrative reviews are designed to provide meaningful synthesis of broad research that requires nuanced interpretation and are not intended to provide an exhaustive review of the literature. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory is used as a conceptual architecture for this narrative review to map the multi-level influences on online harm in sport and thus, guide the development of more comprehensive interventions. The review aims to identify multi-level risk factors for online abuse targeting women athletes and to synthesise theoretical insights using an ecological systems lens. It examines the broader social context, legal environment, and social media features, as well as specific factors like gambling associations, sport factors, and athlete characteristics. It also underscores the need for increased research, education, and policy to protect athletes. This review informs a series of recommendations to guide future policy and practice.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146210408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Seasoned Vet to Space-Taker: Gendered Ageism in Coverage of Professional Basketball Player Diana Taurasi’s Final Season","authors":"Brigid McCarthy","doi":"10.1177/21674795261424395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795261424395","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined coverage of 42-year-old professional basketball player Diana Taurasi during her final WNBA season. Age remains an underexplored element of identity in sports media research. An analysis informed by intersectionality found that media discourse made age meaningful through gendered norms of athletic value, constructing Taurasi through narratives of both exceptionalism and decline. This was produced through portrayals of Taurasi as both past her prime <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">and</jats:italic> as resisting ageing through bodily discipline. It also observed how some coverage amplified social media discourse of intergenerational rivalry and logics of succession, casting Taurasi and older players as jealous and as taking opportunities from incoming star players. This paper situates this coverage within the context of a league where Black and/or LGBTQIA women have traditionally excelled but have also been marginalised by discourses shaped by racism, misogyny and homophobia. It also argues for further research that considers how some sports storytelling practices might contribute to online harm, in this case by perpetuating misogynistic and racist commentary that surged alongside increased WNBA viewership in 2024. The study’s findings also underscore the need for intersectional approaches that consider age in feminist sports media analysis.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146129365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Box Score as Boundary Object: How a Data Table Built the Sports-Media System","authors":"Michael Mirer","doi":"10.1177/21674795261423077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795261423077","url":null,"abstract":"A boundary object is an item or idea or that solidifies relationships between stakeholders in a social system. A boundary object has local meaning within a single group and maintains relationships between actors. Using textual and secondary analysis, this paper argues that the formulation of the newspaper box score during the late 19th century created a boundary object that helped bring the sports media system into coherence. In its earliest days, the nascent sports reporting profession used data to define a professional identity and then enroll media organizations, sports organizations, and readers into what we understand as the sports media system. This understanding of the history of sports journalism has important implications for the study of the changing media system within sports and beyond.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146129364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Travis Richardson, Grant Chesbro, Lisa De Stefano, Rebecca Larson, Michael Wenger, Daniel J. Larson
{"title":"Neural Effects of Suspense and Surprise in Sports Media","authors":"Travis Richardson, Grant Chesbro, Lisa De Stefano, Rebecca Larson, Michael Wenger, Daniel J. Larson","doi":"10.1177/21674795261422138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795261422138","url":null,"abstract":"Studies focusing on brain imaging (EEG), neuromarketing, sports, and suspense and surprise have all been executed in limited combinations; however, no apparent studies combine all these aspects with sport media viewing. This study used EEG to measure brain activity stimulated by suspense and surprise in sports entertainment. Twenty-one subjects (mean age, 21.8 yr) viewed a stratified random selection of 8 out of 32 suspenseful and/or surprising sports video clips, 2 each of 4 categories: High Suspense and High Surprise (HH), High Suspense and Low Surprise (HL), Low Suspense and High Surprise (LH), and Low Suspense and Low Surprise (LL). EEG frequency bands (θ, α, β, and γ) and the α asymmetry index in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were examined. Across video classifications, main effects were found for α activity in the Left-PFC and for PFC α asymmetry (F <jats:sub>3,60</jats:sub> = 5.298, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p</jats:italic> = 0.003). Further factorial analyses suggest that suspense and surprise have independent influences on brain activity and there were no apparent interactions between the factors. This provides evidence of the distinct effects that suspense and surprise, anticipatory versus outcome-driven emotions, have on a sports viewer’s brain and offers early insights into the impact of potentially modifiable elements of media for practitioners.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Basketball Without Borders: Comparative Media Analysis of Joel Embiid’s Choice to Represent Team USA at the 2024 Olympic Games","authors":"Kelsey Slater, Noah Backes, Timothy Ford Bryson","doi":"10.1177/21674795261423074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795261423074","url":null,"abstract":"Joel Embiid, the 2023 National Basketball Association (NBA) Most Valuable Player, born in Yaoundé, Cameroon, competed and won a gold medal at the 2024 Olympics with Team USA. However, his decision to play for Team USA was not without controversy. Embiid also became a naturalized French citizen in 2022, meaning he could have played for the host nation at the Olympics. He also always had the option to compete for Cameroon, his country of birth. This article examined how media in Cameroon, the United States, and France framed Embiid’s naturalization and national identity. Although Embiid’s status as a native Cameroonian was highlighted across the three different national press samples, his decision to embrace his American citizenship for the Olympics was characterized as primarily athletically motivated. The media also focused on his connection to the U.S., noting his migration to America at 16 and his subsequent residence in the country as an NBA player. Additional implications related to his citizenship and national identity are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"287 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Did Deadpool Save a City? The Social and Economic Impact of “Welcome to Wrexham”","authors":"Jan Boehmer, Kyriaki Kaplanidou","doi":"10.1177/21674795261420270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21674795261420270","url":null,"abstract":"Both sport and media have been ascribed the power to affect human behavior. With streaming platforms creating a worldwide audience for sport docuseries, these two forces might combine to create wide-ranging effects. How this plays out on a large scale, however, has not been studied extensively. We contribute to this growing area of inquiry by investigating the social and economic impact of “Welcome to Wrexham”, a popular sport docuseries chronicling the purchase of Welsh soccer club Wrexham A.F.C. by Hollywood actors Ryan Reynolds and Rob McElhenney. Using causal impact modeling, we find a significant increase in employment and per capita GDP in the city, alongside mental health benefits. As such, our results establish the real-world implications of a “Netflix Effect” in the realm of sport, exemplifying how sport media cannot only grow the following of clubs and athletes, but also affect society.","PeriodicalId":46882,"journal":{"name":"Communication & Sport","volume":"180 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}