Anthropologie最新文献

{"title":"Du minéral à la structure et vice-versa : nouvelles observations méthodologiques et expérimentales sur le phénomène galet depuis les régions tropicales d’Amérique du Sud","authors":"Antonio Pérez-Balarezo ,&nbsp;Marcos Paulo de Melo Ramos ,&nbsp;Sibeli A. Viana ,&nbsp;Anderson Marques Garcia ,&nbsp;Edwin Silva ,&nbsp;Éric Boëda","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the field of archaeology, the pebble — a raw mineral material — is frequently subject to biased interpretations that obstruct its objective comprehension. Countering stereotypes that equate the pebble with primitiveness, this article seeks to reevaluate its technical utility. We delineate three primary methods of pebble exploitation: (1) unaltered use, wherein its mass serves functions such as a percussor or projectile, via a process of complete Affordance; (2) complete transformation into a distinct tool through the processes of Shaping or Flaking; and (3) its conceptualization as an assemblage composed of multiple sub-units, which through the interplay of Shaping, Flaking, and Affordance, constitute a matrix. This latter approach necessitates the acknowledgement that certain sections of the pebble are intentionally selected and conserved for prospective technical functions. Building on this classification, we scrutinize a range of archaeological and experimental instances from tropical regions where the pebble holds a pivotal role in toolkits. Through a techno-functional examination, we underscore the complexity of the pebble as a technical entity, thus revealing the distinctiveness of numerous cultures throughout history. This study suggests an alternative to the dominant interpretation focused on the peri-Mediterranean region, instead casting the pebble as a unique, diverse, universal, and timeless phenomenon.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135889872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Façonnage unifacial et débitage bipolaire sur enclume : deux classiques de la préhistoire brésilienne","authors":"Antoine Lourdeau ,&nbsp;Jade Paiva De Lima ,&nbsp;Cleiciane Aiane Noleto","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the Brazilian tropics, while <em>débitage</em> methods have generally undergone limited evolution, various solutions were sought to obtain tool blanks with controlled volumetric characteristics during the late Pleistocene and Holocene periods. One such solution was the unifacial shaping. It was particularly developed between 12,000 and 8000 BP in a vast area of central Brazil. It produced tools with varied functional potential. These unifacial pieces are found in a technical system where they are complemented by relatively standardized retouched flakes. This ensemble corresponds to what is known as the Itaparica Technocomplex, and emerged at a decisive moment in the densification of the region's population. Bipolar-on-anvil <em>débitage</em> is another facet of the technical solutions developed by prehistoric populations in Brazil. Although it receives less attention in the literature than other productions, it is nonetheless almost ubiquitous. Using a variety of methods, this <em>débitage</em> can be employed to produce a wide range of products, depending on the period and context. Recurrently, it is used to obtain medium to very small-sized products, whose functional purpose is not always well understood. These two examples illustrate the particularities of the technical history of Brazil's prehistoric populations. They highlight the choice of a different trajectory from that of their European contemporaries, who focused instead on the development of <em>débitage</em> concepts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136117667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New technological considerations on some Lupemban museum collections from the Congo Basin","authors":"Isis Mesfin ,&nbsp;Alice Leplongeon ,&nbsp;Julia Cabanès ,&nbsp;Marie-Josée Angue Zogo ,&nbsp;David Pleurdeau","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>In the Congo Basin, a regional industry attributed to the Middle Stone Age, the Lupemban, has been empirically considered as a technological adaptation to African tropical rainforests. The “forest industry” hypothesis is based on the presence of diverse heavy-duty tools and their location on the valley bottoms of the Congo Basin. Nowadays, the Lupemban complex in Central Africa remains poorly contextualized preventing us from integrating this geographical crossroad into a pan-African Middle Stone Age framework. Other features such as blade production, backing, hafting and pigment-use are also associated with the Lupemban complex, suggesting an important role of this industry for understanding the emergence and intra-continental diffusion of modern human behaviours. However, this was lacking strong supporting evidence such as chronological, stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental context, as well as thorough technological and functional evaluation. Indeed, only few sites contributed to define the Lupemban and these latters are mainly peripheral to the Congo Basin. In addition, most of the Congo Basin Lupemban collections have been collected several decades ago. Even though poorly documented, these collections constitute a major fund for documenting the prevailing technological features of the Lupemban. Here, we present a technological analysis of lithic production using a qualitative approach to describe five Lupemban lithic collection stored at the </span><em>Museum national d’Histoire naturelle</em> and at the <em>Institut de Paléontologie Humaine</em> that were collected between the 1930s and 1970s in the Central African Republic and the Republic of Congo. We highlight some repeated technological patterns and discuss their representativity for characterizing Central African Upper Pleistocene lithic assemblage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136102248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Des civilisations du végétal préhistoriques sous les tropiques ?","authors":"Hermine Xhauflair ,&nbsp;Antoine Lourdeau ,&nbsp;Dylan Gaffney ,&nbsp;Anne Ford ,&nbsp;Daud Tanudirjo ,&nbsp;Sheldon Clyde Jago-on","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Did a toolkit made of plants exist in tropical forests during prehistory? If so, what was its impact on lithic technology? In Southeast Asia and Papua New Guinea, the “simplicity” of lithic industries has been interpreted as the reflection of a technical investment in another material: bamboo. The material clues, including traces of wear and residues on lithic artefacts, show that if a perishable material culture did exist, in the Philippines and in New Guinea, the Bamboo Hypothesis must be nuanced and extended to the plant world in the broad sense. Various plants have been exploited, including palm, to carry out activities that go beyond the manufacture of bamboo knives and arrows: splitting of rigid plants, fibre processing, manufacturing of ropes or baskets. If the relationship with the forest is developed on all continents and combines botanical knowledge, anthropogenization of the landscape and hunting of arboreal animals, its impact on lithics toolkits varies. In South America, stone tools become rarer in forest environment and the operating sequences become simpler. On the contrary, lithic industries of Africa and Sri Lanka show great technical know-how and are characterized by great standardization. Living in the rainforest does not necessarily imply abandoning the mineral to focus on plants and the part of cultural choices was large. A prehistoric plant technology is increasingly attested in Southeast Asia and Papua New Guinea thanks to use-wear analyses but remains to be demonstrated in other tropical regions of the world.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135614737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le façonnage unifacial sur galet en Asie du Sud-Est : l’Hoabinhien du Cambodge","authors":"Hubert Forestier ,&nbsp;Heng Sophady ,&nbsp;Yinghua Li ,&nbsp;Cyril Viallet ,&nbsp;Yun Wu ,&nbsp;Xueping Ji ,&nbsp;Yuduan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Hoabinhian represents an iconic pebble facies associated with the tropical forest regions of Southeast Asia, dating from the end of the Upper Pleistocene to the middle of the Holocene. In a region distinguished by the existence of multiple human populations, it emerges and then vanishes when only modern humans remain. This technical phenomenon is defined by the crafting of weighty, thick tools from pebbles, including unifaces, choppers, chopping tools, and splits, with bifacial pieces appearing less frequently. Notably absent from this last Paleolithic hunter-gatherer-forager toolkit are armatures, projectiles, or arrowheads. Therefore, in Southeast Asia, there seems to be a lack of technical evolution in lithic industries and no archaeological evidence of hunting projectiles from 40,000 to 4000 BP. This positions the Hoabinhian pebble tools as a part of the broader question concerning human adaptation, specifically technical behavior, forest subsistence, and life in the tropics. Compared to the contemporary Upper Palaeolithic in the West, these pebble industries might seem to exhibit technical-temporal inertia without significant change, or even a cognitive regression. However, without invoking any eco-geographical determinism, we find ourselves examining a unique and radical technical choice that originated in the forest, representing a dialogue between technology and the tropical environment. The Hoabinhian case is a phenomenon that signifies a balance between the mineral world and a specific plant, namely bamboo. The archaeological invisibility of lithic material (like pointed weapons and armatures) is logically offset by plant material, sometimes siliceous like bamboo. The Hoabinhian technique represents a novel complexity and modernity that only modern <em>Homo sapiens</em> has managed to invent. The persistence of this technical phenomenon in a humid tropical context, associated with perishable materials, contrasts sharply with the conventional prehistoric narrative of the Western world. By using examples taken from Hoabinhian material uncovered during recent excavations in the Laang Spean cave in Cambodia by the MEAE's “Mission Préhistorique Franco-Cambodgienne”, we aim to illustrate the originality and diversity of lithic reduction sequences on pebbles. We will also propose functional hypotheses for these pebbles using a structural approach based on 3D modeling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136094701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La recherche préhistorique du Pléistocène et de l’Holocène en Amérique du Sud : une perspective techno-fonctionnelle","authors":"Marina González-Varas","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The field of prehistoric research in South America has been shaped by various schools of thought. Historically, the French School probably focused more on the most ancient periods. This school has applied rigorous excavation methods, including spatial studies, 3D recording of archaeological remains, and technological analyses of lithic artifacts. In the past two decades, a new school of thought — functional technology — has emerged, offering a fresh perspective in prehistoric research. This article aims to undertake an historical review of academic contributions on this theme, reflect on the impact of this school as a methodological cornerstone for lithic studies in South America, and propose scientific guidelines for current and future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45306681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding “déjetés” flakes: Investigating the anatomical factors behind asymmetrical flake attributes","authors":"Amir Beshkani","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The primary emphasis of this study is placed on the “déjetés” flakes within the context of the Zagros Mousterian industry. The objective is to explore how various knapping gestures and positions of the upper limbs may influence the attributes of these blanks. The hypothesis proposed establishes a potential correlation between the probale more limited abduction range in Neanderthals, the altered direction of force applied during the impact, and the flakes that are released diagonally.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136102429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the genus stereotype. Who were the first toolmarkers in Africa? Crossed views between archaeology and anatomy","authors":"Sandrine Prat","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The evolutionary history of hominins and archaeological assemblages has become considerably more complex in the last twenty-five years due to the contribution of innovative analytical methods and new archaeological and paleoanthropological discoveries. The discoveries unearthed in eastern and southern Africa show a high biological and cultural diversity. But what is the nature of the relationships between hominins and the different material cultures? Singularity or plurality of the stone and bone-tool makers and archaeological assemblages? We propose a crossed view on these questions based on investigations of hominin/culture associations in the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene fieldwork records, morphology-underlying hominins with manual skills as well on interdisciplinary research conducted recently. Our work highlights the plurality of bone and stone toolmakers, in particular <em>Paranthropus</em>, <em>H. habilis</em> and <em>H. erectus/ergaster</em> for Oldowan assemblages. Similarly, in terms of anatomy, the type of dexterity required to make Oldowan assemblages is likely not limited to <em>Homo</em> genus. The frequency of <em>Paranthropus</em> remains associated with Oldowan assemblages is not negligible and insignificant. The occurrences between Oldowan assemblages and <em>Paranthropus</em> seem not to be coincidental and <em>Paranthropus</em> should be therefore considered as a stone and bone-tool maker in the same way as it is for early <em>Homo</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136117668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human behavior, space and activity. Methodological discussion on the spatial organization of camps by Mesolithic communities based on the Nieborowa I (Poland)","authors":"T. Boroń, M. Winiarska-Kabacińska","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44583244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Excavation of Gua Harimau's Western Gallery: A Contribution to the Terminal Pleistocene-Early Holocene archaeological records in Sumatra","authors":"Mohammad Ruly Fauzi ,&nbsp;Adhi Agus Oktaviana ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mirza Ansyori ,&nbsp;Sofwan Noerwidi ,&nbsp;Dyah Prastiningtyas ,&nbsp;Sigit Eko Prasetyo ,&nbsp;Budiman ,&nbsp;Harry Widianto ,&nbsp;Retno Handini ,&nbsp;Rokhus Due Awe ,&nbsp;Truman Simanjuntak","doi":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anthro.2023.103156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gua Harimau (<em>gua</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->cave) is a crucial site for understand the prehistory of Sumatra and its relationship to the peopling of Insular Southeast Asia. A large number of archaeological records has been discovered at the western part of the cave, including human burials, lithic artefacts, potteries, and faunal remains that have been anthropogenically altered. The chronological stratigraphy of these records extends to the Late Pleistocene Period, enabling us to reconstruct the dynamics of prehistoric culture in Sumatra. At least three episodes of human occupation have been recognized in the cave: The Preneolithic, Neolithic, and Paleometalic (early metal age). However, the distributional pattern of various archaeological remains, such as mollusk shells, ground tools, unifacially-shaped pebble tools, and bone artefacts, reveals significant differences. These differences provide insight into the cultural development that occurred in Sumatra during the prehistoric occupation of Gua Harimau, and demonstrate changes in cultural affinity that may correspond to past environmental conditions and human adaptation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46860,"journal":{"name":"Anthropologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45691092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}