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Growing Up Together: Brooklyn’s Truant School and the Carceral and Educational State, 1857-1924 一起成长：布鲁克林的Truant学校与尸体和教育国家，1857-1924
IF 0.4 4区 历史学
Journal of Urban History Pub Date : 2023-01-18 DOI: 10.1177/00961442221142053
J. Kafka
{"title":"Growing Up Together: Brooklyn’s Truant School and the Carceral and Educational State, 1857-1924","authors":"J. Kafka","doi":"10.1177/00961442221142053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442221142053","url":null,"abstract":"This article uses the history of Brooklyn’s Truant School from its inception in 1857 to its demise in 1924 to highlight the interconnected rationales for public education and juvenile incarceration in nineteenth and early twentieth century urban America. Drawing on newspaper accounts and Board of Education records, I seek to historicize current understandings of the so-called school-to-prison pipeline by examining how the nation’s modern penal and school systems were developed together during the antebellum and Progressive eras, not in tension, but as two sides of the same coin.","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":"49 1","pages":"974 - 994"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42910809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Precinct of the Dead and Saints for the Nation: The Bolivian National Revolution and Gualberto Villarroel, 1943-1956 亡灵和国家圣徒的辖区:玻利维亚国民革命和瓜阿尔贝托·维拉罗埃尔，1943-1956
IF 0.4 4区 历史学
Journal of Urban History Pub Date : 2023-01-13 DOI: 10.1177/00961442221143731
Luis M. Sierra
{"title":"The Precinct of the Dead and Saints for the Nation: The Bolivian National Revolution and Gualberto Villarroel, 1943-1956","authors":"Luis M. Sierra","doi":"10.1177/00961442221143731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442221143731","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on Major Gualberto Villarroel’s dictatorship in Bolivia (1943-1946), his murder, and the reanimation of his memory as a Bolivian national hero by the MNR party or Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (Nationalist Revolutionary Movement). This nationalist party forged out of the crucible of the Chaco War, between Bolivia and Paraguay during 1932-1935, was an important factor in Bolivian politics throughout the twentieth century and initially came to power through an urban insurrection in April 1952. The article specifically uses the case of Gualberto Villarroel to explore why some national heroes are missing from the La Paz cemetery, how the MNR chose to commemorate the Revolution of 1952 and Villarroel’s martyrdom for the MNR in 1946, and how the MNR used those events to colonize urban space, to shape collective memory, and to silence popular historical actors. The MNR’s choice in making Villarroel a martyr required a revision of historical reality.","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47507716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Where Protection Meets Punishment: Public Education and the Carceral State in Urban America 保护与惩罚相遇的地方：公共教育与美国城市的丧葬状态
IF 0.4 4区 历史学
Journal of Urban History Pub Date : 2023-01-12 DOI: 10.1177/00961442221142052
Walter C. Stern
{"title":"Where Protection Meets Punishment: Public Education and the Carceral State in Urban America","authors":"Walter C. Stern","doi":"10.1177/00961442221142052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442221142052","url":null,"abstract":"This essay calls upon scholars in the largely siloed fields of history of education and carceral studies to examine the history of American education and criminal legal systems in tandem rather than in isolation from one another. In introducing the special section’s articles, it proposes a new template for historicizing the “school-to-prison pipeline” in particular and the intertwined evolution of the state’s protective, preventative, and punitive power more broadly. Specifically, the essay discusses how the carceral state both moved into and emerged from within public schools prior to and following the 1960s and 1970s. It also notes that the relationship between public education and the carceral state evolved in highly localized and contingent ways based upon the actions of individuals, organizations, and institutions at the community, state, and federal level. The essay concludes with a discussion of considerations for further research.","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":"49 1","pages":"963 - 973"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46053087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
“The Police State in Franklin K. Lane”: Desegregation, Student Resistance, and the Carceral Turn at a New York City High School “富兰克林·K·莱恩的警察州”：驱逐、学生抵抗和纽约市一所高中的葬礼转折
IF 0.4 4区 历史学
Journal of Urban History Pub Date : 2023-01-11 DOI: 10.1177/00961442221142060
Noah Remnick
{"title":"“The Police State in Franklin K. Lane”: Desegregation, Student Resistance, and the Carceral Turn at a New York City High School","authors":"Noah Remnick","doi":"10.1177/00961442221142060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442221142060","url":null,"abstract":"This essay seeks to understand the origins, development, and consequences of school policing and student discipline at Franklin K. Lane High School in New York City. During the fevered years of the late 1960s, perhaps no other school in the country saw more tension, violence, repression, and resistance. What took place there represented a kind of denouement in the city’s decades-long battles over race, class, policing, discipline, desegregation, community control, and student rights. In centering the happenings at Lane, this essay demonstrates how the logics and politics of school policing and student discipline were forged not only from the top down, by government officials at the highest levels, but also from the bottom up, in the complex interplay between the parents, student organizers, teachers, and administrators at the school. It also demonstrates how city officials leveraged individual school conflicts into broader carceral expansions that affected the entire public education system.","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":"49 1","pages":"1071 - 1087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47668268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Disciplining Our Own: Politicizing the Image of the Strict Black Principals, 1970-1985 管教我们自己:黑人校长形象的政治化，1970-1985
IF 0.4 4区 历史学
Journal of Urban History Pub Date : 2023-01-11 DOI: 10.1177/00961442221142061
Mahasan Offutt-Chaney
{"title":"Disciplining Our Own: Politicizing the Image of the Strict Black Principals, 1970-1985","authors":"Mahasan Offutt-Chaney","doi":"10.1177/00961442221142061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442221142061","url":null,"abstract":"Between the 1970s and 1980s, a bipartisan group of philanthropists, educational researchers, and eventually the Ronald Reagan administration politicized the image of the strict school disciplinarian as the key to urban school turnaround. While Black communities saw Black leaders as part of a broader project of racial and economic justice, local and national networks of educational elites reduced Black urban communities’ demands for self-determination to the disciplinarian strategies of strict Black leaders. This group of actors advanced Black school leaders’ disciplinarian strategies as a substitute for structural reforms that targeted the political and economic conditions that constrained urban schools. This idea of the strict Black disciplinarian clarifies how discipline became a dominant focus of school reform after 1970. In doing so, it deepens understanding of the educationalization of social problems, clarifies how and why discipline became a dominant focus of school reform after 1970, and illuminates the consequences of the neoliberal carceral turn in urban education.","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":"49 1","pages":"1088 - 1107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48321556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Animopolis: Re-Imagining Animals in the City 动物都市:重新想象城市里的动物
IF 0.4 4区 历史学
Journal of Urban History Pub Date : 2023-01-04 DOI: 10.1177/00961442221144681
Jessica Pierce
{"title":"Animopolis: Re-Imagining Animals in the City","authors":"Jessica Pierce","doi":"10.1177/00961442221144681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442221144681","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47856005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Stop Talking and Act”: The Battle between Tough on Crime Policing and Guardianship of Black Juvenile Gangs in Philadelphia, 1958-1969 “停止说话，行动起来”:1958-1969年费城黑人少年帮派严厉的犯罪监管与监护之间的斗争
IF 0.4 4区 历史学
Journal of Urban History Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1177/00961442221142055
M. Dirkson
{"title":"“Stop Talking and Act”: The Battle between Tough on Crime Policing and Guardianship of Black Juvenile Gangs in Philadelphia, 1958-1969","authors":"M. Dirkson","doi":"10.1177/00961442221142055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442221142055","url":null,"abstract":"The 1958 robbery and murder of international student, In-Ho Oh, by eleven black teenagers in West Philadelphia created public outcry on the issue of black gangs in desegregating neighborhoods. The interracial homicide unofficially sparked a full-fledged tough on crime program by police and city officials. From 1958 to 1969, police and city officials became more concerned about black gangs because they feared white flight and white middle-class disinvestment from inner-city businesses and institutions that fed Philadelphia’s tax base. However, black community activists believed the “gang problem” could be solved with education, recreation, social welfare, and job training. Nevertheless, Philadelphia’s police department and City Council handled black gang activity with tough on crime policing and mass incarceration while black community activists provided “guardianship” to black youth to keep them out of the prison system and promote a positive reputation of black citizens.","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":"49 1","pages":"1015 - 1034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41433447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Segregation to Suspension: The Solidification of the Contemporary School-Prison Nexus in Boston, 1963-1985 从隔离到休学：波士顿当代学校与监狱关系的固化，1963-1985
IF 0.4 4区 历史学
Journal of Urban History Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1177/00961442221142059
Matthew B. Kautz
{"title":"From Segregation to Suspension: The Solidification of the Contemporary School-Prison Nexus in Boston, 1963-1985","authors":"Matthew B. Kautz","doi":"10.1177/00961442221142059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442221142059","url":null,"abstract":"Current scholarship emphasizes the adoption of “zero-tolerance” policies as the cause of the punitive turn in school discipline. The focus on “zero tolerance,” however, has obscured how and for what offenses schools most commonly issue suspensions, namely non-attendance and “classroom disruption.” Using Boston as case study, this article situates the formation of the contemporary school-prison nexus in the decades following the Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v. Board of Education and argues the preservation of educator discretion shaped its structure. Beginning in the decade prior to Boston’s court-ordered desegregation, it analyzes how white Bostonians racialized conceptions of safety and crime to sustain segregation and how that rhetoric shaped the city’s preparations for and implementation of desegregation. It examines how police conduct combined with educators’ disciplining power repurposed the racist logics undergirding segregation to make schools active institutions in spurring carceral expansion and later mass incarceration.","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":"49 1","pages":"1049 - 1070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46312583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Mapping the Contours of Black Juvenile Delinquency: The Journal of Negro Education, 1945-1975 绘制黑人青少年犯罪的轮廓：《黑人教育杂志》，1945-1975
IF 0.4 4区 历史学
Journal of Urban History Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1177/00961442221142054
Deirdre M. Dougherty
{"title":"Mapping the Contours of Black Juvenile Delinquency: The Journal of Negro Education, 1945-1975","authors":"Deirdre M. Dougherty","doi":"10.1177/00961442221142054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442221142054","url":null,"abstract":"This essay draws on media studies methodologies to map the ways in which the Journal of Negro Education (JNE) defined juvenile delinquency both as a legal and social construct and how its contributors and approached the relationship between delinquency and schooling between 1945 and 1975. Situated in the mediatized history of social science and its role in defining issues of public concern, and in historiography that attends to the criminalization of black youth, this essay contends that the shifting meanings of what delinquency symbolized in the pages of JNE and its relationship to race allow us insight into how the liberal democratic state has approached who counts as a citizen, who can be included in the future of the nation, and how schools as total institutions are related to white supremacist notions of discipline and control.","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":"49 1","pages":"995 - 1014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48971924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“You Know It When You See It”: Drug Nuisance Property and the Carceral Management of Racialized Disinvestment in Philadelphia “当你看到它时，你就知道了”:费城毒品滋扰财产和种族化撤资的监管
IF 0.4 4区 历史学
Journal of Urban History Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.1177/00961442221144024
Jackson A Smith
{"title":"“You Know It When You See It”: Drug Nuisance Property and the Carceral Management of Racialized Disinvestment in Philadelphia","authors":"Jackson A Smith","doi":"10.1177/00961442221144024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00961442221144024","url":null,"abstract":"In 1991, Philadelphia prosecutors formed the Public Nuisance Task Force (PNTF) to close bars they accused of harboring narcotics activity. Between the early 1990s and the late 2010s, the PNTF would go on to seize 1,697 homes, most located in Black and Latinx neighborhoods devastated by decades of disinvestment. I contend that the PNTF mobilized municipal carceral power to target these drug nuisance properties as they attempted to manage enduring disinvestment in Philadelphia’s most racially segregated neighborhoods. Prosecutors defended these practices by claiming they remedied the harms associated with the criminalized distribution of narcotics. However, my research reveals how the PNTF’s home seizure program ultimately exacerbated the compounded harms caused by drug prohibition and disinvestment. I argue that within this drug nuisance policing framework utilized by PNTF prosecutors, it was precisely the vulnerability of Black and Latinx homeowners to harm that racially marked them as unfit for property ownership.","PeriodicalId":46838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45062880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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