Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Barriers to colorectal cancer screening tests among adults in the Saudi population: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Mohammed Aldakhil MD ,&nbsp;Raghad Ibrahim albarrak MD ,&nbsp;Rose khalaf Alharbi MD ,&nbsp;Yara Fahad Almazyad MD ,&nbsp;Rawan Khaled Alharbi MD ,&nbsp;Lama Abdullateef Albshry MD ,&nbsp;Layan Abdulaziz Altuwejri MD ,&nbsp;Dalia Abdulrhman Alammari MD ,&nbsp;Ghadah Abdulrahman Alsuhaibani MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most prevalent cancer in Saudi Arabia and the leading cause of gastrointestinal cancer-related mortality. Despite effective screening methods, participation remains low, resulting in delayed diagnoses and poor outcomes. Barriers include limited awareness, cultural beliefs, healthcare system constraints, and insufficient physician recommendations. Existing studies show variable findings, highlighting the need for a comprehensive synthesis.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify and categorize barriers to CRC screening in Saudi Arabia by examining individual, healthcare system, and sociocultural factors, and to provide recommendations for improving screening uptake.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, the Saudi Digital Library, and the Cochrane Library was performed. Eligible studies examined barriers to CRC screening among Saudi adults using quantitative or qualitative methods. Non-Saudi, non-human, review, or methodologically unclear studies were excluded. Two independent reviewers conducted data extraction and quality assessment using ROBINS-I for observational studies and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for RCTs. Heterogeneity was evaluated with Cochran’s Q and I², while publication bias was assessed using Begg’s test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 130 studies screened, 14 met the inclusion criteria. The most frequent barriers were lack of knowledge, absent physician recommendation, cultural stigma, gender-related concerns, and limited access. Meta-analysis revealed high heterogeneity (I² = 83.9%, p &lt; 0.001). Physician recommendation was the strongest predictor of participation, while stigma and access issues were key deterrents. No publication bias was detected (Begg’s test p = 0.296).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CRC screening in Saudi Arabia is hindered by multifactorial barriers. Targeted awareness, physician-driven initiatives, improved access, and culturally sensitive interventions are essential to enhance participation and reduce CRC mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 5","pages":"Pages 654-662"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How golden age Arab-Islamic scholars revolutionized sleep physiology and dream analysis","authors":"Ahmed S. BaHammam MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>قدّم علماء العرب المسلمين في العصور الوسطى (من القرن السابع إلى الثالث عشر الميلادي) مساهماتٍ محوريةً في علم النوم، لم تُقدّر حق قدرها، مزجوا فيها بين الملاحظة التجريبية والفهم الفقهي. تتناول هذه المراجعة النصوص الأساسية، وخاصةً كتاب \"الحاوي في الطب\" للرازي وكتاب \"القانون في الطب\" لابن سينا، إلى جانب المراجع الثانوية، لإلقاء الضوء على فهمهم المتقدم لفسيولوجيا النوم واضطراباته والأحلام. كان الرازي رائدا في المنهجيات السريرية المبكرة، مستخدما مجموعات مقارنة لتقييم علاجات اضطرابات النوم. قدّم ملاحظات مُفصّلة عن \"شلل النوم\"، مُميّزا بين الأنواع المُتمركزة في المعدة والدماغ، وتناول حالات مثل الأرق وسلس البول الليلي. تتوافق توصياته المتعلقة بالممارسات الصحية في النوم، والتي تُركّز على النظام الغذائي والروتين والتوازن العاطفي، بشكلٍ لافت مع أفضل الممارسات الحديثة. قدمت نظرية ابن سينا النفسية (الروح النفسية) تفسيراً ميكانيكياً لانتقالات النوم واليقظة، واقترح ثلاث مراحل للنوم بناءً على تغيرات النبض. كما قدم وصفاً مبكراً وذا صلة سريرية لأعراض انقطاع النفس الانسدادي النومي، موصيا بالعلاج الوضعي. تُظهر تحليلاته لوضعية النوم، والهضم، وعلم الأدوية نهجاً منهجياً لا يزال صالحاً حتى اليوم. كذلك، وسّع ابن النفيس نظرية النوم مجادلا بأن القدرات الداخلية، مثل الخيال، تظل نشطة أثناء النوم، مما مهّد الطريق لفهم حديث للتنشيط العصبي الانتقائي. وصف ابن الجزار فرط النوم (السبات) والانهيار المرتبط بالصرع، ملمحا إلى المفاهيم المبكرة لمرض النوم القهري (الانتيابي). تُقر نظرية الأحلام الإسلامية، المستندة إلى القرآن الكريم والأحاديث النبوية الشريفة، بالأحلام كظواهر فسيولوجية ورسائل روحية. طوّر علماء الحضارة العربية في العصور الوسطى أنظمة تصنيف دقيقة ميّزوا من خلالها بين الرؤى الإلهية والأحلام الناتجة عن أسباب نفسية أو جسدية، وهو نهج جمع بين علم اللاهوت، والفلسفة، والبدايات الأولى لعلم النفس.. تُبيّن هذه المساهمات مجتمعةً أن علماء المسلمين في العصور الوسطى وضعوا أسسا أساسية لطب النوم، مُتحدّين بذلك التاريخ ذا النزعة الأوروبية، ومؤكدين على القيمة الراسخة للتقاليد الفكرية المتنوعة.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 5","pages":"Pages 596-611"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors affecting marriage decisions among couples with sickle cell or beta-thalassemia traits","authors":"Mohammed Badedi MD ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Muidh BSc ,&nbsp;Mannaa Alsayed BSc ,&nbsp;Hussain Darraj MD ,&nbsp;Ali Shubaili MD ,&nbsp;Abdulaziz Darraj MD ,&nbsp;Yahya Hobani Diploma ,&nbsp;Musa Ahmadini BSc ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Hakami MD ,&nbsp;Nabeel Gharawi MD ,&nbsp;Mohammed Hakami Diploma ,&nbsp;Khalid Shrwani PhD ,&nbsp;Nhari Malhan BSc ,&nbsp;Asma Mokali MD ,&nbsp;Ahmed Abdaly MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>أهداف البحث</h3><div>تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم مدى انتشار الزواج بين الأزواج غير المتوافقين وراثيًا، والمُعرّضين لخطر إنجاب أطفال مصابين بفقر الدم المنجلي أو أنيميا البحر المتوسط في منطقة جازان بالمملكة العربية السعودية، بالإضافة إلى تقييم العوامل المؤثرة في قرار هؤلاء الأزواج بالإقدام على الزواج.</div></div><div><h3>طرق البحث</h3><div>تم اعتماد تصميم دراسة مقطعية تحليلية. واستُخلصت العينة من قاعدة بيانات برنامج الفحص الطبي قبل الزواج الوطني، حيث جرى اختيار 386 زوجًا بشكل عشوائي من بين الأزواج الذين أظهرت نتائج فحوصاتهم وجود عدم توافق وراثي واحتمالية إنجاب أطفال مصابين بفقر الدم المنجلي أو أنيميا البحر المتوسط.</div></div><div><h3>النتائج</h3><div>بلغ معدل انتشار الزيجات عالية الخطورة التي قد تؤدي إلى إنجاب أطفال مصابين بفقر الدم المنجلي أو أنيميا البحر المتوسط نحو 60.4%. وقد كان الإقدام على الزواج أكثر شيوعًا بين المشاركين الذين كانوا متزوجين أو مطلقين أو أرامل، أو ممن لديهم أبناء خلال فترة الفحص، مقارنةً بغير المتزوجين .(P = 0.006)كما أظهرت النتائج أن الأزواج الذين يمتلكون معرفة ووعيًا جيدًا بمخاطر فقر الدم المنجلي على حياة الأطفال كانوا أكثر ميلًا لاتخاذ قرار بعدم الزواج .(P = 0.001) إضافة إلى ذلك، فإن الأزواج الذين حضروا جميع جلسات المشورة الوراثية ذات الصلة كانوا أكثر احتمالًا لاتخاذ قرار بعدم الزواج مقارنةً بمن حضروا جلسة واحدة فقط .(P = 0.001) وعلى الرغم من التأثير الإيجابي لتلك الجلسات، فقد كان للعديد من العوامل الاجتماعية والثقافية والدينية ، وعلى رأسها العامل الديني بنسبة 70.8% ، دورٌ مؤثرٌ في قرار الأزواج بالمضي قدمًا في الزواج وقبول احتمالية إنجاب طفل مصاب.</div></div><div><h3>الاستنتاجات</h3><div>نظرًا للانتشار المرتفع لحالات فقر الدم المنجلي وزيجات الخطورة الوراثية في منطقة جازان، توصي الدراسة بتوفير خدمات الإخصاب خارج الجسم وفحص الأجنة قبل التخصيب كخيارات وقائية للحد من هذه الأمراض الوراثية.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 5","pages":"Pages 622-628"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a nurse-led training program in improving the knowledge and skills in basic life support among newly hired nurses at the University Medical Center","authors":"Aida Baizulda ,&nbsp;Akbota Amangeldiyeva ,&nbsp;Gulsharat Metchenova ,&nbsp;Ayaulym Maratkyzy ,&nbsp;Assyltas Yeleussiz ,&nbsp;Askhat Tasbulatov ,&nbsp;Joseph Almazan DScN ,&nbsp;Jonas Cruz PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Basic Life Support (BLS) is a critical competency for nurses, however its training and evaluation often lack consistency. This issue is particularly evident in Central Asia, where limited evidence exists on scalable and sustainable educational models within medical science education to ensure frontline readiness.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study evaluated the effectiveness of a nurse-led, simulation-based BLS training program on the knowledge and skills of newly hired nurses at a tertiary academic medical center in Kazakhstan.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A one-group pre-test and post-test design assessed the impact of a structured BLS training program at the University Medical Center in Astana, Kazakhstan. Fifty-two newly hired nurses were enrolled, of whom forty-nine completed all immediate post-intervention assessments. The intervention integrated theoretical instruction, simulation-based practical training, and skills assessments based on European Resuscitation Council guidelines. BLS knowledge was assessed via a 20-item multiple-choice test, and skills were evaluated using a validated checklist. Differences in outcomes across three time points, namely, pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, and 1–2 months post-intervention, were analyzed using paired <em>t</em>-tests and repeated-measures analysis of variance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Knowledge scores significantly improved immediately after the intervention (M = 18.10, standard deviation [SD] = 2.52) compared to the pre-test (M = 8.71, SD = 3.01; p &lt; 0.001). However, a significant decline was noted at 1 month (M = 11.53, SD = 2.52; p &lt; 0.001). By contrast, practical skills showed continuous improvement, with mean scores increasing from 3.47 (SD = 1.27) pre-intervention to 13.10 (SD = 0.92) at 2 months (p &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This is one of the first studies in Central Asia to evaluate a nurse-led, simulation-based BLS program with follow-up. The findings offer practical implications for medical and nursing education by demonstrating that such models can improve early medical preparedness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 5","pages":"Pages 728-736"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From flowers to function: Structural and biomedical exploration of iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized from Rhododendron arboreum extract","authors":"Iram Saba PhD Scholar ,&nbsp;Vivek K. Dhiman PhD ,&nbsp;Susmitha Kalaichelvan PhD ,&nbsp;Rajasekaran Subbarayan PhD ,&nbsp;Ankush Chauhan PhD ,&nbsp;Ritesh Verma PhD ,&nbsp;Khalid Mujasam Batoo PhD ,&nbsp;Saif Hameed PhD ,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Ibrahim PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study was aimed at developing a green, ecologically friendly method for synthesizing iron oxide nanoparticles (α-Fe₂O₃ NPs) by using <em>Rhododendron arboreum</em> flower extract, as well as evaluating their potential biomedical applications.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the α-Fe₂O₃ NPs synthesized from the <em>Rhododendron arboreum</em> flower extract.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Comprehensive characterization of the synthesized α-Fe₂O₃ NPs revealed a hydrodynamic diameter of 274.7 nm and a zeta potential of −18.6 mV. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of crystalline α-Fe₂O₃ with an average crystallite size of 32.03 nm. The nanoparticles exhibited potent antibacterial activity against <em>Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,</em> and <em>Salmonella typhi</em>, with lower minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values than the flower extract, thus indicating enhanced antimicrobial efficacy. Anti-inflammatory potential, assessed with egg albumin denaturation assays, indicated a significant decrease in inflammation. Furthermore, cytotoxicity evaluations in MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines indicated an IC₅₀ value of 22 μg/mL, suggesting promise for cancer therapy applications.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings highlight the successful green synthesis of α-Fe₂O₃ NPs with potential biomedical applications in antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 5","pages":"Pages 737-750"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145333366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caffeic acid phenethyl ester promotes palatal wound healing and enhances wound-associated macrophage CD68 expression.","authors":"Arin O Suningdyastiningrum, Islamy R Hutami, Yuli Berliani, Yayun S Rochmah","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Palatal wounds may result in open lesions, which can lead to extended inflammation, discomfort, wound contraction, scar tissue development, interference with phonation or mastication, and disruption of maxillofacial growth. Flavonoids are known to possess the ability to diminish macrophage pro-inflammatory activity and to facilitate macrophage-mediated resolution of inflammation, thereby accelerating the healing process. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), the principal bioactive constituent of propolis, belongs to this family, and is known to diminish inflammatory cell count, accelerate wound contraction, and promote re-epithelialisation by decreasing lipid peroxidation and the production of reactive oxygen species. This study assesses the impact of CAPE on macrophage expression markers during palatal wound healing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 45 male BALB/c mice, aged 3 months, were allocated into control (saline), CAPE-treatment (CAPE-T), and CAPE-pretreatment (CAPE-PT) groups, and underwent palatal tissue excision at the mid-hard palate. CAPE was administered intraperitoneally at a dosage of 4 mg/kg of body weight. Clinical observation of palatal wound closure and liver were conducted by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) analysis. Immunohistochemical (IHC) examination of CD68 and TGF-β1 was conducted to assess the inflammatory markers during palatal wound closure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On days 3 and 5, the CAPE-T and CAPE-PT groups showed faster wound healing than the control. CAPE also caused a significant weight gain in mice. IHC analysis revealed more CD68-positive cells and higher TGF-β1 levels, along with lower TNF-α and iNOS expression on day 5.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CAPE positively influences palatal wound healing by accelerating wound closure and modulating CD68, TGF-β1, TNF-α, and iNOS expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 4","pages":"546-555"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12356463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144875932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preemptive analgesia regimen modulates hippocampal <i>c-fos</i> expression in a rat postoperative uterine pain model.","authors":"Saima Mumtaz, Najma Baseer, Syed H Habib, Noman U Wazir","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study evaluated morphologically <i>c-fos</i> positive neuronal cells in hippocampal areas and additionally assessed rat behavior associated with the use of a preemptive analgesia regimen in rat surgical pain models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 150-250 g and 8-10 weeks of age, were included in this laboratory-based experimental study at Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, over approximately 2 years, from January 2022 to January 2024. The rats were divided into a superficial pain group and a deep pain group. Each group was further subdivided into tramadol, buprenorphine, and saline subgroups. Isoflurane general anesthesia was administered. Pain was assessed with a subjective pain scale (Abdominal Pain Assessment, APA) at 2, 4, 6, 9, and 24 h post-surgery. Expression of c-fos in hippocampal tissue, including the dentate gyrus, CA1, and CA3 regions, was detected immunohistochemically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postoperative administration of a preemptive regimen comprising either buprenorphine or tramadol significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) mitigated the presence of surgically induced <i>c-fos</i> expressing cells in the hippocampus in both primary groups. Furthermore, across the entire time period (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) the preemptive treatment in the deep pain group resulted in a considerably lower APA than observed in the saline group. However, in the superficial pain group, the differences in APA among the three subgroups were statistically insignificant (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Postoperative pain was significantly diminished in animal models with use of a preemptive regimen. This regimen not only decreased pain transmission but also ameliorated emotional distress in the animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 4","pages":"533-545"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12355550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144875935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of empagliflozin in nondiabetic fatty liver patients: A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Bahaa Osman Taha, Mohammad A Kobeisy, Essam Abdelmohsen, Tarek Abdelrhman, Marwa M Abokresha, Zeinab M Hassanein, Mohammad H M AbdEllah-Alawi","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Metabolic fatty liver disease is a common disease with numerous health risks. Life modification remains the primary treatment. Previous studies have shown that the sodium‒glucose cotransporter has a positive effect on improving fatty liver in individuals with diabetes mellitus, but it has not been extensively studied in nondiabetic patients with fatty liver. The aim of this study was to assess the immediate effects of empagliflozin in treating nondiabetic metabolic fatty liver disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective parallel-group open-label study on fifty-five nondiabetic metabolic fatty liver patients. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: twenty-two patients received lifestyle advice alone (L-arm), and thirty-three patients received lifestyle advice plus empagliflozin 10 mg daily (LE-arm). After 6 months, non-invasive elastography (fibro-scan) was used to check for changes in hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Body mass index, waist circumference, arterial blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin, and lipid profiles were also used to measure metabolic outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LE-arm showed a mean CAP reduction of 38 dB/m compared to 8 dB/m in the L-arm (p = 0.001). Moreover, there was a slight improvement in liver fibrosis, as well as improvements in metabolic measures such as blood pressure (p value 0.034), waist circumference (p value 0.01), and weight reduction (2.5 kg vs. 1 kg, p value 0.022).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Along with lifestyle changes, empagliflozin may improve hepatic steatosis and the metabolic profile in nondiabetic fatty liver patients. However, conducting a longer term risk‒benefit analysis requires more research.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>NCT05694923 at 2023-01-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 4","pages":"525-532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12355493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144875934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenging tradition: Pediatric thoracotomy can be performed safely without a chest tube: A retrospective study.","authors":"Mohammad Al-Hurani, Tamador Al-Shamaileh, Azza Gharaibeh, Mohamad K Abou Chaar, Mohammed O Al-Bssol, Tariq Shannies, Farah A Abdallah, Hussam Ananzeh, Khalil Ghandour, Mohammad S Al Omari","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Chest tubes have traditionally been inserted after thoracotomy to evacuate air and fluid, thereby preventing inadequate lung expansion or tension pneumothorax. However, this practice has recently been questioned. This study was aimed at assessing the safety of omitting chest tube insertion in pediatric patients undergoing thoracotomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study among all pediatric patients younger than 19 years who underwent thoracotomy between January 2016 and October 2018 at our center. Data including patient demographics and surgical outcomes were collected and compared between all patients with vs without intraoperative chest tube insertion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 66 identified patients, 38 (57.6 %) had a chest tube inserted (CT group), and 28 (42.4 %) had no chest tube inserted (NCT group) intraoperatively. The median patient age was 13 years (range 1-19 years). A total of 59 patients (89.4 %) underwent lung wedge resection, 4 (6.1 %) underwent rib excision, and 3 (4.5 %) underwent thoracotomy for mediastinal mass excision. Among the patients who underwent lung wedge resection, fewer than three lesions were resected from the lung in 24 patients (96.0 %) in the NCT group and 25 patients (73.5 %) in the CT group, representing a statistically significant difference (P = 0.034).The median hospital stay in the CT group (5 (range 2, 15) days) was significantly longer than that in the NCT group (2.50 (range 1, 8) days) (P ≥ 0.0001). Follow-up imaging indicated full lung expansion in 34 patients (89.5 %) in the CT group and 23 patients (82.1 %) in the NCT group (no significant difference; p = 0.47). No mortalities or readmissions were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In pediatric thoracotomy, especially with fewer than three lung wedge resections, chest tube insertion can be safely omitted. This approach does not increase the postoperative chest tube insertion rate and is associated with shorter hospital stays.</p>","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 4","pages":"517-524"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12355502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144875933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-ecological exploration of antenatal exercise among pregnant Saudi women","authors":"Donna Alhajiri PhD ,&nbsp;Ali A. Weinstein PhD ,&nbsp;Panagiota Kitsantas PhD ,&nbsp;Kyeung Mi Oh PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>أهداف البحث</h3><div>يهدف التحول في مجال الرعاية الصحية السعودي إلى تحسين رفاهية الأفراد من خلال زيادة مستويات النشاط البدني وبما فيهم السيدات الحوامل. تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى استكشاف العوامل المؤثرة على الالتزام بإرشادات الكلية الأمريكية لأطباء التوليد وأمراض النساء للتمارين الرياضية أثناء الحمل بين النساء السعوديات الحوامل وارتباطها بأداء التمارين الرياضية على المستوى الشخصي والاجتماعي والبيئي وعلى المستوى التنظيمي والسياسات.</div></div><div><h3>طرق البحث</h3><div>هذه الدراسة مقطعية واستكشافية وتتضمن مشاركة ٢٥٤ سيدة سعودية حاملاً حمل طبعي بجنين واحد على قيد الحياة وتتراوح أعمارهن بين ١٨ و ٤٥ سنة. واُسْتُخْدِم المقياس الذاتي الذي جُمِع عن طريق استخدام العينة الملائمة من مراجعات لعيادات متابعة الحمل بالمنطقة الشرقية خلال الفترة من شهر أبريل إلى أغسطس ٢٠٢٣، بمعدل استجابة ٩٤.٤%.</div></div><div><h3>النتائج</h3><div>انخفض مستوى الالتزام بإرشادات التمارين الرياضية بين النساء السعوديات الحوامل بنسبة ٥٩.٨% أثناء الحمل مقارنة بمستويات ما قبل الحمل. وعبرت السيدات السعوديات أن أكثر المعوقات لأداء الرياضة أثناء الحمل كانت العوامل الشخصية، وخاصة التعب ومضايقات الحمل والخوف من ممارسة الرياضة. وعلى العكس عبرت النساء السعوديات أن توفر الدعم الاجتماعي والتثقيف الصحي على المستوى الاجتماعي من أكثر العوامل المساعدة على أداء التمارين الرياضية أثناء الحمل، إلى جانب العوامل التنظيمية والسياسية، وخاصة سهولة الوصول إلى مرافق التمارين الرياضية. كما تشير نتائج تحليل الانحدار إلى أن للعوامل الشخصية (ممارسة التمارين الرياضية قبل الحمل) والعوامل التنظيمية والسياسية (التعبير عن عدم وجود برامج تمارين خاصة بالحمل كعائق أمام ممارسة الرياضة) أثرا إيجابيا على التزام النساء السعوديات بإرشادات التمارين الرياضية أثناء الحمل.</div></div><div><h3>الاستنتاجات</h3><div>انخفض مستوى الالتزام بإرشادات ممارسة التمارين الرياضة بشكل واضح أثناء الحمل بين النساء السعوديات. كما عبرت النساء عن العوامل الشخصية باعتبارها عوائق للرياضة، في حين كان توفر العوامل الاجتماعية المناسبة من أكثر المحفزات للممارسة الرياضة في أثناء الحمل.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}