Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Challenging tradition: Pediatric thoracotomy can be performed safely without a chest tube: A retrospective study.","authors":"Mohammad Al-Hurani, Tamador Al-Shamaileh, Azza Gharaibeh, Mohamad K Abou Chaar, Mohammed O Al-Bssol, Tariq Shannies, Farah A Abdallah, Hussam Ananzeh, Khalil Ghandour, Mohammad S Al Omari","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Chest tubes have traditionally been inserted after thoracotomy to evacuate air and fluid, thereby preventing inadequate lung expansion or tension pneumothorax. However, this practice has recently been questioned. This study was aimed at assessing the safety of omitting chest tube insertion in pediatric patients undergoing thoracotomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study among all pediatric patients younger than 19 years who underwent thoracotomy between January 2016 and October 2018 at our center. Data including patient demographics and surgical outcomes were collected and compared between all patients with vs without intraoperative chest tube insertion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 66 identified patients, 38 (57.6 %) had a chest tube inserted (CT group), and 28 (42.4 %) had no chest tube inserted (NCT group) intraoperatively. The median patient age was 13 years (range 1-19 years). A total of 59 patients (89.4 %) underwent lung wedge resection, 4 (6.1 %) underwent rib excision, and 3 (4.5 %) underwent thoracotomy for mediastinal mass excision. Among the patients who underwent lung wedge resection, fewer than three lesions were resected from the lung in 24 patients (96.0 %) in the NCT group and 25 patients (73.5 %) in the CT group, representing a statistically significant difference (P = 0.034).The median hospital stay in the CT group (5 (range 2, 15) days) was significantly longer than that in the NCT group (2.50 (range 1, 8) days) (P ≥ 0.0001). Follow-up imaging indicated full lung expansion in 34 patients (89.5 %) in the CT group and 23 patients (82.1 %) in the NCT group (no significant difference; p = 0.47). No mortalities or readmissions were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In pediatric thoracotomy, especially with fewer than three lung wedge resections, chest tube insertion can be safely omitted. This approach does not increase the postoperative chest tube insertion rate and is associated with shorter hospital stays.</p>","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 4","pages":"517-524"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12355502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144875933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-ecological exploration of antenatal exercise among pregnant Saudi women","authors":"Donna Alhajiri PhD ,&nbsp;Ali A. Weinstein PhD ,&nbsp;Panagiota Kitsantas PhD ,&nbsp;Kyeung Mi Oh PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>أهداف البحث</h3><div>يهدف التحول في مجال الرعاية الصحية السعودي إلى تحسين رفاهية الأفراد من خلال زيادة مستويات النشاط البدني وبما فيهم السيدات الحوامل. تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى استكشاف العوامل المؤثرة على الالتزام بإرشادات الكلية الأمريكية لأطباء التوليد وأمراض النساء للتمارين الرياضية أثناء الحمل بين النساء السعوديات الحوامل وارتباطها بأداء التمارين الرياضية على المستوى الشخصي والاجتماعي والبيئي وعلى المستوى التنظيمي والسياسات.</div></div><div><h3>طرق البحث</h3><div>هذه الدراسة مقطعية واستكشافية وتتضمن مشاركة ٢٥٤ سيدة سعودية حاملاً حمل طبعي بجنين واحد على قيد الحياة وتتراوح أعمارهن بين ١٨ و ٤٥ سنة. واُسْتُخْدِم المقياس الذاتي الذي جُمِع عن طريق استخدام العينة الملائمة من مراجعات لعيادات متابعة الحمل بالمنطقة الشرقية خلال الفترة من شهر أبريل إلى أغسطس ٢٠٢٣، بمعدل استجابة ٩٤.٤%.</div></div><div><h3>النتائج</h3><div>انخفض مستوى الالتزام بإرشادات التمارين الرياضية بين النساء السعوديات الحوامل بنسبة ٥٩.٨% أثناء الحمل مقارنة بمستويات ما قبل الحمل. وعبرت السيدات السعوديات أن أكثر المعوقات لأداء الرياضة أثناء الحمل كانت العوامل الشخصية، وخاصة التعب ومضايقات الحمل والخوف من ممارسة الرياضة. وعلى العكس عبرت النساء السعوديات أن توفر الدعم الاجتماعي والتثقيف الصحي على المستوى الاجتماعي من أكثر العوامل المساعدة على أداء التمارين الرياضية أثناء الحمل، إلى جانب العوامل التنظيمية والسياسية، وخاصة سهولة الوصول إلى مرافق التمارين الرياضية. كما تشير نتائج تحليل الانحدار إلى أن للعوامل الشخصية (ممارسة التمارين الرياضية قبل الحمل) والعوامل التنظيمية والسياسية (التعبير عن عدم وجود برامج تمارين خاصة بالحمل كعائق أمام ممارسة الرياضة) أثرا إيجابيا على التزام النساء السعوديات بإرشادات التمارين الرياضية أثناء الحمل.</div></div><div><h3>الاستنتاجات</h3><div>انخفض مستوى الالتزام بإرشادات ممارسة التمارين الرياضة بشكل واضح أثناء الحمل بين النساء السعوديات. كما عبرت النساء عن العوامل الشخصية باعتبارها عوائق للرياضة، في حين كان توفر العوامل الاجتماعية المناسبة من أكثر المحفزات للممارسة الرياضة في أثناء الحمل.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes management: Self-management education and support program evaluations in Jeddah, KSA","authors":"Haifa Alnahdi FRCPc,&nbsp;Reem Alghamdi MBBS,&nbsp;Sarah Alyamani MBBS,&nbsp;Sara Taha MD,&nbsp;Raghad Rayes MBBS,&nbsp;Aminah Almadani MBBS,&nbsp;Heba Yassin MBBS,&nbsp;Latifah Alhamed MBBS,&nbsp;Amani M. Alhozali FRCPc,&nbsp;Khalid Alfares ABIM","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>أهداف البحث</h3><div>تعتمد إدارة مرض السكري بشكل فعال على التعليم والإدارة الذاتية. تسهم برامج تعليم ودعم إدارة الذات لمرضى السكريفي تزويد المرضى بالمعرفة والمهارات اللازمة، مع الأخذ في الاعتبار احتياجاتهم والمعايير المبنية على الأدلة لتحسين النتائج. ومع ذلك، فإن الالتزام بالإدارة الذاتية يمثل تحديا بسبب نقص التعليم. تقيم هذه الدراسة إدارة الرعاية الذاتية، وهي معيار للرعاية لمرضى السكري في جدة، المملكة العربية السعودية.</div></div><div><h3>طرق البحث</h3><div>قامت هذه الدراسة المستعرضة بتقييم ممارسات الرعاية الذاتية بين مرضى السكري في مركز طبي متخصص في جدة، المملكة العربية السعودية. تم جمع البيانات من خلال استبانة عبر الإنترنت تم إجراؤها من ديسمبر ۲۰۲٣ إلى أبريل ۲۰۲٤. شمل المشاركون الأفراد الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين ۱۸ عاما فأكثر والذين يعانون من مرض السكري من مستشفى الملك عبدالعزيز الجامعي. تم استبعاد العاملين في الرعاية الصحية والمرضى غير المصابين بالسكري. جمعت الاستبانة معلومات حول التركيبة السكانية، مدة المرض، الأدوية، الالتزام، المضاعفات، المعرفة، والتعليم المتعلق بإدارة مرض السكري. استخدمت نسخة معدلة من استبانة إدارة الذات لمرض السكري لاستكشاف أنشطة الرعاية الذاتية في إدارة مرض السكري. تم إجراء التحليل الإحصائي باستخدام \"اس بي اس اس ۲٦، وطبق اختبار كاي-التربيعي للمتغيرات النوعية، واختبار مان-ويتني يو للمتغيرات الكمية غير المعلمية، واختبار سبيرمان للارتباط.</div></div><div><h3>النتائج</h3><div>كانت المعرفة بشأن إدارة فرط سكر الدم كافية لدى ٧۰٪، لكن ٤٥٪ فقط كانوا على علم بكيفية تعديل الأدوية خلال الأمراض. كانت مستويات النشاط البدني منخفضة، حيث أفاد ٦۰٪ بممارسة القليل من التمارين. أولئك الذين يتلقون الأنسولين المكثف أظهروا ارتباطا أقوى بين المعرفة وممارسات الرعاية الذاتية، مع معامل ارتباط سبيرمان ۰٬١۸. كانت التفاعلات المتكررة مع مقدمي الرعاية الصحية مرتبطة بتسجيلات أعلى في إدارة الذات.</div></div><div><h3>الاستنتاجات</h3><div>يظهر المرضى المصابون بالسكري في المملكة العربية السعودية معرفة متوسطة، مع فجوات في إدارة الأمراض. يمكن أن يحسن التعليم المستهدف، وخاصة للمرضى الأصغر سنا والمصابين حديثا، من الرعاية الذاتية ونتائج الصحة.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 4","pages":"Pages 507-516"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. extract-protected rats against CCl4-induced liver fibrosis","authors":"Omokolade O. Alejolowo MSc ,&nbsp;Olarewaju M. Oluba PhD ,&nbsp;Oluyomi S. Adeyemi PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div><em>Anogeissus leiocarpus</em> (DC.) Guill. &amp; Perr. is locally used for the treatment of hepatic dysfunctions in Nigeria. This study investigated the hepatoprotective impact of <em>A. leiocarpus</em> stem bark hydromethanolic extract (AL) in carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced hepatic fibrosis in Wistar rats.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-five male rats were randomly assigned to seven groups. Group I (control) received distilled water and olive oil, and Group II (negative control) received 30 % CCl₄ intraperitoneally in olive oil three times a week for 8 weeks. In addition to CCl₄, rats in groups III–VI were orally given silymarin (positive control) and graded doses (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight) of AL. Group VII (follow-up group) received CCl₄ only, but was spared for another 2 weeks before necropsy. After 8 weeks, the animals were necropsied, and various biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical assessments were conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of AL detected 13 compounds, including gallic acid and castalagin. CCl₄ exposure led to a significant increase in liver index relative to the control, but the increased liver index improved following AL administration. AL elevated the antioxidant parameters, including the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase, with a corresponding decline in malondialdehyde levels. Furthermore, AL caused a decline in the plasma level of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 relative to the CCl₄ group. AL treatment moderately thinned the hepatocyte ballooning, while reducing the expression of hepatic alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) compared with CCl₄. These findings indicate that the antifibrotic action of AL might involve the downregulation of α-SMA and TGF-β expression. Furthermore, AL appreciably improved liver function indices (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase) in a manner comparable to that of the control and CCl₄ + silymarin treatment groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Collectively, AL exhibited anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antifibrotic effects and thus has prospects for further exploration as a potential therapy in liver diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 4","pages":"Pages 474-486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing multilingual AI triage to relieve Africa's strained health systems","authors":"Nwachukwu Prosper Kelechi MBBS ,&nbsp;Uthman Okikiola Adebayo BMLS","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Withdrawal notice to “Antimicrobial efficacy of methylene blue-functionalized graphene oxide-mediated photodynamic therapy against Enterococcus faecalis in root canal disinfection” [J Taibah University Med Sci 20 (2025) 558–567]","authors":"Rizwan Jouhar FCPS ,&nbsp;Mohamad S. Halim M.Res.Dent ,&nbsp;Sayed A. Quadri MD ,&nbsp;Muhammad A. Ahmed PhD ,&nbsp;Faheem Shah PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 4","pages":"Page R1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial efficacy of methylene blue-functionalized graphene oxide-mediated photodynamic therapy against Enterococcus faecalis in root canal disinfection","authors":"Rizwan Jouhar FCPS ,&nbsp;Mohamad S. Halim M.Res.Dent ,&nbsp;Sayed A. Quadri MD ,&nbsp;Muhammad A. Ahmed PhD ,&nbsp;Faheem Shah PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>أهداف البحث</h3><div>تهدف هذه الدراسة لقياس وتحليل العوائق والأسباب للفحص المبكر لسرطان القولون والمستقيم في المملكة العربية السعودية عن طريق البحث عن الأسباب المتعلقة سواء كانت شخصية أو لها علاقة بالنظام الصحي وكذلك الأٍسباب الاجتماعية والثقافية. كما تهدف لإعطاء التوصيات العلمية من خلال الدراسات والبحوث المنشورة.</div></div><div><h3>طرق البحث</h3><div>تم البحث عن الأدلة العلمية والبحوث المنشورة عن طريق استخدام قواعد البيانات التالية: ميدلاين و إيمبيز و قوقل سكولار و مكتبة كوكرين. تم ادراج جميع الدراسات المتعلقة بعوائق الفحص المبكر لسرطان القولون والمستقيم لدى السكان البالغين بالمملكة العربية السعودية سواء الدراسات الكمية أو النوعية. تم فحص النتائج واستخراج البيانات عن طريق مراجعين مستقلين، وتم تقييم الجودة باستخدام ( روبن-1) للدراسات الرصدية وأداة كوكرين (Cochrane ) المنقحة لقياس مخاطر التحيز لدراسات التجربة العشوائية. تم استخدام اختبار بيغ (Begg’s test) لتحيز النشر في البحوث العلمية.</div></div><div><h3>النتائج</h3><div>من أصل 130 بحث، وافق 14 بحثا معايير الاشتمال. أكثر العوائق المدروسة قلة الوعي، وقلة توعية الأطباء، والوصمة الثقافية، مخاوف الجنسين، والوصول المحدود للفحوص. في المراجعة المنهجية والتحليل تم ظهور التباين بنسبة (I² = 83.96%, p &lt; 0.001) . توعية الأطباء يعتبر أقوى عوامل المشاركة في الفحص المبكر، وتعتبر الوصمة الثقافية والوصول المحدود أهم العوائق.</div></div><div><h3>الاستنتاجات</h3><div>يحتاج المجتمع إلى المزيد من الحملات التوعوية ومبادرات الأطباء، وتوفير الوصول، ومعالجة العوامل الثقافية المتعلقة بالفحص لضمان الالتزام بالفحص المبكر لسرطان القولون والمستقيم وتقليل نسب الوفاة الناتجة منه.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 4","pages":"Pages 558-567"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on “Rescue carotid stenting in tandem occlusions: 5 years’ experience from a comprehensive stroke center”","authors":"Prajnasini Satapathy MD ,&nbsp;Rachana Mehta MSc ,&nbsp;Ranjana Sah MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 4","pages":"Pages 556-557"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial efficacy of methylene blue-functionalized graphene oxide-mediated photodynamic therapy against Enterococcus faecalis in root canal disinfection","authors":"Rizwan Jouhar FCPS ,&nbsp;Mohamad Syahrizal Halim M.Rest.Dent ,&nbsp;Sayed A. Quadri MD ,&nbsp;Muhammad Adeel Ahmed PhD ,&nbsp;Faheem Shah PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study assessed the antimicrobial efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using functionalized graphene oxide with methylene blue (MB/rGO) to achieve root canal disinfection against <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this in vitro study, <em>E. faecalis</em> biofilms were developed on 105 single-rooted teeth after decoronation over 21 days. Bacterial viability was assessed with colony forming unit (CFU) analysis. Six experimental groups with equal numbers of samples (n = 15) were treated with 5 % NaOCl (groups 1 and 2), MB-based PDT (groups 3 and 4), or MB/rGO-based PDT (groups 5 and 6). Sonic activation (groups 2, 4, and 6) was performed at 6000 cpm for 2 min, whereas laser activation (groups 3–6) was performed with a 650 nm, 200 mW laser for 2 min. Post-treatment CFU/mL counts and bacterial reduction percentages were recorded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A substantial reduction in bacterial load (p &lt; 0.001) was observed across all experimental groups. The highest decrease (99.99 %) was observed in group 6 (modified PDT with MB/rGO), which also had the lowest CFU (1.21 × 10³/mL) and the highest negative culture rate (40 %). Group 4 (modified PDT with MB) showed similar efficacy (99.99 % decrease, 33.33 % negative cultures), whereas NaOCl irrigation (group 1) showed the smallest decrease (99.83 %) and no negative cultures.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Functionalized MB/rGO with sonic and laser activation achieved the highest bacterial load decrease, and was closely followed by modified PDT with MB. NaOCl irrigation was effective but did not yield negative cultures. Our findings highlight the potential of modified PDT for enhanced root canal cleaning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 4","pages":"Pages 576-586"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternative methods for analyzing cross-sectional studies of common outcomes: A guide for healthcare professionals","authors":"Mohammad H. Aljawadi BPharm, PharmD, MSc, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.07.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study compared logistic, Poisson, and log-binomial regression models for estimating prevalence ratios (PRs) in cross-sectional studies with common outcomes, using hypertension prevalence as an applied example. The objective was to identify the most reliable method and reduce misinterpretation when outcome prevalence is high.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 2022 patient records from King Khalid University Hospital. Hypertension was the primary outcome, aspirin use the exposure, and diabetes mellitus (DM) the confounder. Statistical models included the Mantel–Haenszel prevalence ratio (MHPR, reference), logistic regression, Poisson regression with or without standard error corrections, and log-binomial regression. The MHPR was compared with PRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and percentage changes were used to quantify deviations. Analyses were performed in STATA 17.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The dataset included 43,789 patients. Hypertension prevalence was high (44.7%), aspirin use was reported in 38.6%, and DM in 52.3%. Logistic regression produced inflated estimates, with an unadjusted OR of 4.26 versus MHPR 2.11. After adjusting for DM, the OR declined to 3.78 but still overestimated the association by 110% relative to the MHPR. The Poisson model had the smallest deviation with respect to the adjusted MHPR (0.67% higher), whereas the log-binomial model showed a 2.28% lower value toward the null. Logistic regression yielded a much wider confidence interval (3.74% higher) than the MHPR, whereas Poisson models showed narrower estimated CIs, and the robust and jackknife procedures resulted in minimal differences (0.04% higher).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Logistic regression introduced substantial bias in cross-sectional data with common outcomes. Poisson regression provided more accurate estimates, particularly with robust or jackknife standard errors, while log-binomial regression was valid but prone to convergence issues. Poisson regression with robust standard errors or jackknife standard errors is preferred, to produce reliable PR estimation while avoiding misinterpretation in health research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences","volume":"20 4","pages":"Pages 568-575"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}