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Estimation of Fluxes of Lead, Cadmium, and Elemental Carbon from the Atmosphere to the Coastal Zone of the Southeastern Part of the Baltic Sea 从大气到波罗的海东南部沿海地区铅、镉和元素碳通量的估算
IF 0.9
Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1134/S1024856024701628
V. Yu. Topchaya
{"title":"Estimation of Fluxes of Lead, Cadmium, and Elemental Carbon from the Atmosphere to the Coastal Zone of the Southeastern Part of the Baltic Sea","authors":"V. Yu. Topchaya","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701628","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701628","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fluxes of lead, cadmium, and elemental carbon from the atmosphere to the coastal zone of the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea were assessed. The highest values of lead (11 341 μg m<sup>−2</sup> month<sup>−1</sup>) and cadmium (682 μg m<sup>−2</sup> month<sup>−1</sup>) fluxes were revealed in the summer season, while those of elemental carbon (0.69 mg m<sup>−2</sup> day<sup>−1</sup>) were noted in spring. According to field measurements over a 15-year observation period (2008–2022), the annual average fluxes into the coastal zone of the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea were 4.1 kg km<sup>–2</sup> year<sup>−1</sup> for lead and 0.02 kg km<sup>−2</sup> year<sup>−1</sup> for cadmium. The calculated annual average fluxes amounted to 3.8 kg km<sup>−2</sup> year<sup>−1</sup> for lead and 0.03 kg km<sup>−2</sup> year<sup>−1</sup> for cadmium over the region under study. Cadmium emission was inconsiderable in the region. The annual average lead flux, according to field data, was 9% higher than its emission values calculated with the EMEP database. The lead fluxes obtained from both field data and calculations significantly exceed its background level of 1.86 kg km<sup>−2</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>. In rainfall over the spring-summer periods of 2019–2022, the average concentration of elemental carbon was more than two time lower than the content of organic carbon. The flux of elemental carbon was characterized by seasonal and interannual variability. The increase in the content of elemental carbon in atmospheric precipitation over the spring season was due to anthropogenic load from local sources, namely, spring grass burning in the region. The ecosystems of the coastal zone of the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea experience the greatest anthropogenic load through the atmosphere over spring and summer with an increase in the flux of elemental carbon, lead, and cadmium.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 1 supplement","pages":"S87 - S93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adaptive Image Correction System for a Large-Aperture Solar Telescope 大口径太阳望远镜的自适应图像校正系统
IF 0.9
Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1134/S1024856024701471
V. P. Lukin, P. A. Konyaev, A. G. Borzilov, E. L. Soin
{"title":"Adaptive Image Correction System for a Large-Aperture Solar Telescope","authors":"V. P. Lukin,&nbsp;P. A. Konyaev,&nbsp;A. G. Borzilov,&nbsp;E. L. Soin","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701471","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701471","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Results of processing experimental data obtained during expeditions in 2011 and 2023 on the Large Solar Vacuum Telescope (LSVT) are analyzed. An adaptive multi-circuit system for stabilizing the light flux and correcting distortions of images of the solar photosphere under conditions of moderate and strong atmospheric turbulence was tested. To eliminate jitter caused by vibrations of the telescope’s siderostat and the influence of the atmosphere, a wavefront tilt corrector was used in the first circuit of the system. Spectral analysis of the measurements showed that at high wind speeds, the light beam is deflected mainly under the action of the vibration of the telescope’s siderostat with a frequency of about 8 Hz and maximum amplitude of up to 10 arcseconds. In calm weather, the spectra of random jitter have a power-law dependence on frequency, characteristic of the atmosphere. To eliminate blur and improve image quality, specially created software was used for computer processing of digital video frames in real-time observation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 1 supplement","pages":"S18 - S25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stationary and Mobile Monitoring of the Column and Emissions of Climatically Active Gases in St. Petersburg Agglomeration 圣彼得堡地区气候活性气体柱和排放的固定和移动监测
IF 0.9
Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1134/S1024856024701483
M. V. Makarova, D. V. Ionov, S. Ch. Foka, A. V. Poberovsky, A. V. Polyakov, Kh. Kh. Imkhasin, V. S. Kostsov
{"title":"Stationary and Mobile Monitoring of the Column and Emissions of Climatically Active Gases in St. Petersburg Agglomeration","authors":"M. V. Makarova,&nbsp;D. V. Ionov,&nbsp;S. Ch. Foka,&nbsp;A. V. Poberovsky,&nbsp;A. V. Polyakov,&nbsp;Kh. Kh. Imkhasin,&nbsp;V. S. Kostsov","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701483","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701483","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Global climate change is one of the most important scientific, social, and economic problems of our time. To estimate the significance of these changes and understand the physical and chemical processes associated with them, it is necessary to monitor the atmospheric content of climatically important gases and their fluxes into the atmosphere. This paper summarizes the results of more than thirty years (1991–2023) of spectroscopic study of the atmospheric composition at St. Petersburg State University (SPbU). The main attention is paid to stationary and mobile FTIR (Fourier Transform InfraRed) measurements carried out at SPbU over the past 15 years and aimed at both studying temporal changes in the gaseous composition of the atmosphere and estimating emissions of climatically important gases from the territory of the St. Petersburg agglomeration. The paper presents new estimates of trends in CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, OCS, CO, HCN, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>CO, CH<sub>3</sub>OH, HCOOH, and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> over 2009–2023, as well as experimental estimates of CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> area fluxes from the territory of St. Petersburg derived from measurements during EMME (Emission Monitoring Mobile Experiment) observational campaigns.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 1 supplement","pages":"S78 - S86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Radiation Intensity Estimation in the Adaptive Phase Conjugation Scheme with a Laser Guide Star 激光导星自适应相位共轭方案中的辐射强度估计
IF 0.9
Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1134/S1024856024701422
V. A. Bogachev, A. V. Nemtseva, F. A. Starikov
{"title":"Radiation Intensity Estimation in the Adaptive Phase Conjugation Scheme with a Laser Guide Star","authors":"V. A. Bogachev,&nbsp;A. V. Nemtseva,&nbsp;F. A. Starikov","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701422","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701422","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, we present the results of numerical calculations of the peak intensity, or on-axis intensity, of laser radiation focused through a turbulent atmosphere at a remote receiver in the phase conjugation scheme of the laser beam with a laser guide star. The numerical calculations have been conducted within the computational model of optical radiation propagation along a long atmospheric path, where atmospheric turbulence is simulated by a set of phase screens. A technique for numerical estimation for on-axis laser intensity at a receiver under conditions of imperfect adaptive phase correction of both laser and reference beams is suggested based on the method developed for the scheme with an ideal reference source, namely, a point source located at the receiver. This method is adapted for the scheme with a laser guide star by introducing an additional factor which depends on both the characteristics of the laser guide star and the degree of partial adaptive phase correction applied to both laser and reference beams. The suggested technique can be implemented in real experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 1 supplement","pages":"S31 - S37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modern Atmospheric Optics and Earth’s Climate Changes 现代大气光学与地球气候变化
IF 0.9
Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1134/S1024856024701616
Yu. M. Timofeev
{"title":"Modern Atmospheric Optics and Earth’s Climate Changes","authors":"Yu. M. Timofeev","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701616","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701616","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper discussed the ccurrent status of atmospheric optics and several key issues, such as Earth’s radiation balance and remote measurements of atmospheric and surface parameters. Most common methods for remote estimation of these parameters are reviewed. Satellite instruments used for monitoring atmospheric gas composition are described. The provided information can be of interest for specialists in atmospheric optics and climatology.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 1 supplement","pages":"S1 - S10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correlation Analysis of Short-Period Wave Activity in the Mesopause Region and F2 Layer of the Ionosphere 中层顶区与电离层F2层短周期波活动的相关性分析
IF 0.9
Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1134/S1024856024701513
I. V. Medvedeva, K. G. Ratovsky, M. V. Tolstikov
{"title":"Correlation Analysis of Short-Period Wave Activity in the Mesopause Region and F2 Layer of the Ionosphere","authors":"I. V. Medvedeva,&nbsp;K. G. Ratovsky,&nbsp;M. V. Tolstikov","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701513","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701513","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper presents the comparative analysis of day-to day variations in the mesopause temperature variability σ<i>Tm</i> and the peak electron density variability σ<i>NmF</i>2 in the range of internal gravity wave (IGW) periods. The analysis was based on spectrometric and radiophysical measurements at the instrumental complex of Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, in 2013–2018. The seasonal variations in σ<i>Tm</i> and σ<i>NmF</i>2 averaged over all years showed a high correlation of IGW variability in the mesosphere and ionosphere with a maximum in the winter period. The values of the sliding correlation coefficients σ<i>Tm</i> and σ<i>NmF</i>2 in the 27-day interval without time shift are low and grouped near zero (−0.042 ± 0.313). Accounting for the time shift leads to significant increase in correlation, the values of the correlation coefficients are grouped near ∼0.5 (0.504 ± 0.196). The paper discusses possible reasons for the correlation analysis results.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 1 supplement","pages":"S192 - S198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Estimates of Methane Release from the Arctic Seas under Possible Climate Changes during the 21st Century 在21世纪可能的气候变化下北极海域甲烷释放的估计
IF 0.9
Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1134/S1024856024701495
V. V. Malakhova, E. N. Golubeva
{"title":"Estimates of Methane Release from the Arctic Seas under Possible Climate Changes during the 21st Century","authors":"V. V. Malakhova,&nbsp;E. N. Golubeva","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701495","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701495","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To study the impact of future climate change on the methane emissions to the atmosphere as a result of the Arctic submarine permafrost degradation, scenario experiments were carried up to 2100 out using the SibCIOM ocean and sea ice model. For the atmospheric forcing, we used the results of six climate model simulations from the RCP8.5 scenario of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 archive. Based on the numerical results, it is found that the total annual methane fluxes will increase by a factor of 2–4 depending on the atmospheric forcing by 2100 compared to current levels. The flux intensity calculated in the numerical experiments does not exceed 8 Tg/yr. High future methane emissions are mainly due to reduced ice extent and increased ice-free periods. This resulted in a shift in the timing of maximal methane emissions from summer to fall and winter.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 1 supplement","pages":"S153 - S161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Erratum to: An Exact Analytical Calculation of the Wavefront Structure Function for the Case of Kolmogorov Atmospheric Turbulence 勘误：柯尔莫哥洛夫大气湍流情况下波前结构函数的精确分析计算
IF 0.9
Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1134/S1024856024080013
A. V. Shepelev, D. A. Yagnyatinskiy, V. N. Fedoseyev
{"title":"Erratum to: An Exact Analytical Calculation of the Wavefront Structure Function for the Case of Kolmogorov Atmospheric Turbulence","authors":"A. V. Shepelev,&nbsp;D. A. Yagnyatinskiy,&nbsp;V. N. Fedoseyev","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024080013","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024080013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 1 supplement","pages":"S213 - S213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Trees on Airflow Structure and Pollution Concentration in Street Canyons 树木对街道峡谷气流结构和污染浓度的影响
IF 0.9
Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1134/S1024856024701434
E. A. Danilkin, A. V. Starchenko, D. V. Leshchinskiy, K. V. Yumin
{"title":"Effect of Trees on Airflow Structure and Pollution Concentration in Street Canyons","authors":"E. A. Danilkin,&nbsp;A. V. Starchenko,&nbsp;D. V. Leshchinskiy,&nbsp;K. V. Yumin","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701434","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701434","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The work studies the influence of tree height on aerodynamics and passive gaseous pollutant transport in a three-dimensional street canyon. The calculations were performed using the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model of turbulent flow with explicit parameterization of vegetation. The integral characteristics of the pollutant concentration in a street canyon in total and in a breathing zone (up to 2 m from the bottom of a canyon) were calculated and analyzed. The results show that the use of long hedges of varying heights in an urban environment can lead to deterioration of air circulation in the street canyons. These results will help to more accurately solve problems in the case of denser development and greening of urban spaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 1 supplement","pages":"S120 - S126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Variability of the Integral Content of Dust Aerosol over Western Siberia and its Influence on the Surface Electric Field 西伯利亚西部地区沙尘气溶胶整体含量的变率及其对地面电场的影响
IF 0.9
Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1134/S1024856024701562
K. N. Pustovalov, P. M. Nagorskiy, M. V. Oglezneva, S. V. Smirnov
{"title":"Variability of the Integral Content of Dust Aerosol over Western Siberia and its Influence on the Surface Electric Field","authors":"K. N. Pustovalov,&nbsp;P. M. Nagorskiy,&nbsp;M. V. Oglezneva,&nbsp;S. V. Smirnov","doi":"10.1134/S1024856024701562","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856024701562","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on long-term measurements of the electric field potential gradient at the geophysical observatory of the IMCES SB RAS (Tomsk) and CAMS (ECMWF) reanalysis data, estimates of the influence of the integral content of dust aerosol on the surface electric field were obtained. Opposite changes in the surface electric field and characteristics of the integral content of atmospheric aerosol in their seasonal and daily variations were revealed. The influence of dust transfer from arid regions on the integral content of dust aerosol and the surface electric field in Tomsk is shown.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"37 1 supplement","pages":"S169 - S174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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