Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics最新文献

{"title":"Estimation of the Total Phenol Content during Photolysis of Sulfamethoxazole in an Aqueous Medium","authors":"N. P. Bezlepkina,&nbsp;E. N. Bocharnikova,&nbsp;O. N. Tchaikovskaya,&nbsp;O. K. Bazyl’,&nbsp;G. V. Mayer","doi":"10.1134/S1024856026700375","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856026700375","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In natural and artificial water bodies, photolysis is the primary process that determines the transformation and fate of many pharmaceuticals. However, there is a lack of information on the degradation products of sulfonamide antibiotics and their toxicity. Phenols are potential products of pharmaceutical contaminants transformation and pose a threat to human health. This paper presents results of an experimental study of sulfamethoxazole phototransformation in water. The irradiation experiments were carried out in a stationary photoreactor using KrCl (λ = 222 nm), XeBr (282 nm), and XeCl (308 nm) excilamps and an OUVb-04 bactericidal irradiator (λ = 180–275 nm) as sources of UV radiation. The total phenol content in sulfamethoxazole photoproducts is determined using the colorimetric method with the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. The changes observed in the absorption and fluorescence spectra after irradiation of aqueous sulfamethoxazole solutions are described in detail. The formation of three fluorescent photoproducts is shown; one of them turns out to be stable and is accumulated in the solution regardless of the chosen UV radiation source. The total phenol content increases after UV irradiation. In particular, the total phenol content after 128 min of exposure to a KrCl excilamp is four times higher than the initial value and amounts to 331.89 mg GAE/g. The results can be of interest for studying the mechanism of sulfonamide degradation, identifying toxic products of degradation, and evaluating their antioxidant activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 4","pages":"538 - 545"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148909579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of the Stratospheric Polar Vortex in Winter 2024/2025: the Role of Wave Processes and Connection with Tropospheric Circulation","authors":"O. Yu. Antokhina,&nbsp;P. N. Antokhin,&nbsp;O. S. Zorkal’tseva,&nbsp;A. V. Gochakov,&nbsp;M. F. Artamonov,&nbsp;S. M. Bobrovnikov,&nbsp;V. I. Zharkov","doi":"10.1134/S1024856026700089","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856026700089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Study of the stability of stratospheric polar vortex is key to understanding the long-range atmospheric dynamics, mechanisms of the stratosphere-troposphere interaction, and their role in formation of regional climate anomalies, especially under conditions of rapid climate changes. Winter 2024/2025 was characterized by anomalous stability of the stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) until mid-February, resulting from a combination of weak propagation of wave activity from the troposphere and strong zonal winds that created a barrier to vertical wave transport. Lidar measurements near Tomsk in February showed record-low temperatures (−85°C) at altitudes of 15–20 km and the formation of polar stratospheric clouds, confirming the uniqueness of stratospheric conditions. In November–January, weak Rossby wave breaking processes and predominant zonal circulation over Eurasia were observed, while the final weakening of the SPV in early March was accompanied by a sharp restructuring of stratospheric circulation. Our results are important for understanding the mechanisms of SPV stability and the SPV influence on atmospheric dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 3","pages":"296 - 306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148394939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass Spectrometric Study of Primary Aerosol Generation in Ethylene/Air Flame","authors":"A. V. Drakon,&nbsp;A. V. Eremin,&nbsp;R. N. Kolotushkin,&nbsp;A. A. Timoshenko,&nbsp;E. S. Khodyko","doi":"10.1134/S1024856026700041","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856026700041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Emissions of carbon compounds produced during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels change the thermal balance of the atmosphere, which leads to global warming. Reliable techniques for diagnosing and monitoring emissions are necessary to control and assess the atmospheric content of carbon compounds. The work studies origination of organic and black carbon aerosol in a flat ethylene/air laminar flame (used as a reactor) in different experimental modes with the use of quadrupole mass spectrometry. The ion signal intensities are compared depending on the ion mass-to-charge ratio in the range 0–100. We have shown that kinetic simulation and experimental results are qualitatively consistent for such components as H₂O, O₂, and CO₂, and that the equivalence ratio increases with the concentrations of compounds associated with origination of organic and black carbon aerosols. The results can be used to develop detection and monitoring techniques for organic and soot aerosols in ambient air by concentrations of signature compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 3","pages":"262 - 271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148394958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability of Surface Electric Field and UV Transmittance of Clouds Depending on the Cloud Form","authors":"K. N. Pustovalov,&nbsp;P. M. Nagorskiy,&nbsp;M. V. Oglezneva,&nbsp;S. V. Smirnov","doi":"10.1134/S1024856026700090","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856026700090","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Atmospheric electricity is the totality of electrical phenomena occurring in the atmosphere, including clouds and precipitation, and forming the global electrical circuit. Studying the functioning of this circuit, particularly the factors that determine its local variability, is a pressing and important scientific problem, especially in the context of the current climate change. Based on atmospheric electrical, spectrophotometric, and meteorological observations Tomsk from 2006 to 2020, we analyze the variability of the main characteristic of atmospheric electricity, that is, the surface electric field potential gradient and the spectral transmittance of long-wave UV radiation by clouds depending on their form. The analysis revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between variations in the potential gradient and the transmittance of radiation at a wavelength of 380 nm for almost all main cloud forms. The new statistical data complement existing understanding of the interaction of atmospheric-electrical and actinometric characteristics and can be used to improve the models of global electric circuit and atmosphere, among other things, for numerical weather prediction and climate change modeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 3","pages":"307 - 313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148394771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Seasonal Variability of Aerosol Radiative Forcing from Measurements of Atmospheric Aerosol Optical Properties at ZOTTO Station","authors":"S. S. Vlasenko,&nbsp;A. S. Mikhailova,&nbsp;E. F. Mikhailov,&nbsp;E. Yu. Nebosko","doi":"10.1134/S1024856026700016","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856026700016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Atmospheric aerosols are a significant factor of variations in the radiative balance, particularly for such regions as Central Siberia, where there are many anthropogenic and biogenic aerosol sources. However, the parameters and seasonal dynamics of aerosol radiative forcing in this region are understudied. Based on measurements of aerosol scattering and absorption coefficients at background ZOTTO station in 2007–2024, we estimate the aerosol radiative forcing efficiency (<i>RFE</i>) for the atmosphere of Central Siberia. The atmospheric and underlying surface characteristics required for calculating <i>RFE</i> were taken from MERRA-2 reanalysis data. The resulting time series of <i>RFЕ</i> show strong day-to-day variability and a clearly pronounced seasonal cycle. Though the concentrations of absorbing (soot) aerosol and, hence, the aerosol absorption coefficient are maximal in summer, <i>RFE</i> is negative in this period, with the characteristic <i>RFЕ</i> = −30 W/m². In winter, when aerosol concentrations and optical aerosol coefficients are significantly lower, <i>RFE</i> is positive and amounts to approximately +25 W/m²; the measurement-period mean <i>RFE</i> = −5 W/m². A change in the sign of aerosol forcing from positive to negative occurs in early May, and vice versa, in late October, which is primarily due to the seasonal change in the albedo of the underlying surface. The results can be used to refine predictions of regional climate changes in Siberia.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 3","pages":"243 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148394949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Nitrogen and Sulfur Dioxide Concentrations in the Atmosphere of Moscow and Saint Petersburg According to Satellite and Ground-Based Data","authors":"A. A. Tronin,&nbsp;M. P. Vasiliev,&nbsp;G. M. Nerobelov","doi":"10.1134/S1024856026700053","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856026700053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nitrogen and sulfur dioxides are among key atmospheric pollutants and belong to the 3rd class of hazard. Their joint effect on air quality is extremely negative. Monitoring their content in atmospheric air is an urgent environmental problem. Joint analysis and comparison of nitrogen and sulfur dioxide concentrations in air of Moscow and Saint Petersburg (Russia) on the basis of ground-based measurements in 2002–2023 and the tropospheric content of these aerotoxicants based on satellite observation (OMI spectrometer onboard Aura satellite) in 2005–2023 are performed. The concentrations of nitrogen dioxide slowly decrease in Moscow and Saint Petersburg both in satellite and ground-based data. The concentrations of sulfur dioxide significantly decrease in Moscow and Saint Petersburg according to ground-based measurements, while satellite observations show its concentrations to be relatively constant in Saint Petersburg and growing in Moscow. The hypothesis which explains the difference between the ground-based and satellite data on sulfur dioxide is suggested. The results can be used by environmental authorities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg in their practical work.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 3","pages":"272 - 276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148394978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiative Forcing of Greenhouse Gases and Aerosol on Shortwave and Longwave Spectrum under Clear Sky Conditions","authors":"N. A. Petrov,&nbsp;N. E. Chubarova","doi":"10.1134/S1024856026700119","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856026700119","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The gas-aerosol composition of the atmosphere determines the features of the radiative net irradiance in the atmosphere and the associated climatic changes. The study discusses anthropogenic variations in the content of the most important greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide (CO₂), ozone (O₃)), as well as atmospheric aerosol. The estimates of their radiative effects (forcing, <i>RF</i>) in various geophysical conditions are given. Based on the modern ecRad radiation model, the <i>RF</i> values of the considered anthropogenic trace gases and aerosols over the past 20 years were estimated relative to their pre-industrial level for different seasons of the year on the example of the Moscow region. We determined the features of the vertical profiles of <i>RF</i> in the shortwave and longwave spectral ranges and their values at the bottom (BOA) and at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) for different solar elevations and surface albedos, taking into account the seasonal variations in the trace gas concentrations and without taking them into account. For the warm period with a low surface albedo, the total <i>RF</i>^total, taking into account seasonal variations of all considered trace gases and aerosols, is negative (−8.33 W/m² at the BOA and −1.35 W/m² at the TOA). A significant role in the negative <i>RF</i> is played by a weakly absorbing aerosol in midlatitudes. In cold season, the <i>RF</i>^total is −0.08 W/m² at the BOA and +0.38 W/m² at the TOA. The positive value of the total <i>RF</i> at the TOA is formed due to the positive <i>RF</i> of aerosol due to its absorbing properties and the influence of a high albedo of snow surface, as well as due to the positive <i>RF</i> of carbon dioxide. A nonlinear <i>RF</i> dependence of the trace gases and aerosol on the solar elevation and surface albedo was found. Change in the radiative heating rate (Δ<i>HR</i>) due to greenhouse gases and aerosols at the TOA is regularly negative in all seasons of the year. At the same time, this value is positive at the BOA (about 0.45 K/day in the warm and 0.25 K/day in the cold seasons), mainly due to small aerosol absorption in the lower layers of the troposphere. The radiative heating rate due to CO₂ is positive, but small.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 3","pages":"323 - 335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148394947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stratospheric Aerosol from Siberian Wildfires according to Lidar Observations in July 2022 in Tomsk","authors":"I. I. Romanchenko,&nbsp;A. A. Cheremisin,&nbsp;P. V. Novikov,&nbsp;V. N. Marichev,&nbsp;D. B. Bochkovsky","doi":"10.1134/S1024856026700065","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856026700065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soot aerosol from wildfires injected into the stratosphere can influence climate on a global scale, similar to volcanic aerosol. This paper examined the stratospheric loading with soot aerosol from wildfires in Eastern Siberia, as well as the occurrence of volcanic aerosol over Western Siberia. An episode of ground-based lidar observations in July 2022, where aerosol layers were detected in the stratosphere above Tomsk at approximately 11 km and 20–25 km, is considered. The origin of these layers is analyzed using air mass trajectories with control of their aerosol content based on data from the CALIPSO satellite lidar and using atmospheric and surface sensing data from the Suomi-NPP and Himawari-8 satellites. It is shown that the sources of aerosol loading in the lower stratosphere at an altitude of about 11 km are the fires in Eastern Siberia, which led to the formation of powerful pyrocumulonimbus clouds. The location and time of formation of these clouds are determined. It is also shown that the aerosol layers at altitudes 20–25 km are associated with the eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano, which erupted in the Southern Hemisphere in January 2022. The results are of significant interest for predicting climate change on regional and global scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 3","pages":"277 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148394938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Radon and Thoron Concentrations in Surface Air Layer: The Case of Fonovaya Observatory (Western Siberia)","authors":"V. V. Antonovich,&nbsp;P. N. Antokhin,&nbsp;V. G. Arshinova,&nbsp;M. Yu. Arshinov,&nbsp;B. D. Belan,&nbsp;S. B. Belan,&nbsp;D. K. Davydov,&nbsp;N. V. Dudorova,&nbsp;G. A. Ivlev,&nbsp;A. V. Kozlov,&nbsp;G. A. Kolotkov,&nbsp;T. M. Rasskazchikova,&nbsp;D. E. Savkin,&nbsp;D. V. Simonenkov,&nbsp;T. K. Sklyadneva,&nbsp;G. N. Tolmachev,&nbsp;A. V. Fofonov","doi":"10.1134/S1024856026700211","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856026700211","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Studies of the content of radioactive gases in the atmosphere are important for assessing their danger to public health and soil–air gas exchange. However, there are very few measurements of radon and thoron concentrations in Russia. This paper summarizes the results of their monitoring in the background region near Tomsk over 2020–2024. It is shown that annual average radon concentrations are in the range 10.7–14.3 Bq/m³; the annual average maxima can attain 81 Bq/m³. The average thoron concentration is characterized by a weaker variability (8.9–11.8 Bq/m³) and a lower maximum (65 Bq/m³). A well pronounced daily cycle is found for radon, but not for thoron. There are also significant differences in the annual variations in the concentrations of these gases. Although the main maxima of their concentrations are recorded in July, ²²²Rn has a secondary maximum in the cold season. A slow increase in the concentrations of both radon and thoron from 2020 to 2024 is found. The content of ²²²Rn increased at a rate of 0.5 Bq/m³ per year, and of ²²⁰Rn, at a rate of 0.2 Bq/m³ per year. The concentration of ²²²Rn is higher than ²²⁰Rn on daily, annual, and long-term scales. The results can be useful for choosing the range and uncertainty of new devices or radiation protection and assessment of the probability of occurrence of a particular phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 3","pages":"406 - 412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148394940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sea Surface Temperature Mapping based on Satellite MTVZA‑GYa Microwave Radiometer Data","authors":"A. O. Maslyashova,&nbsp;A. B. Uspenskiy","doi":"10.1134/S102485602670017X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S102485602670017X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A technique for remote mapping of sea surface temperature (SST) field under clear sky and cloud conditions is suggested and tested based on SST measurements by MTVZA-GYa microwave radiometer onboard Meteor M satellite nos. 2-2 and 2-4. The technique includes the preliminary SST estimation with the use of a multilayer perceptron type artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm and statistical filtering of the preliminary estimates based on climatic SST values calculated from ERA5 reanalysis. The ANN algorithm uses antenna temperatures measured in five MTVZA-GYa channels as predictors. Reference SST values from open-access ICOADS database are used to train the ANN. The statistical filtering procedure makes it possible to reduce the effect of clouds and precipitation in the radiometer field-of-view compared to in situ observations and provides a root-mean-square error of SST estimates of about 1.2–1.7°C and a coefficient of determination of about 0.8–0.9. The techniques is applicable to operational global all-weather monitoring of sea surface temperature and can be adapted to analyze SST measurements with MTVZA-GYa type radiometers with improved information characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"39 3","pages":"378 - 384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148394974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}