Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics最新文献

{"title":"Experimental Assessment of the Impact of Short-Term Heavy Showers on Turbulence Characteristics in the Ground Atmosphere","authors":"A. Ya. Bogushevich,&nbsp;V. V. Kalchikhin,&nbsp;A. A. Kobzev,&nbsp;A. E. Telminov,&nbsp;A. A. Tikhomirov","doi":"10.1134/S102485602570037X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S102485602570037X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Atmospheric turbulence is one of the most significant factors affecting the propagation of waves of various nature and the operation of devices based on their application. This paper presents the results of experimental studies of the impact of short-term heavy rainfall on subsequent changes in the meteorological and turbulent state of the ground atmosphere based on processed synchronous acoustic and optical measurements of atmospheric parameters. An assessment is made of the impact of intense precipitation on the main turbulent characteristics of the surface atmosphere, such as the energy of temperature and wind fluctuations and vertical heat and momentum fluxes. It is shown that heavy rainfall significantly changes these characteristics. The results obtained can be used to interpret optical and acoustic measurements used to study the atmosphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"38 5","pages":"507 - 513"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive Savitzky–Golay Filter for Denoising Gas Mixture Absorption Spectra","authors":"A. V. Borisov,&nbsp;A. A. Altynbekov,&nbsp;A. P. Votintsev,&nbsp;Vl. G. Tyuterev,&nbsp;Yu. V. Kistenev","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025700368","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025700368","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quantitative analysis of the gas mixture absorption spectra is complicated by noise. The parameters of standard filters are related to the entire analyzed spectral range. This means that the filter parameters being optimal for strong absorption lines are not optimal for weak absorption lines and vice versa. An approach to create adaptive filter for denoising experimental spectra based on the combination of a windowed version of a standard filter with the independent component analysis is suggested and implemented with the Savitzky–Golay filter as an example. The numerical simulation was carried out at normal conditions for the absorption spectra of the model of mid-latitude summer atmosphere in the 100–1000 GHz spectral range. The efficiency of the suggested adaptive and the standard versions of Savitzky–Golay filter was compared using a quantitative criterion of the proximity between two spectral curves. Experimental validation of efficiency of the suggested adaptive Savitzky–Golay filter was conducted on the example of 200 ppm SO₂ and 10 000 ppm H₂O gas mixture. The SO₂ concentration was evaluated using multivariate curve resolution method. The relative error in the concentration retrieved after noise reduction by this filter was 3.7 times less compared to the standard Savitzky–Golay filter. Thus, the suggested adaptive Savitsky–Golay filter makes it possible to increase the efficiency of denoising experimental spectral data.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"38 5","pages":"499 - 506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micromineral Composition and Morphology of Near-surface Dust Aerosol in a Megapolis in Winter","authors":"D. P. Gubanova,&nbsp;S. S. Ilenok,&nbsp;A. V. Talovskaya","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025700393","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025700393","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The morphology and composition of aerosol particles determine their activity in atmospheric heterogeneous processes and affect the radiation and chemical properties of the atmosphere. However, there is still insufficient information about the morphological characteristics of atmospheric aerosols. This work studies mineral composition of dust aerosol particles and identify natural and anthropogenic components in aerosol composition in the surface air layer in Moscow metropolis in winter. Microparticles containing a lot of potentially toxic elements, such as heavy metals and metalloids of anthropogenic or mixed origin, were found. Several groups of metal-containing microparticles in near-surface aerosols were identified, the most common of which were: (1) sulfates (mainly Ba and Sr); (2) sulfides (Fe, Sb, and Pb); (3) oxides (Fe, W, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb); (4) intermetallides (Pb–Sn–Zn, Pb–Zn, Cu–Zn, Cu–Pb, Te–Sb–Al–Bi, and Fe–Ni–Cu–Sn–Fe–Cr–Ni); (5) native metals (Pb, Zn, Ni, Te, Fe, Zr, and W). The distributions of different elements over the surface of a filter with an aerosol sample was estimated. It was found that most of microminerals in dust particles were in the calcium phase, and to a lesser extent, in silicate and aluminosilicate phases. The results complement information on the morphology and micro-mineral composition of aerosols in the near-surface air of a megalopolis and can be useful both for clarifying the role of aerosol particles in atmospheric heterogenic processes which change the climate and for solving applied environmental problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"38 5","pages":"524 - 535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methane Emission from Arctic Shelf Sediments upon Violation of Hydrate Stability Conditions","authors":"V. V. Malakhova","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025700472","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025700472","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The thickness and spatial distribution of a methane hydrate stability zone (MHSZ) associated with submarine permafrost is estimated based on numerical simulation. Using CMIP6 ensemble model calculations with a scenario of high anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions (SSP5-8.5), a weak dependence of MHSZ shrinkage on ongoing warming is found, and mainly on the side of its base. This process is, first of all, a consequence of the Holocene marine transgression and depends on geothermal flux intensity. The spatial distribution of methane fluxes from bottom sediments caused by degradation of gas hydrates under the violation of their existence conditions is derived. The intensity of methane emission from seafloor to water is estimated at 15 Tg/yr in the modern period and 16–17 Tg/yr to 2300 (similar estimates of the intensity of methane emission from water to the atmosphere are not made in this work). Significant changes in the intensity of methane emissions from seafloor to water are hardly probable for at least several thousand years. The resulting fields of methane fluxes from bottom sediments can be used in numerical ocean models for assessing methane emissions to the atmosphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"38 5","pages":"601 - 608"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking of Rossby Waves in the Stratosphere: Part II—Factors Leading to Sudden Stratospheric Warmings","authors":"O. Yu. Antokhina,&nbsp;A. V. Gochakov,&nbsp;O. S. Zorkal’tseva,&nbsp;P. N. Antokhin,&nbsp;V. N. Krupchatnikov,&nbsp;M. F. Artamonov","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025700447","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025700447","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Studying the occurrence of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) and their complex interrelation with tropospheric and stratospheric processes is of fundamental value for improving of our understanding of the dynamics of atmospheric circulation. This is especially important under phenomena but of global climate changes, which not only increase the frequency of anomalous atmospheric phenomena, but also intensify them. Based on a developed and adapted method for identifying Rossby wave breaking (RWB), which accounts for the specifics of stratospheric circulation, an analysis of the conditions for the occurrence of major SSWs in the Northern Hemisphere was conducted. The method relies on examining the geometry of potential vorticity contours in the stratosphere at the 850 K level using ERA5 reanalysis data. It is shown that anomalous RWB processes in November and December play a key role in preconditioning the onset of SSWs. Most of the analyzed SSW events are associated with an increase in the number of RWB events in the Asia-Pacific (AP) region in November and December, and occasionally in January. In cases where SSW initiation is linked to RWB over the Atlantic and Europe, it is also preceded by RWB anomalies in the AP region. For the identified types of wave breaking in the stratosphere, atmospheric blocking is characteristic in the troposphere, accompanied by negative near-surface temperature anomalies over Eurasia and/or North America. The increased frequency of early- and midwinter major SSW events aligns with the previously identified trend of enhanced negative temperature responses to atmospheric blocking in the Northern Hemisphere. The results of the work can be used to improve the prediction of SSWs and the associated extreme weather events, as well as for climate modeling to account for the RWB effects on stratospheric processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"38 5","pages":"564 - 575"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free Radical Stages in the Chain Mechanism of Atmospheric Photonucleation of Biogenic Aldehydes","authors":"T. V. Kobzeva,&nbsp;S. N. Dubtsov,&nbsp;G. G. Dultseva","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025700411","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025700411","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The atmospheric transformations of vegetation-emitted organic compounds are initiated by their interaction with photolytically generated short-lived free radicals. The chain process, which is a sequence of radical stages, leads to the formation of condensable products as the nuclei of aerosol phase. The free radicals generated during the photolysis of benzaldehyde and biogenic aldehydes, including aromatic ones (salicylic, ortho- and para-anisic), were identified under laboratory conditions. Chromatographic analysis of the products formed after the introduction of additional free radicals shows that the composition and amount of condensable products change. The field measurements of the concentrations of aldehydes and the products of their photochemical decomposition under sunlight were carried out, and the compounds formed in the interaction of initial aldehydes with free radicals were detected. These products can be employed to estimate the concentrations of free radicals even below the limit of radical detection by physicochemical methods. The rates of free radical generation and sink were shown to change with altitude in the troposphere. The approach taking into account the vertical transport of air masses and the corresponding changes in photolysis rate constants has been developed. The formation of condensable products is the chain termination stage in the whole process of atmospheric photonucleation of biogenic aldehydes. The new data on the altitudinal variation in the concentrations of short-lived free radicals allow calculating photonucleation rates for biogenic aldehydes at different altitudes. The developed kinetic schemes can be used to simulate the formation of organic atmospheric aerosol in the troposphere taking into account the vertical transport of air masses.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"38 5","pages":"543 - 549"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixing Layer Height in the Atmosphere above Quasi-homogeneous Climatic Territories and Russian Arctic Seas","authors":"A. A. Vinogradova,&nbsp;E. I. Kotova,&nbsp;A. S. Lokhov","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025700459","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025700459","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The propagation and accumulation of impurities in the near-surface atmospheric layer largely depend on layer stability, which can be quantitatively characterized by the mixing layer height (MLH). For the first time, using a single methodology, the average values for 2001–2021 were estimated for different territories of Russia in the central months of seasons separately for daytime and nighttime. The analysis is based on MLH (or atmospheric mixing depth) values from the website [www.arl.noaa.gov] obtained during long-term studies of the long-range air mass transport to different Russian regions. The area-averaged MLH values over individual mainland quasi-homogeneous climatic territories or Russian Arctic seas are given, as well as the spatial distribution of MLH over the Russian territory on a geographical grid of 1° × 1°. The results of the study can be used in environmental assessments of, e.g., the atmospheric pollution potential, fluxes of aerosol impurities onto the underlying surface, sources of air pollution, and the degree of their impact on the environment and humans, as well as in comparative analysis of climate of different Russian regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"38 5","pages":"576 - 583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instruments and Techniques for Long-term Monitoring of Optical Properties of Deep Waters of Lake Baikal","authors":"A. D. Avrorin,&nbsp;A. V. Avrorin,&nbsp;V. M. Aynutdinov,&nbsp;V. A. Allakhverdyan,&nbsp;Z. Bardachova,&nbsp;I. A. Belolaptikov,&nbsp;E. A. Bondarev,&nbsp;I. V. Borina,&nbsp;N. M. Budnev,&nbsp;V. A. Chadymov,&nbsp;A. S. Chepurnov,&nbsp;V. Dik,&nbsp;A. A. Doroshenko,&nbsp;G. V. Domogatsky,&nbsp;R. Dvornicky,&nbsp;A. N. Dyachok,&nbsp;Zh.-A. M. Dzhilkibaev,&nbsp;E. Eckerova,&nbsp;T. V. Elzhov,&nbsp;V. N. Fomin,&nbsp;A. R. Gafarov,&nbsp;K. V. Golubkov,&nbsp;N. S. Gorshkov,&nbsp;T. I. Gress,&nbsp;K. G. Kebkal,&nbsp;V. K. Kebkal,&nbsp;I. V. Kharuk,&nbsp;E. V. Khramov,&nbsp;M. I. Kleimenov,&nbsp;M. M. Kolbin,&nbsp;S. O. Koligaev,&nbsp;K. V. Konischev,&nbsp;A. V. Korobchenko,&nbsp;A. P. Koshechkin,&nbsp;V. A. Kozhin,&nbsp;M. V. Kruglov,&nbsp;V. F. Kulepov,&nbsp;A. A. Kulikov,&nbsp;Y. E. Lemeshev,&nbsp;R. R. Mirgazov,&nbsp;D. V. Naumov,&nbsp;A. S. Nikolaev,&nbsp;I. A. Perevalova,&nbsp;D. P. Petukhov,&nbsp;E. N. Pliskovsky,&nbsp;M. I. Rozanov,&nbsp;E. V. Ryabov,&nbsp;G. B. Safronov,&nbsp;B. A. Shaybonov,&nbsp;V. Yu. Shishkin,&nbsp;E. V. Shirokov,&nbsp;F. Simkovic,&nbsp;A. E. Sirenko,&nbsp;A. V. Skurikhin,&nbsp;A. G. Solovjev,&nbsp;M. N. Sorokovikov,&nbsp;I. Stekl,&nbsp;A. P. Stromakov,&nbsp;O. V. Suvorova,&nbsp;V. A. Tabolenko,&nbsp;V. I. Tretiak,&nbsp;Y. V. Yablokova,&nbsp;D. N. Zaborov,&nbsp;S. I. Zavyalov,&nbsp;D. Y. Zvezdov","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025700484","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025700484","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of the deep underwater neutrino telescope BAIKAL-GVD involves the creation of equipment for regular long-term monitoring of inherent optical properties (IOP) of the aquatic environment within the effective volume of the telescope. Regular monitoring of IOP provides not only an increase in the accuracy of retrieving neutrino energy and direction, but also unique data for limnological studies. The paper describes the design of BAIKAL-5D devices developed to solve this problem and considers the methods and algorithms for in situ monitoring of IOP used in these devices. The sources of instrumental error in measuring the light absorption and scattering in water are examined and the necessary corrections are determined. Some results of measuring IOP of the deep waters of Lake Baikal using BAIKAL-5D devices are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"38 5","pages":"609 - 617"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monin–Obukhov Scale in Determining Temperature Stratification of the Surface Air Layer","authors":"S. L. Odintsov,&nbsp;V. A. Gladkikh,&nbsp;A. P. Kamardin,&nbsp;I. V. Nevzorova","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025700502","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025700502","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Monin–Obukhov (MO) scales estimated from experimental data received at two observation sites with different underlying surface structure under different surface air temperature stratification types are analyzed. The MO scale (its sign, first of all) is compared with current temperature profiles in the surface air layer. The MO scale sign is found to differ sometimes from actual temperature stratification, which contradicts the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory. The results can be used for refining surface air layer models which are based on this theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"38 5","pages":"627 - 633"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of Amplified Spontaneous Emission to Output Signals of Laser Active Optical Systems","authors":"N. A. Vasnev,&nbsp;M. V. Trigub","doi":"10.1134/S1024856025700496","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1024856025700496","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper studies the composition of output signals of metalvapor laser active optical systems under various operating conditions. The effect of the time characteristics of these systems on the output signal composition is experimentally estimated. A technique for determining the contribution of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) to the output signals of self-adjoint system and system with independent illumination source is suggested. An optimal time of input signal arrival to the active medium of an amplifier for ensuring the maximal signal/noise ratio is determined. ASE is completely suppressed in the system with independent illumination source at a time delay of −4.3 to +25.8 ns. Complete suppression in the self-adjoint system was not achieved. The minimal ASE value in the self-adjoint system was 80 mW, i.e., ~2% of output signal power. The results can be useful in studying the amplification characteristics of active metalvapor optical systems and in visual-optical diagnostics in laser monitors on their basis.</p>","PeriodicalId":46751,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics","volume":"38 5","pages":"618 - 626"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}