Japan and the World Economy最新文献_第8页

On expenditure/income discrepancies in national accounts in the presence of two price units 关于存在两个价格单位的国民账户中的支出/收入差异

IF 1.3 4区经济学

Japan and the World Economy Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japwor.2022.101161

Makoto Saito

{"title":"On expenditure/income discrepancies in national accounts in the presence of two price units","authors":"Makoto Saito","doi":"10.1016/j.japwor.2022.101161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japwor.2022.101161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This paper demonstrates that expenditure/income discrepancies appearing in national accounts<span><span> are caused partly by the nominal distortion due to the presence of two price units, and partly by the real distortion due to the mismeasurement of expenditure items. In addition, it investigates how such statistical discrepancies reveal potentially important information about various informal, though not necessarily illegal, economic activities, which are not grasped fully by statistical or tax authorities in a central government. Three cases are explored in detail. First, after-consumption-tax prices are mixed with before-consumption-tax prices in aggregating expenditures. Second, black-market prices coexist with official prices in a heavily controlled economy. Third, prices are quoted in not only a conventional currency unit, but also a more valuable </span>cryptocurrency unit; however, the latter unit is still evaluated one to one with the former. Unlike in macroeconomic disequilibrium models, statistical discrepancies are not </span></span><em>ex ante</em> concepts, but they actually occur <em>ex post</em>. This paper examines how <em>ex post</em><span> excess demand/supply within the formal economy, resulting from such discrepancies, is adjusted by monetary and nonmonetary interactions with the informal or underground economy.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":46744,"journal":{"name":"Japan and the World Economy","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 101161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41658109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Initial funding and founders’ human capital: An empirical analysis using multiple surveys for start-up firms 初始融资与创始人人力资本:基于创业公司多重调查的实证分析

IF 1.3 4区经济学

Japan and the World Economy Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japwor.2022.101145

Yuji Honjo , Charee Kwak , Hirofumi Uchida

引用次数: 0

Impact of career education on high school students’ occupational choice: Evidence from a cluster-randomized controlled trial 职业教育对高中生职业选择的影响:来自聚类随机对照试验的证据

IF 1.3 4区经济学

Japan and the World Economy Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japwor.2022.101146

Ryosuke Moriyasu , Toru Kobayashi

{"title":"Impact of career education on high school students’ occupational choice: Evidence from a cluster-randomized controlled trial","authors":"Ryosuke Moriyasu , Toru Kobayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.japwor.2022.101146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japwor.2022.101146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>What influence does career-relevant information have on occupational choices? This study analyzes changes in career preferences related to the provision of career-relevant information through a cluster-randomized controlled trial with students at a rural Japanese high school. We examined the potential effects of two types of information, including an information regarding impact of technological innovation on labor markets program (the “ICT-AI Impact on the Labor Market” program) and an information regarding how to deepen “self-understanding” (the “self-understanding” program). The results reveal that the ICT-AI Impact program did not induce statistically significant shifts in students’ occupational choices. By contrast, the self-understanding program shifted students’ occupational choices regarding professional occupations such as educational, medical, and legal professions. Our findings indicate that career-relevant information provision can be an effective policy tool in the labor market because the provision can support students’ occupational choices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46744,"journal":{"name":"Japan and the World Economy","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 101146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0922142522000317/pdfft?md5=28f9ef2cd92896de3f5746ae241ccb8b&pid=1-s2.0-S0922142522000317-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44529144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Determinants of the number of bidders and win-reserve ratio in open competitive tendering: Relationship-specific investments and incomplete contracts 公开竞争性招标中投标人数量和中标比例的决定因素:关系特定投资和不完全合同

IF 1.3 4区经济学

Japan and the World Economy Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japwor.2022.101147

Yoshinobu Nakanishi

{"title":"Determinants of the number of bidders and win-reserve ratio in open competitive tendering: Relationship-specific investments and incomplete contracts","authors":"Yoshinobu Nakanishi","doi":"10.1016/j.japwor.2022.101147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japwor.2022.101147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In open competitive tendering in Japan, one-party bid events where only one contractor submits a bid frequently occur. This situation has been criticized as hindering economic efficiency and fairness. This study uses bidding records to statistically analyze the factors that influence the number of bidders and cause one-party bids, which subsequently influence the win-reserve ratio. We found that fewer bidders participate in bidding for deals that require relationship-specific investments, resulting in a higher win-reserve ratio. In biddings with ambiguous specifications and incomplete contracts, more bidders participate, leading to a lower win-reserve ratio. Aside from these indirect effects mediated by the number of bidders, some factors directly influence the win-reserve ratio. Interestingly, indirect and direct effects conflict for follow-up deals and deal size. Thus, by highlighting deal-specific factors and differentiating between indirect and direct effects, this study brings new insights into the discussion on bidder behavior and its outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46744,"journal":{"name":"Japan and the World Economy","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 101147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0922142522000329/pdfft?md5=d5f2aeca181472cdaea49f2702eed22b&pid=1-s2.0-S0922142522000329-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44111112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How effective was the restaurant restraining order against COVID-19? A nighttime light study in Japan 餐馆限制令对COVID-19的效果如何?日本的夜间灯光研究

IF 1.3 4区经济学

Japan and the World Economy Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japwor.2022.101136

Kazunobu Hayakawa , Souknilanh Keola , Shujiro Urata

引用次数: 7

Measuring concentration in the Japanese loan and deposit markets 衡量日本贷款和存款市场的集中度

IF 1.3 4区经济学

Japan and the World Economy Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japwor.2022.101148

Iichiro Uesugi , Kazuki Hiraga , Masashi Manabe , Naoyuki Yoshino

{"title":"Measuring concentration in the Japanese loan and deposit markets","authors":"Iichiro Uesugi , Kazuki Hiraga , Masashi Manabe , Naoyuki Yoshino","doi":"10.1016/j.japwor.2022.101148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japwor.2022.101148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study is the first to exhaustively calculate the degree of concentration in regional banking markets using the outstanding amount of loans and deposits at branches and headquarters of financial institutions<span> in Japan. Calculating the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) for loans and deposits for each prefecture and for each urban employment area for the period 2005–2019, we show differences in the HHI across regions and developments in these differences over time. Furthermore, we decompose the level of and changes in the HHI into two components: the contribution of the number of financial institutions and the contribution of the deviation of individual financial institutions’ market share from the mean. We also examine the extent of the increase in the HHI caused by mergers of financial institutions and its persistence. The main results obtained are as follows. First, while the HHIs for loans and deposits show an upward trend, the HHI for loans in large metropolitan areas, which was already low, continued to further decline, indicating that competition among financial institutions in large metropolitan regions, which already was severe, has continued to intensify. Second, increases in the HHI are not only due to reductions in the number of financial institutions but also to the growing variation in financial institutions’ market share. And third, while an increase in the loan HHI due to a merger of financial institutions is sustained for a certain period, the duration of such an increase tends to be shorter in regions with a low market concentration.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":46744,"journal":{"name":"Japan and the World Economy","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 101148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48760101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The evolution of Japanese keiretsu networks: A review and text network analysis of their perceptions in economics 日本keiretsu网络的演变——对其经济学认知的回顾和文本网络分析

IF 1.3 4区经济学

Japan and the World Economy Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japwor.2022.101132

Artur F. Tomeczek

{"title":"The evolution of Japanese keiretsu networks: A review and text network analysis of their perceptions in economics","authors":"Artur F. Tomeczek","doi":"10.1016/j.japwor.2022.101132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japwor.2022.101132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The article aims to show how keiretsu networks have functioned, evolved, and influenced the economy of Japan over the decades. The main research method used is an in-depth literature review, while a bibliometric analysis and the path-dependence framework support it in the selection of relevant material. The keiretsu predecessors were the zaibatsu – large family-controlled conglomerates that came into prominence during the Meiji Period. The two traditional types of keiretsu are horizontal (financial) networks and vertical (industrial) networks. The key elements of the keiretsu system are the main banks, sōgō shōsha, shachō-kai (for horizontal keiretsu), and kyōryoku-kai (for vertical keiretsu). Text network analysis reveals four main themes in the literature: “Japan and the global economy,” “financial institutions of Japan,” “the theory of the keiretsu,” and “the characteristics of the Japanese firms.” The keiretsu had a positive influence on the Japanese economy during the post-war period of high economic growth. As the economy of Japan slowed down in the 1990 s, the gains from keiretsu membership became less unequivocal – which prompted a wave of mergers and modernization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46744,"journal":{"name":"Japan and the World Economy","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47874313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Impact of COVID-19 on trade in services 2019冠状病毒病对服务贸易的影响

IF 1.3 4区经济学

Japan and the World Economy Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japwor.2022.101131

Mitsuyo Ando , Kazunobu Hayakawa

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on trade in services","authors":"Mitsuyo Ando , Kazunobu Hayakawa","doi":"10.1016/j.japwor.2022.101131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japwor.2022.101131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During past shocks (e.g., the 2008–2009 global financial crisis), the services trade was found to be more resilient than the goods trade; however, the ongoing novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has restricted cross-border mobility, which is disastrous to the services trade because it often requires physical proximity between suppliers and consumers. We empirically examined the impact of COVID-19 on the services trade using quarterly data from 146 countries in 2019 and 2020. Its severity is measured according to the number of cases, the number of deaths, and an index measuring the severity of lockdown orders. We found that the pandemic had a more significantly negative impact on the services trade than the goods trade, particularly on the import side. Moreover, the extent of the impact varied among disaggregated services sectors, reflecting the nature of services. Travel services were the most severely affected, followed by transport and construction services, which are largely related to the international movement of people and goods. On the other hand, other services typically provided as cross-border supply, including computer services, experienced almost no significant effect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46744,"journal":{"name":"Japan and the World Economy","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8915575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10602975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

The effect of price on the quality of public construction in Japan 价格对日本公共建设质量的影响

IF 1.3 4区经济学

Japan and the World Economy Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japwor.2022.101134

Kentaro Hatsumi , Rieko Ishii

引用次数: 1

The impact of exchange rate changes on the Japanese chemical industry 汇率变动对日本化学工业的影响

IF 1.3 4区经济学

Japan and the World Economy Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japwor.2022.101135

Willem Thorbecke , Nimesh Salike , Chen Chen

引用次数: 0