{"title":"Japanese Translation of the Concerns of Social Reprisal Scale and Examination of the Bivalent Fear of Evaluation Model for Social Anxiety in Japan","authors":"Sho Okawa, Shota Noda, Justin W. Weeks","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12505","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The bivalent fear of evaluation model explains the association of fear of evaluation and heightened social anxiety via concerns of social reprisal (CSR) and disqualification of positive social outcomes (DPSO). The constructs of the model may differ in individualistic (e.g., Australia) and collectivistic countries (e.g., Japan); however, no study has examined the model, including CSR, in collectivistic countries. This study develops the Japanese translation of the Concerns of Social Reprisal Scale (CSRS) and examines constructs of the bivalent fear of evaluation model in Japan. Overall, 496 participants completed CSR and social-anxiety-related questionnaires. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 1-factor structure for the Japanese translation of the CSRS. Convergent validity and internal consistency were supported by significant relationships between social-anxiety-related variables and high McDonald's <i>ω</i> coefficient. Discriminant validity was partially supported by higher correlation between the CSRS and DPSO scale than correlation to the fear of negative evaluation scale. Path analysis revealed that the best fitting bivalent fear of evaluation model is similar to the individualistic country model, although DPSO contributes to social anxiety symptoms more than fear of positive evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"68 3","pages":"492-501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12505","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148533654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of the Engagement with Beauty Scale-Revised, Japanese Version (EBS-R-J), and Confirmation of its Validity and Reliability","authors":"Jingni Liu, Rhett Diessner, Hirokata Fukushima","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12506","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Appreciation of beauty is an ability to find, recognize, and emotionally respond to beauty. It is often considered to be associated with several psychological fields, such as forms of the good life, love, transcendence, and exploration. The Engagement with Beauty Scale-Revised (EBS-R) is one of the most comprehensive scales for measuring the beauty appreciation trait. In this study, we have developed the Japanese version of this scale (EBS-R-J) and confirmed its reliability and validity through two surveys conducted in Japan. Specifically, this study has not only validated the original four-factor structure of the EBS-R-J, but also revealed an alternative five-factor model. Both models had satisfactory internal consistency estimates for the total score and subscales, had verified concurrent validity through examining correlations with the Aesthetic Emotions Scale (AESTHEMOS), had verified known-groups validity by comparing the scores of the EBS-R-J between groups of art-experienced and art-inexperienced individuals, and confirmed the temporal reliability of the EBS-R-J by means of correlation coefficients for a 4-week interval for the total score and each subscale score. In conclusion, the EBS-R-J developed in this study has relatively satisfactory reliability and validity, indicating that it represents a valid measure of the trait of beauty appreciation in the Japanese language.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"68 3","pages":"539-557"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12506","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148534222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of Implicit Attitudes Toward Infants on the Perception of Infant Cuteness","authors":"Shinnosuke Ikeda","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12501","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12501","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It has been reported that males in early adulthood may experience difficulty in perceiving infant cuteness. This phenomenon has been attributed to the evolutionary acquisition of parenting-related responses; however, the factors that influence individual differences in cuteness perception remain unclear. The present study investigated the impact of implicit attitudes toward infants on the accuracy of infant cuteness perception among Japanese university students (<i>N</i> = 72). A novel Implicit Association Test was developed to assess implicit attitudes toward infants. The findings revealed that females had more accurate perceptions of infant cuteness and more positive implicit attitudes toward infants. Notably, among males, a more positive implicit attitude toward infants was associated with increased accuracy in perceiving infant cuteness. Finally, the mechanisms by which various responses to infants are acquired were discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"68 3","pages":"567-575"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12501","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139439738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of a Scale to Measure Tolerance Toward Diverse Others1","authors":"Kaede Maeda, Hirofumi Hashimoto","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12512","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Opportunities to interact with people from different cultures and languages have increased as society has become more globalized. Hence, it has become increasingly important for people living in today's international society to accept and try to build trusting relationships with those who may perceive the world differently. This study aimed to develop a scale to measure people's tolerant attitudes toward diverse others (hereafter, <i>tolerance toward diverse others</i>). Furthermore, after confirming the newly developed scale's reliability and validity, we used it to examine its associations with general trust and cultural interdependent self-construal. Albeit exploratively, we then discuss the relationships among these variables. Our results showed that scores on the newly developed Tolerance of Diverse Others Scale were positively correlated with scores on the General Trust Scale and also with scores on tolerance-related items in the World Values Survey. Furthermore, the harmony-seeking aspect of cultural interdependent self-construal was positively correlated with tolerance toward diverse others, while the rejection-avoidance aspect was negatively correlated, although the positive correlation between harmony seeking and rejection avoidance was shown. We discuss what the results suggest about Japanese individuals' perceptions of diverse others.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"68 3","pages":"530-538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12512","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148532506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pluralistic Ignorance did not Prevent Paternity Leave in Japan in December 2021: A Replication Study","authors":"Yuta Kawamura, Kanatsu Totake","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12507","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent times, the circumstances surrounding childcare leave in Japan have undergone substantial change. The present study aimed to replicate the study by Miyajima and Yamaguchi (2017), who demonstrated that pluralistic ignorance inhibits paternity leave. Our preregistered replication survey, which comprised 222 employed males, found that participants recognized others' attitudes toward paternity leave as more negative than they actually were. This result indicates that, as in the previous study, pluralistic ignorance about paternity leave still exists. However, unlike Miyajima and Yamaguchi's (2017) work, pluralistic ignorance did not inhibit participants' willingness to take paternity leave. The potential causes of these differences are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"68 3","pages":"576-584"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12507","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148533459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of the Multidimensional Workaholism Scale (MWS) Japanese Edition and Examination of its Convergent, Discriminant, and Incremental Validity","authors":"Armaghan Eslami, Atsuko Kanai, Miyuki Matsumoto","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12518","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12518","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to translate and validate the Multidimensional Workaholism Scale (MWS) for the Japanese population in two divided studies. The MWS has four dimensions—motivational, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral—with a correlated four-factor model. In Study 1, we translated the MWS into Japanese using the back-translation method. Next, 200 participants recruited by a research company answered the Japanese version of the MWS. An exploratory factor analysis of the collected data indicated four factors that were in line with the original scale. In the second survey, 316 different participants were recruited using the same method as in Study 1, and they responded to the MWS, WorkBat, Dutch Work Addiction Scale, work engagement, perfectionism, work–family conflict, and negative affect measures. At first, we tested different factorial models of the MWS through the confirmatory factor analysis and correlated the four-factor model that indicated the best model fit. Next, the discriminant, convergent, and incremental validity of the MWS were tested in Study 2. In general, the Japanese version of the MWS has good validity and reliability. Finally, some of the results, implications, and limitations of this study are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"68 3","pages":"472-491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12518","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140660889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Haptic Sensations Modulate Judgment of Words that Elicit Self-referent Memory","authors":"Toshiki Ikeda, Yuji Takeda","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12532","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12532","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Previous studies have reported that soft haptic sensations influence higher-order cognition, but few studies have investigated effects of soft haptic sensations on the recall of episodic memories. The present study examined whether or not holding a soft object influences the recall of episodes. Participants held either a soft or hard cushion and performed tasks in which they recalled episodic memories. On each trial, a pleasant or unpleasant trait word was presented. In Experiment 1, the participants judged whether or not the word elicited an autobiographical memory. In Experiment 2, the participants judged whether or not the word elicited a memory of an episode involving their caregiver. In Experiment 1, the number of self-referent judgments for unpleasant words was smaller when participants held a soft cushion than when they held a hard cushion. In Experiment 2, holding soft or hard cushions had no significant effect on the number of caregiver-referent judgments. These results suggest that effects of soft haptic sensations on the recall of positive and negative autobiographical memories are asymmetrical.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"68 3","pages":"515-521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12532","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Male and Female Laboratory Rats Equally Acquire Running-Based Flavor-Aversion Learning1","authors":"Sadahiko Nakajima, Mengwei Li","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12481","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12481","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Laboratory rats can be conditioned to shy away from a flavored substance consumed immediately before running in activity wheels, suggesting flavor-aversion learning. We examined whether the factor of sex impacted running-based flavor-aversion learning. A differential conditioning procedure was employed in Experiment 1: The measure of learning was the degree of differentiation in the intake of a target flavor solution paired with running and an unpaired non-target flavor solution. Flavor-aversion learning was observed as a gradual decrease in the intake of the target solution, which was absent in that of the non-target solution. Although females ran more than twice as fast as males, the degree of differential conditioning was similar for males and females. This was the case not only for absolute intake but also for intake per body weight and change from the initial intake (percentage decrease). The null effect of sex was replicated in Experiment 2, which employed a simple conditioning procedure. These results suggest that rats’ running-based flavor-aversion learning is a robust phenomenon, despite the subjects being male or female.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"68 3","pages":"420-433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12481","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72662149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Relationship Between Cognition of Lying and the Previous Day's Lies","authors":"Naoya Tabata","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12513","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The research on the Cognition of Lying Scale, assessing how people think about lying in general, has demonstrated a negative correlation between the cognition of negative aspects of lying score and the number of lies told the previous day. This study reexamined the relationship between the cognition of lying and the number of lies told the previous day after controlling for socially desirable responses. Japanese university students (<i>N</i> = 105) responded to the Cognition of Lying Scale and scales assessing socially desirable responses. The study evaluated the lies told the previous day using the Day Reconstruction Method, in which participants described the previous day's events and details of the lies they told. Two coders classified the lies as self-oriented or other-oriented. The results were consistent with the previous study and indicated that the cognition of negative aspects of lying was significantly and negatively related to the total number of lies, both self-oriented and other-oriented, after controlling for socially desirable responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"68 3","pages":"558-566"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148533839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Longitudinal Study on Development of Coping Strategies for Early Childhood Conflicts Regarding Object Possession and Related Factors","authors":"Takayuki Umezaki, Atsushi Sakai, Kazumi Maeshiro, Hiroto Murohashi","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12499","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12499","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Children experience peer relationship conflicts related to object possession from early childhood. They achieve social–emotional development by adjusting mutual desires and overcoming conflicts using different conflict-coping strategies. Conflict studies have examined the effects of conditions, such as who first owned an object, and strategies employed by children of varying age groups. On the other hand, longitudinal studies on this issue are rare. We examined children's conflict-coping strategy development under different conditions about who possessed an object first using data from three time points in early childhood. The results showed no effects of conditions on three developmental patterns: strategy transition characterized by dependence on others, social strategy dominance characterized by autonomy, or emotional strategy dominance characterized by non-autonomy. Logistic regression analysis indicated that gender and inhibitory control defined these patterns. Moreover, there was an interactional effect of family caregiving attitudes and opportunities for contact with peers. These results indicate the reciprocal influence of family caregiving and peer relationship on early childhood development related to conflict experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"68 3","pages":"434-454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12499","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139528260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}