Japanese Psychological Research最新文献

{"title":"Editorial: Innovations in Clinical Psychological Science in the Era of Complexity","authors":"Jun Kashihara, Masaya Ito, Yoshihiko Kunisato","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12588","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2000, the theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking stated, “I think the next [21st] century will be the century of complexity” (Chiu, <span>2000</span>, p. 29A). His prediction appears accurate. Over the course of this century, the world has faced numerous complex and uncertain challenges at a global scale, including extreme climate change, species extinction, the spread of fake news, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Modern science has become increasingly interdisciplinary and is leveraging advanced technologies to address these crises and to better understand the complex systems underlying them. The most striking example is the development of network science (Barabási, <span>2016</span>), which provides visualizations of diverse complex systems explored across various academic disciplines (e.g., climatology, bioecology, socio-informatics, and infectious disease epidemiology) and seeks to explain how extreme phenomena arise from these systems. Also noteworthy is the growing application of artificial intelligence (AI)-related technologies. As exemplified by the announcement that the Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry in 2024 were awarded to pioneers in AI research (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, <span>2024a</span>, <span>2024b</span>), AI-related technologies are now being extensively utilized to identify predictable patterns in complex phenomena that often escape human awareness.</p><p>Waves of complexity are also emerging in the field of clinical psychology. As Jennifer Tackett, editor of <i>Clinical Psychological Science</i>, noted, clinical psychology is increasingly striving for integration with various subfields, both within and beyond psychology, to foster innovation (Association for Psychological Science [APS], <span>2020</span>). In this century, we have observed the growing application of complex systems or network approaches to investigate psychopathology (for reviews, see Borsboom, Deserno, et al., <span>2021</span>; Robinaugh et al., <span>2020</span>) and the increasing use of machine learning algorithms to improve the prediction of clinical outcomes (Dwyer et al., <span>2018</span>; Hilbert et al., <span>2020</span>). The use of neuroscientific measures has gained popularity in clinical psychology (Hajcak et al., <span>2017</span>), while smartphones and other digital devices have expanded the designs of mental health research, including studies employing ecological momentary assessment methods (Fried et al., <span>2022</span>; Larson & Csikszentmihalyi, <span>1983</span>). To borrow the words of Jennifer Tackett (APS, <span>2020</span>), clinical psychology is striving to establish itself as a \"<i>hub of the hub\" science</i> referred to as clinical psychological science. Psychology, as a whole, has established itself as a <i>hub science</i> referred to as psychological science, characterized by the growing use of multidisciplinary methodologies. Influential clinical psychology researchers are now applying these methodologie","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"67 2","pages":"127-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12588","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upstream Approaches for Suicide Prevention Using Search-Based Advertising: A Pilot Study","authors":"Satoshi Ono,&nbsp;Hajime Sueki,&nbsp;Tai Nakahara,&nbsp;Asumi Takahashi,&nbsp;Akiko Koda,&nbsp;Akito Sakai,&nbsp;Maiko Saito,&nbsp;Jiro Ito","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12582","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aims to describe the pilot operation of upstream approaches for suicide prevention using search-based advertising. Outreach was conducted to Internet users who searched for keywords related to the six life issues with risk factors for suicide (perinatal women, domestic violence, addiction, depression, sexual minorities, and child abuse). Search-based advertisements were displayed 1,481,025 times and clicked on 62,884 times (click rate: 4.25%). Since the mental health status of those in the five areas of life issues, except for addiction, was considered serious, outreach using search-based advertising could expedite effective support information to those with serious mental health conditions. In the addiction area, outreach to those with gambling and alcohol addiction was considered effective, but effective outreach to those with drug addiction was found to be difficult within the framework of this study. In conclusion, this study shows that upstream approaches for suicide prevention using search-based advertising can reach Internet users with specific life issues and deteriorating mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"67 2","pages":"208-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12582","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Utility of a Machine Learning Approach with Mobile-Based Cognitive Function Tasks for Detecting Depression","authors":"Momoka Takeshige,&nbsp;Taiki Oka,&nbsp;Mai Ohwan,&nbsp;Kei Hirai","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12565","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Self-report questionnaires, used for detecting major depressive disorder (MDD) in daily life, may incur biases stemming from social desirability and repetitive answers. Though detection based on mobile sensing was being developed recently, it cannot sufficiently promote self-help action due to the characteristics of passive feedback. Thus, an active self-monitoring and feedback system is crucial for individuals to recognize and address their malfunctions. In this study, we proposed to predict changes in MDD severity using cognitive tasks monitored on mobile devices. An online survey was conducted to evaluate the severity, incorporating cognitive tasks such as Navon task, Go/No-go task, and n-back task, along with the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology. Participants completed the survey three times on their mobile devices. The analysis included data from 75 participants, including 21 participants whose MDD score increased by at least one point during the second and third surveys; the first survey was excluded to avoid confounding effects. A random forest classifier was employed for classifying participants whose depression has and has not worsened. The learned model achieved modest accuracy (68.3%) with a significant mean area under the curve of 0.59 (<i>t</i>(9) = 2.98, <i>p</i> = .016, <i>d</i>_<i>z</i> = 0.94), suggesting the potential to predict depressive states based on cognitive domains. Moreover, working memory and attentional inhibition functions contributed to predicting the severity change mostly. Though improvements are required to reduce false negatives for practical applications, our result suggests that MDD aggravation could be assessed by mobile cognitive tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"67 2","pages":"195-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12565","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objective and Subjective Sleep Characteristics of Japanese University Students: Analysis Using Questionnaires and Wearable Trackers","authors":"Tomohiro Uchida,&nbsp;Tai Kurosawa","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12560","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The transition from high school to university is characterized by changes in students' social and learning environments, potentially impacting sleep and learning behaviors. To examine the sleep characteristics of university students, this study aimed to (a) measure sleep in a living environment using a wearable tracker; (b) use a self-administered questionnaire to examine the relationship between objective and subjective sleep; and (c) examine how psychological aspects are related to objective and subjective sleep. Fifty undergraduate and graduate students participated, with 310 sleep records obtained. The objective means total sleep time showed a moderately positive correlation with sleep quantity in the 3-Dimensional Sleep Scale. Furthermore, we found that mental health, trait anxiety, and quality of life do not correlate with objective total sleep time but are significantly moderately correlated with subjective sleep quantity. The combination of wearable trackers and subjective reports may provide a more precise understanding of university students' actual sleep patterns and how different aspects of sleep behavior are associated with health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"67 2","pages":"162-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12560","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Can Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Help Understanding of the Psychotherapy Process? A Scoping Review of Therapeutic Interactions","authors":"Takayuki Iwayama,&nbsp;Akira Matsumoto,&nbsp;Ayako Saneyoshi,&nbsp;Hitomi Oi,&nbsp;Ayaka Yanagida,&nbsp;Hiroku Noma,&nbsp;Shun Nakajima,&nbsp;Nanako Nakamura-Taira","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12561","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has garnered significant attention for its potential clinical applications as a non-invasive and straightforward method for measuring brain functions. While NIRS has become useful in psychiatric contexts by aiding in the differential diagnosis of depression, its application in clinical psychology is still developing. Due to its ecological validity, which allows for measurements in natural settings, NIRS shows promise in revealing the dynamic elements of the psychotherapy process. In this study, we conducted a scoping literature review of the use of NIRS in psychotherapeutic interactions, exploring its potential to unveil the complexities of psychotherapy settings involving interpersonal interactions. Employing a scoping review approach, we systematically searched the PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases for articles published through October 19, 2023 about studies using NIRS as a measurement instrument: This yielded various therapeutic interactions. Of the 155 retrieved results that remained after the initial screening, seven met the inclusion criteria. Of these, six studies examined the synchronization of brain functions through the simultaneous brain activity measurements (hyperscanning) of two participants. The review revealed that, despite the anticipated potential of NIRS, it has become evident there is a dearth of research focusing on interactions during psychotherapy. Furthermore, the few available studies have not explored changes in line with the progression of psychotherapeutic interactions. Consequently, future studies should address whether NIRS can effectively assess alterations in brain function resulting from micro-level events, such as the therapeutic interaction between therapists and clients during psychotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"67 2","pages":"175-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Studies of Face and Body","authors":"Jiale Yang,&nbsp;Masami K. Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12555","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;This special issue of &lt;i&gt;Japanese Psychological Research&lt;/i&gt;, titled &lt;i&gt;Studies of Face and Body&lt;/i&gt;, explores the intricate mechanisms and multifaceted aspects of face and body perception, cognition, and social significance. This issue is part of a project funded by the MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, titled &lt;i&gt;Construction of Face−Body Studies in Transcultural Conditions&lt;/i&gt;. This research project initiative on face and body studies in Japan spanned from 2017 to 2022 and aims to heighten awareness about the unconscious expressions of faces and bodies and the cultural differences in these expressions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Facial and bodily expressions serve as transparent mediums, revealing individual histories and enabling people to be understood by others. However, research has often been conducted on faces and bodies as separate entities. Recognizing the importance of integrating these two fields, our project aims to uncover the differences in facial and bodily expressions across diverse cultures and to explore the possibilities for developing cultural understanding through faces and bodies. By bringing unconscious facial and bodily expressions to conscious awareness, this field of study seeks to enhance the understanding of different cultures and the acceptance of diverse individuals. Multidisciplinary research methods, including psychological, anthropological, and philosophical perspectives, are used to elucidate cultural differences, aiming to clarify the commonalities and differences in facial and body expressions, considering both cultural and individual variations. Our project's goals align with the recent trend of developing integrated research on face and body perception, as evidenced by major international psychological conferences, such as the Vision Sciences Society (VSS), which included presentations on face and body perception in the same session in VSS 2024.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As a part of our project and to promote research on face and body studies, we feature this special issue. This special issue received 22 submissions, of which 12 were accepted for publication: eight focusing on face studies and four on body studies. We are grateful for the substantial number of submissions, which showcase a diverse range of topics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Among the accepted papers, there are four notable review papers. Fort et al. (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) explore the developmental trajectory of face processing and provide a comprehensive view of perceptual narrowing. Silvestri and Macchi Cassia (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) examine how infants perceive trustworthiness in faces and the role of spatial frequency in this process. Tanaka (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) offers a thorough overview of how body image develops in infants. Amita et al. (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) review the neuronal mechanisms involved in face processing in primates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In addition to these reviews, experimental studies provide fresh insights into various aspects of face and body perception. Chuang and Fujiwa","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"66 4","pages":"373-375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12555","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Japanese Psychological Research","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12559","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Volume 66&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Original Article&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adachi, M. and Adachi, K. &lt;i&gt;Procrastination and Precrastination from the Perspective of Self-Control&lt;/i&gt; 178&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Asayama, A., Nagamine, M., Kainuma, R., Tang, L., Miwa, S. and Toyama, M. &lt;i&gt;The Effect of Episodic Future Thinking on Learning Intention: Focusing on English Learning Goal-Relevant Future Thinking in University Students&lt;/i&gt; 195&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chuang, Y.-C. and Fujiwara, K. &lt;i&gt;Facial Mimicry in Unstructured Dyadic Interactions: A Cross-Cultural Study&lt;/i&gt; 493&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fukuichi, A., Wakita, T. and Sugamura, G. &lt;i&gt;What is the Most Helpful Body-Scan Posture for People with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Tendency?&lt;/i&gt; 541&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Goto, T., Kano, K. and Shiose, T. &lt;i&gt;Achievement Goal Impacts Students’ Preferences for “Personalized Problems” in Computer-Adaptive Tests&lt;/i&gt; 154&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Horiguchi, K. &lt;i&gt;Longitudinal Study on the Relationships between Organizational Factors and Autonomous and Controlled Motivation among Older Japanese Bridge Employees&lt;/i&gt; 28&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ichimura, K., Taoka, D. and Miyahara, R. &lt;i&gt;Impact Bias in Regret: Comparisons Between Within-Subjects and Between-Subjects Designs,&lt;/i&gt; Kokaishita &lt;i&gt;and&lt;/i&gt; Kuyashi&lt;i&gt;, and the Presence and Absence of Reward&lt;/i&gt; 315&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Igawa, J., Fukuzaki, T., Iotake, R. and Nakanishi, D. &lt;i&gt;Does Enthusiasm for Work Lead to Typical Burnout? A Three-Wave Panel Study with Caregivers&lt;/i&gt; 276&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ishiguro, C. &lt;i&gt;What Kind of Paintings Inspire Children when Viewing Art?&lt;/i&gt; 41&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ishiguro, C., Matsumoto, K., Agata, T. and Okada, T. &lt;i&gt;Development of the Japanese Version of the Short Scale of Creative Self&lt;/i&gt; 302&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kusumi, T., Nishikawa, K., Nomura, N. and Webster, J. D. &lt;i&gt;Validation of the Japanese Version of the Modified Balanced Time Perspective Scale: Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity Results&lt;/i&gt; 14&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lee, S., Shimizu, H. and Nakashima, K. &lt;i&gt;Shift-and-Persist Strategy: Tendencies and Effect on Japanese Parents and Children's Mental Health&lt;/i&gt; 241&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nagai, M., Honma, M., Kumada, T. and Osada, Y. &lt;i&gt;Spontaneous Interpersonal Coordination in Stepping and Autistic-Like Traits&lt;/i&gt; 55&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Namba, S., Fukuda, H., Nakashima, M., Takeuchi, M., Yamamoto, R. and Yoshikawa, K. &lt;i&gt;Conveying “Fun” Through Communicative Moves of Facial Expressions: Investigating the Theory of Affective Pragmatics&lt;/i&gt; 510&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nishimura, T. &lt;i&gt;A Unique Variance in Future Motivation for Observed Active Behaviors on Positive Class Participation Beyond the Effect of Current Motivation&lt;/i&gt; 138&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nittono, H. and Ohashi, A. &lt;i&gt;Considering Cuteness Enhances Smiling Responses to Infant Faces&lt;/i&gt; 462&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ohtani, K. and Yamamura, A. &lt;i&gt;Impact of Teachers’ Language Expression and Message Valence when Conveying Classroom-Compliance Instructions&lt;/i&gt; 68&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sakai, M., Kondo, M., Sugiura, T. and Akechi, T. &lt;i&gt;Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the Transdiagnostic Treatment of a Breast Cancer Survivor: A Case Study&lt;/i&gt; 264&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Shimizu, Y., Ogawa, K., Ki","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"66 4","pages":"563-565"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12559","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Effective Intervention Strategies for Depression as a Complex System: Targeted Interventions Through Network Simulations","authors":"Takumi Omizu,&nbsp;Yoshihiko Kunisato","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12553","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We conducted mathematical simulations to identify effective treatment options for depression. These simulations involved treatment component nodes that targeted specific symptoms within the depressive symptom network, examining how interventions for certain symptoms could improve the overall symptomatology. The results indicate that targeting a symptom with higher centrality can lead to significant improvement. Furthermore, while interventions targeting symptoms with the lowest centrality did not show any improvement, targeting multiple lower-centrality symptoms simultaneously may lead to an improvement in overall symptomatology. Insights from these simulations are expected to advance the understanding of effective intervention strategies for depression and the application of psychological networks in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"67 2","pages":"147-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12553","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Makes a Movement Human-Like?","authors":"Xiaoyue Yang,&nbsp;Miao Cheng,&nbsp;Ken Fujiwara,&nbsp;Yoshifumi Kitamura,&nbsp;Satoshi Shioiri,&nbsp;Chiahuei Tseng","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12542","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12542","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the advancement of AI-generated human motion, it is of increasing importance to think about how we distinguish real human motion from machine-generated movements. In this study, we recruited professional performers to use the whole body to make a short movement to inform potential observers that they are real humans (instead of machines). Their movements were captured with a motion capture system (Vicon) and later reduced to dynamic point-like displays (biological motion). They were interviewed after the recording to provide their acting strategies. Naive observers who did not participate in the motion data collection were recruited to watch these videos and judge whether the biological motions looked human-like or not (YES/NO), as well as to report their judging criteria. The major factors extracted from these reports include kinematics, context, body mechanics, and principles of physical laws. We discuss the impact of these criteria and how they may possibly help improve the future generation of human-like motions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"66 4","pages":"473-492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12542","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is the Most Helpful Body-Scan Posture for People with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Tendency?","authors":"Ayano Fukuichi,&nbsp;Takafumi Wakita,&nbsp;Genji Sugamura","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12541","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We explored body-scan postures suitable for people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tendency by developing and validating the Mindfulness Encouraging/Discouraging Reactions Scales (MERS/MDRS), using university students. In Study 1, we conducted a survey to collect typical positive and negative reactions during mindfulness exercises from 21 participants and created the preliminary items. In Study 2, 192 participants completed existing state/trait mindfulness scales and the preliminary MERS and MDRS after mindful breathing. Based on an item response model, we developed and validated MERS and MDRS. In Study 3, 19 participants were categorized into one of four groups: (a) combined, (b) hyperactive/impulsive, (c) inattentive, and (d) without ADHD tendencies. They performed body-scan meditations with each of the counterbalanced postures (upright, slumped, leaning-back sitting, and supine), and completed the questionnaires. The analysis showed that those with hyperactivity/impulsivity tendency found the body-scan meditation a challenge with the slumped posture and easier to perform in the supine posture; the upright posture provided high and low MERS to the hyperactivity/impulsivity tendency group and combined group, respectively; and sleepiness correlated with MERS in the supine posture (<i>r</i> = .49) and the upright posture (<i>r</i> = .51). We identified helpful body scan postures for people with ADHD tendency, using MERS and MDRS, but it was noted that these scales were created solely based on intuitive impressions for beginners, and it is not recommended that the items included in them be aimed for or avoided.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"66 4","pages":"541-562"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12541","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}