{"title":"The Effect of a Defusion Exercise Including a Hierarchical Procedure on Depressive Rumination","authors":"Yuki Shigemoto, Ian Stewart, Takashi Muto","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12533","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effect of a defusion exercise with a hierarchical procedure in the context of depression, depressive rumination, and behavioral inflexibility. A total of 38 undergraduates were randomly assigned to either a defusion or control group. All participants answered questionnaires and engaged in a behavioral flexibility task before and after intervention. For the intervention, the defusion group engaged in a hierarchical defusion procedure. They sorted their depressive private events into either thoughts, feelings, or sensations, and all of them were integrated to “depression.” Subsequently, they engaged in word‐repetition exercises for “depression.” The control group read an emotionally neutral article on Japanese culture for 5 min. Results showed that the defusion exercise decreased cognitive fusion regarding depression. However, it did not decrease depressive rumination or promote behavioral flexibility. These results suggest that adjustments in the implementation of defusion exercises and other interventions may be necessary to reduce depressive rumination and promote behavioral flexibility.","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141359394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perception of Facial Cues to Trustworthiness in Infancy: Insights from the Spatial Frequency Filtering Approach","authors":"Valentina Silvestri, Viola Macchi Cassia","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12531","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12531","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A crucial aspect of human social competence is the ability to spontaneously and rapidly infer from facial cues whether others are likely to approach us with friendliness or hostility—that is, trustworthiness. The rapid and automatic nature of these inferences has prompted the claim that they may originate from evolutionary pressures to detect potential threats, thus enhancing our chances of survival. However, the developmental origins of this social skill remain a topic of ongoing debate. Recent evidence shows that infants' brains and looking time behaviors differentiate between faces varying along the trustworthiness continuum, but the question about the nature of the facial cues they rely on remains open. In this review, we propose the spatial frequency (SF) filtering approach (i.e., the selective removal of spatial frequency bands from the image) as a useful tool for investigating this question, and specifically whether infants' discrimination of facial expressions of emotion share common visual and neural mechanisms with discrimination of facial cues associated with trustworthiness inferences. The SF filtering approach could shed light on the neural and perceptual mechanisms underlying trustworthiness perception in infancy, providing insights into whether and how these mechanisms change across development. The evidence gathered through this method would prove critical to the understanding of the developmental origins of trustworthiness perception.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12531","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141355347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neuronal Mechanisms Underlying Face Recognition in Non-human Primates","authors":"Hidetoshi Amita, Kenji W. Koyano, Jun Kunimatsu","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12530","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12530","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Humans and primates rely on visual face recognition for social interactions. Damage to specific brain areas causes prosopagnosia, a condition characterized by the inability to recognize familiar faces, indicating the presence of specialized brain areas for facial-recognition processing. A breakthrough finding came from a non-human primate (NHP) study conducted in the early 2000s; it was the first to identify multiple face-processing areas in the temporal lobe, termed “face patches.” Subsequent studies have demonstrated the unique role of each face patch in the structural analysis of faces. More recent studies have expanded these findings by exploring the role of face-patch networks in social and memory functions and the importance of early face exposure in the development of the system. In this review, we discuss the neuronal mechanisms responsible for analyzing facial features, categorizing faces, and associating faces with memory and social contexts within both the cerebral cortex and subcortical areas. Use of NHPs in neuropsychological and neurophysiological studies can highlight the mechanistic aspects of the neuronal circuit underlying face recognition at both the single-neuron and whole-brain network levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12530","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Haptic Sensations Modulate Judgment of Words that Elicit Self‐referent Memory","authors":"Toshiki Ikeda, Yuji Takeda","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12532","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have reported that soft haptic sensations influence higher‐order cognition, but few studies have investigated effects of soft haptic sensations on the recall of episodic memories. The present study examined whether or not holding a soft object influences the recall of episodes. Participants held either a soft or hard cushion and performed tasks in which they recalled episodic memories. On each trial, a pleasant or unpleasant trait word was presented. In Experiment 1, the participants judged whether or not the word elicited an autobiographical memory. In Experiment 2, the participants judged whether or not the word elicited a memory of an episode involving their caregiver. In Experiment 1, the number of self‐referent judgments for unpleasant words was smaller when participants held a soft cushion than when they held a hard cushion. In Experiment 2, holding soft or hard cushions had no significant effect on the number of caregiver‐referent judgments. These results suggest that effects of soft haptic sensations on the recall of positive and negative autobiographical memories are asymmetrical.","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Mobile App‐Based Positive Psychology Intervention for Well‐being","authors":"Hiroaki Uechi, T. Shimazaki, Koji Takenaka","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12535","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the feasibility of a mobile app‐based positive psychology intervention (PPI) for enhancing well‐being. A total of 24 Japanese students (11 men and 13 women) were assigned to the intervention group and 24 students with the same attributes (sex and grade) as the intervention group were assigned to the control group. The mobile app‐based PPI consisted of three PPI activities for 2 weeks. Participants recorded how many character strengths they used (character strengths), how many letters they sent (gratitude letters), and the events that went well on that day (three good things). Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance, and the results revealed significant intervention effects on engagement and achievement among well‐being. Moreover, favorable results were observed regarding the feasibility of the intervention, where women had a more favorable attitude toward acceptability, implementation, adaptation, integration, and expansion of the app than men.","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141362584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effects of Adding Emojis to Text Messages on Emotional Impressions and Recollection of Textual Content","authors":"Momoka Suzuki, Y. Ujiie, Kohske Takahashi","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12536","url":null,"abstract":"Emojis or emoticons are commonly used to convey emotional status to others in text‐based, online communication. While several studies have investigated the influence of emojis on emotional processing, the influence of emojis on the recognition of messages is less understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of emojis accompanying a short text message on the emotional impressions and memory of the messages. The results suggested that emojis modulated the emotional processing of the messages; the emotional arousal of the messages increased by adding emojis, and the emotional valence of messages was biased towards the valence of emojis. Furthermore, we found that the memory of the text messages was modulated by emojis; the recognition performance of the positive text messages was improved when they appeared with negative emojis. These results implied that emojis would have an impact on cognitive processing, as well as the emotional processing of text messages.","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141393736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of the Multidimensional Workaholism Scale (MWS) Japanese Edition and Examination of its Convergent, Discriminant, and Incremental Validity","authors":"A. Eslami, Atsuko Kanai, Miyuki Matsumoto","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12518","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to translate and validate the Multidimensional Workaholism Scale (MWS) for the Japanese population in two divided studies. The MWS has four dimensions—motivational, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral—with a correlated four‐factor model. In Study 1, we translated the MWS into Japanese using the back‐translation method. Next, 200 participants recruited by a research company answered the Japanese version of the MWS. An exploratory factor analysis of the collected data indicated four factors that were in line with the original scale. In the second survey, 316 different participants were recruited using the same method as in Study 1, and they responded to the MWS, WorkBat, Dutch Work Addiction Scale, work engagement, perfectionism, work–family conflict, and negative affect measures. At first, we tested different factorial models of the MWS through the confirmatory factor analysis and correlated the four‐factor model that indicated the best model fit. Next, the discriminant, convergent, and incremental validity of the MWS were tested in Study 2. In general, the Japanese version of the MWS has good validity and reliability. Finally, some of the results, implications, and limitations of this study are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140660889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hand to Face: A Phenomenological View of Body Image Development in Infants","authors":"Shogo Tanaka","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12517","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12517","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper attempts to theoretically reconsider body image development in infants from a phenomenological viewpoint of the body. Because body image is defined as the mental picture of one's whole body, our main question is how we obtain the perspective to view our own body as a whole in constituting body image. First, focusing on the development of mirror self-cognition in the first 2 years of life, we find that this perspective derives from that of others in embodied interactions with infants. We then trace the process whereby others' perspectives appear in dyadic interactions between infants and caregivers. Since joint attention is established around 9 months, this dyadic interaction is transformed into a triadic relationship between the infant, caregiver, and object, which is experienced as “secondary intersubjectivity.” Infant body image is constituted gradually within this intersubjective context. Based on phenomenological descriptions, we propose that the hands are the first organ and the face the last organ to be incorporated into one's body image. We conclude that the constitution of body image is not merely a sensory task of integrating proprioceptive and visual images of the body, but a social task of internalizing others' perspectives regarding one's own body.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12517","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stability of Assessment Using Creativity‐Related Indices","authors":"H. Terai, Kazuhisa Miwa, Shunsuke Mizuno","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12519","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to determine how many raters are required for the design products proposed in this study to obtain stable ratings of creativity over time using the Consensual Assessment Technique (CAT) and to examine the creativity subscales, namely, originality and practicality, and their composite scores in a similar manner. The results revealed that creativity assessment using the CAT was stable over time if the assessment was conducted by about 10 to 15 raters. On the contrary, originality and practicality assessment was found to be stable over time with about three raters. However, when the sum of the originality and practicality scores was used as a composite score, the assessment was found to be unstable. This could be attributed to the negative correlation between the originality and practicality assessments of the products. Further, when the product of the originality and practicality scores or the Euclidean distance within these dimensions was used, stable scores were obtained over time by using about 15 to 20 raters.","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140676177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Behind the Mask: Analyzing the Dual Influence of Social Norms on Pandemic Behavior in Japan1","authors":"Asako Miura, Aya Murayama, H. Kitamura","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12520","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the relationship between social norms and mask‐wearing behavior during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan from two distinct normative perspectives: injunctive norms (governmental recommendations) and descriptive norms (observed behavior in others). Data were collected from a panel survey of Japanese residents from February to October 2023. Contrary to the study's hypothesis, which was based on system justification theory, no significant relationship was found between system justification motivation and individual mask‐wearing rates, either before or after the relaxation of governmental rules in March 2023. Additionally, a cross‐lagged panel model analysis conducted after the rule relaxation indicated a relationship between descriptive norms (societal estimates of mask‐wearing rates) and individual behavior. However, the influence of descriptive norms on individual mask‐wearing behavior was not as pronounced as was anticipated. The study highlights the complexities in the interplay between societal norms and individual behavior in public health crises, underscoring the importance of considering various factors, including cultural predispositions.","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140695947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}