{"title":"Stability of Assessment Using Creativity-Related Indices","authors":"Hitoshi Terai, Kazuhisa Miwa, Shunsuke Mizuno","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12519","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12519","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this study is to determine how many raters are required for the design products proposed in this study to obtain stable ratings of creativity over time using the Consensual Assessment Technique (CAT) and to examine the creativity subscales, namely, originality and practicality, and their composite scores in a similar manner. The results revealed that creativity assessment using the CAT was stable over time if the assessment was conducted by about 10 to 15 raters. On the contrary, originality and practicality assessment was found to be stable over time with about three raters. However, when the sum of the originality and practicality scores was used as a composite score, the assessment was found to be unstable. This could be attributed to the negative correlation between the originality and practicality assessments of the products. Further, when the product of the originality and practicality scores or the Euclidean distance within these dimensions was used, stable scores were obtained over time by using about 15 to 20 raters.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"68 3","pages":"393-406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12519","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140676177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Holistic Processing of Recognition Memory for Face Identity: Evidence from a Face Morphing Paradigm","authors":"Daiki Kimitsuki, Hiroyuki Mitsudo","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12500","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12500","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Holistic face processing refers to a tendency to see face parts as a whole. This study examined whether and how holistic processing affects recognition memory for face identity in a learned/novel morphing continuum. In the study phase of each experiment reported here, adult participants were asked to memorize (i.e., learn) a set of unfamiliar face images by viewing them once or twice. In the test phase, the participants were presented with face images morphed from learned and novel ones and were asked to report whether they viewed the face in the study phase. In Experiment 1, we demonstrated that our morphing paradigm can capture memory selectivity changes (i.e., recognition boundary and sensitivity) associated with learned face identity. In Experiment 2, we demonstrated that whole-face presentations improved sensitivity to learned/novel face identity, but did not alter the recognition boundary between learned and novel face identity. These results support the view that holistic processing contributes to accurate face identification in recognition memory, even under minimal learning situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"68 3","pages":"502-514"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12500","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factors Relating to Kanji Reading Accuracy in Kun-readings: An Item-Level Analysis","authors":"Shinichiro Kakihana","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12504","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12504","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study sought to obtain comprehensive data on the difficulty level of <i>kun</i>-reading (native Japanese reading) of Japanese <i>kanji</i> (Chinese characters adapted for Japanese) learned in junior high and high school. Drawing from an item-based analysis, it explored the word variables related to the difficulty level of kun-reading. A reading test comprising 645 kun-readings of common kanji learned in junior high and high school was administered to 123 university students. Tobit regressions were conducted for the total, <i>okurigana</i> (phonetic kana letters suffix written after kanji), and single kanji items, using the word variables as independent variables and the reading accuracy as the dependent variable. Significant positive contributions were observed for imageability and word frequency for all item categories, kun-reading ratio for the single kanji items, and okurigana ratio for the total items. A significant negative contribution was observed for okurigana neighborhood size for the okurigana items. The results highlighted the need for education focusing on the meanings of kanji characters, and for a language policy for the use of the okurigana.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"68 3","pages":"455-471"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12504","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139961359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prospects for Clinical Reports on Selective Mutism Conducted in Japan: A Scoping Review1","authors":"Daichi Iimura, Natsuki Tsujita, Hiromichi Hagihara","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12476","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12476","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This scoping review examined clinical reports for selective mutism (SM) in Japan, the progress of literature, participants' demographic characteristics, and achievements of interventions. Multiple online databases were used to identify articles published before May 2021; a total of 175 articles and 218 participants were selected. The majority of articles followed a single-case design, and there has been an increase in the number of articles published over the last few decades. The participants' ages and genders were similar across different countries. Only 20.2% of participants were diagnosed with SM; 31.7% had comorbidities, with SM symptoms being the most common complaint. The most common intervention program was a weekly hour-long treatment session and less than a year of intervention. About half of the participants used assessment tools, with 21.6% reporting a quantitative outcome. The most commonly used intervention methods were behavioral therapy and play therapy. This review systematically maps SM research in Japan and advocates further high-quality research.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"68 2","pages":"369-390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12476","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136023684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Experimental Comparison of Two Emotion-Induction Methods and the Role of Emotion in Applying Decision Rules","authors":"Smriti Pathak, Kailash BL Srivastava, Roshan Lal Dewangan","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12466","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12466","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Very little attention has been given to the influence of emotions on the application of decision rules (DRs). Research in decision-making has largely pointed out the benefits of positive emotions; however, very few studies have compared emotion-induction methods (EIMs) for their efficacy, which makes it difficult to choose a relatively better method among them for a particular purpose. We aim to study the effectiveness and comparison of two EIMs, autobiographical recollection and feedback methods, on the elicitation of positive and negative emotions in an experimental environment to see the influence of positive and negative emotions on the application of DRs and to see whether EIMs have any influence on the application of DRs. Three hundred and twenty-four students were randomly divided in equal numbers to one of the EIMs with the intention to elicit either positive or negative emotion. The Positive Affectivity and Negative Affectivity Schedule was administered before and after EIMs. Subsequently, complete data from 300 students were analyzed. Analysis of variance results suggest both EIMs were effective in emotion induction and the negative emotional state was related to applying decision rules in problem-solving tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"68 2","pages":"244-258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12466","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83745092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Moderating Role of Inhibition on Irrelevant Emotional Information in the Relation of Cognitive Reappraisal and Affect Balance: Evidence from a Negative Affective Priming Task","authors":"Clement Eko Prasetio, Vanessa Maudy Putri, Agnes Sianipar","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12465","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12465","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study tested the role of inhibitory control as a moderator in the relationship between cognitive reappraisal and affect balance. We employed moderation analyses with data collected from 201 participants (mean age = 22.07 years, 76.1% female). We measured their affect balance in the last 4 weeks (with the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience [SPANE]), their habitual use of cognitive reappraisal (ERQ Scale), and their performance in inhibiting irrelevant positive and negative information by means of an online negative affective priming task. Results indicated that cognitive reappraisal was a significant and positive predictor for affect balance. As predicted, inhibition of irrelevant positive and negative stimuli significantly moderated the relationship between cognitive reappraisal and affect balance. Specifically, moderate to weak inhibition of irrelevant positive stimuli and moderate to strong inhibition of irrelevant negative stimuli were found to strengthen this relationship. Thus, our findings suggest that individuals can strengthen the positive impact of cognitive reappraisal on affect balance by strongly inhibiting irrelevant negative stimuli while allowing irrelevant positive stimuli to be processed in the working memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"68 2","pages":"184-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12465","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76293734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development and Validation of the Japanese Version of the Langer Mindfulness Scale","authors":"Fan Yang, Nanami Sawada, Atsushi Oshio","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12490","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12490","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Measures for meditative mindfulness have been developed and validated. However, relatively little attention is paid to a socio-cognitive definition of mindfulness, also known as Langerian mindfulness. Socio-cognitive mindfulness is an indispensable perspective for studying mindfulness within a social context. In this research, we conducted one pilot and two formal studies online, with a total of 831 Japanese participants, to develop and validate the Japanese version of the Langer Mindfulness Scale (LMS-J). In the pilot study, we confirm the dimensionality via exploratory factor analysis. In Study 1, confirmatory factor analysis and test–retest reliability based on a 4-week interval were performed. In Study 2, convergent and discriminant validity were tested by examining the relationships between Langerian and meditative mindfulness, Big Five personality traits, and life satisfaction. Overall, the results suggest that the factor structure of the LMS-J is similar to its original version, and the LMS-J is a reliable and valid measure. Therefore, the LMS-J can be used to measure Langerian mindfulness in the Japanese population, especially for research in individual development within a social context.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"68 2","pages":"298-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12490","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139248854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Attitude and Behavior of Japanese Managers Toward Male Employees Taking Long-Term Parental Leave1,2","authors":"Hiromi Ono","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12474","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12474","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Promoting male parental leave has become a concern for the Japanese government because of the large gender gap that exists in terms of availing parental leave. This study identified management attitudes and behaviors regarding long-term male parental leave. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 private-enterprise managers and supervisors whose male staff had taken at least 1 month of parental leave. The collected data were analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach, from which six groups, 19 categories, and 49 concepts were generated. It was found that (a) overcoming difficulties associated with long-term male parental leave resulted in diverse management behaviors; (b) managers often felt that male employees were being unreasonable by taking parental leave; and (c) managers realize the need for male parental leave systems once they observe changes in employees after returning to work.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"68 2","pages":"320-339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12474","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78826777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gender Differences in Help-Seeking: A Meta-analysis of Japanese Studies, Including Unreported Data1","authors":"Satoru Nagai, Masato Kimura, Masahiro Honda, Toshiharu Iida, Haruhisa Mizuno","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12467","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12467","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This meta-analysis integrated and analyzed previous Japanese findings on gender differences in help-seeking intentions and attitudes. We searched relevant studies using the Citation Information by the National Institute of Informatics database and identified 85 articles. We also analyzed unreported statistical information provided by the primary authors of these studies. The results indicated that women had a higher tendency of intentions to seek help than men (<i>d</i> = −0.143, 95% CI [−0.196, −0.091], <i>k</i> = 64, <i>n</i> = 29,256). Further analysis of the types of help-seeking showed that women intended to seek help only from friends and family members. In contrast, university students intended to seek help from psychological professionals, physicians, and other formal sources for depressive symptoms, and this intention was higher among male students. Moreover, women had more favorable attitudes about seeking help than men (<i>d</i> = −0.092, 95% CI [−0.156, −0.027], <i>k</i> = 30, <i>n</i> = 11,536). Furthermore, several analyses indicated heterogeneity. However, we could not identify specific potential moderators. We also found that gender differences were smaller in studies that assessed help-seeking intentions using unvalidated measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"68 2","pages":"212-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12467","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86682199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Who Takes the Clue? Relationships Between Internal and External Factors in Creative Problem Solving1","authors":"RYO ORITA, MASASI HATTORI","doi":"10.1111/jpr.12470","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpr.12470","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examined the relationship between implicit environmental clues in a creativity task and individual differences in state change and personality traits. In two experiments, participants completed a Remote Associates Test. Some solution words were implicitly primed as clues. In Experiment 1, the clue priming effect turned from negative to positive depending on task progress, which is related to arousal state. Clue priming can hinder people's generating ideas depending on arousal. In Experiment 2, considering participants' personality traits as a moderator, we further examined the relationship between sensitivity to environmental clues and arousal measured by heart rate. The results confirmed Experiment 1's outcomes and revealed that the relationship is moderated by extraversion. For extraverted participants, an implicit clue had a negative effect in a high-arousal state but a positive effect in a low-arousal state. The facilitative or obstructive influences of external factors can be determined by the interaction of internal factors (i.e., solvers' traits and states). Thus, extraverts and introverts differ in how they receive and utilize external information.</p>","PeriodicalId":46699,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Psychological Research","volume":"68 2","pages":"172-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpr.12470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80557324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}