Journal of Park and Recreation Administration最新文献

{"title":"A Behavioral Investigation of Preference for a Playground Sensory Maze","authors":"T. Stanton-Chapman, Carla A. Rhoades, Eric L. Schmidt","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2023-10575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2023-10575","url":null,"abstract":"Universal design (UD) is an approach that acknowledges the diversity of an individual’s needs and aims to design products and indoor/outdoor environments that are useable by the majority of the population (Center for UD, 1997). UD for learning is a framework that provides teachers with guidance on how to support to children with diverse needs in the general education classroom with the goal to promote inclusion of all children. For playgrounds, UD means building playgrounds that are usable by a wide range of individuals, regardless of age, gender, size, race/ethnicity, culture, or ability. The current study explored UD in playground design and builds. Specifically, the overall impact of a sensory maze on children’s preference levels as measured by adult and child surveys, and observations. Three sources of data collection were obtained on the sensory maze’s effectiveness: adult surveys (N = 431), adult open-ended surveys (N = 366), child surveys (N = 1,182), and observations of the children playing on the playground (N = 21,763 intervals of 10 minutes). Study results demonstrate that the sensory maze is a favorite for children with sensory disabilities (i.e., sensory processing disorder, blind, visual impairment). Study findings suggest that the sensory maze may be a valuable piece of playground equipment on a community playground, be an asset to all individuals, and allow adults to participate in the play with their children. Designing playgrounds with playground equipment that is proven effective through rigorous research should be seen as central in park administration. Park administrators, who build universally designed playgrounds in their communities, will provide a play space that meets the needs of all community residents and allows them to play, engage in the outdoors, and meet other individuals which can lead to fruitful and rewarding peer relationships.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43785151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electric Vehicle Infrastructure as a Driver of the Sustainability Agenda in the US National Park System","authors":"A. Templeton, A. Fyall, J. Fjelstul, A. Tasci","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2023-11650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2023-11650","url":null,"abstract":"Transportation systems within parks impact the ecological environment. Parks typically endure infrastructure and preservation related problems, including unmaintained roads, pollution, road congestion, closed trails, and noise pollution impacting wildlife. Sustainability has been a key priority for the federal government as various initiatives such as Clean Cities and Green Parks Plan have been launched to lower emissions and reduce petroleum usage nationwide. This study investigates the specific opportunity for national parks to utilize electric vehicles (EVs) to lower their emissions and environmental impacts and thereby achieve greener goals. It is critical to understand the challenges that national parks face in adopting EV infrastructure. Likewise, opportunities need to be explored for accelerating EV adoption. Scientific research on the views of different stakeholders of national parks is critical for the adoption of EV infrastructure for sustainable drive tourism within national parks. Therefore, this study investigated how national parks are employing EVs within their systems to uncover opportunities and associated challenges related to implementing EVs for drive tourism in U.S. national parks. This study focused on the supply-side orientation to identify facilitators and inhibitors in technical, legal, physical, social, economic, cultural, and environmental dimensions of sustainability. The study sought to identify how national parks are utilizing alternative transportations systems (ATS) or other sustainable practices, such as EVs, to identify the challenges national parks face regarding implementing EV infrastructure, and to identify opportunities to advance EV infrastructure in national parks. The study revealed opportunities for EVs to be effectively utilized within most park fleets. Adoption will be the consequence of both leadership and park acceptance in addition to the culture towards new technologies. Future monetary savings from fuel and maintenance may provide the basis for exploring and adopting electric vehicles. Challenges included geographic location and terrain along with the lack of sufficient funding to support the necessary infrastructure. Parking was also a concern. Park management is hesitant to install charging stations that may not see usage, leading to customer concerns by visitors traveling with EVs not having a place to charge and visitors with traditional vehicles consequently having one less space to park.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43641130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Destination Management Using Visitors’ Movements: Applying Mobile Positioning Data","authors":"Yunseon Choe, W. Lee, K. Sim","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2023-11511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2023-11511","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding visitors’ movements is crucial to achieving the goals of sustainable destination management while dealing with the environmental, social, and cultural impact of tourism. This study examines the movement patterns of visitors within Taeanhaean National Park (TNP) by adopting a destination measurement approach from a longitudinal perspective. The spatial distribution of the visitors’ activities and movement patterns was obtained by using mobile positioning data (MPD) and we applied the theoretical concept of tourism destinations, which considers geographical, temporal, and compositional dimensions. Given the destination attributes and conservation values, the MPD analysis proved suitable as an aid for park managers to allocate resources efficiently and define the characteristics of park and recreation facilities. This analysis has extended our knowledge of visitors’ patterns at a large marine national park by increasing consistency and high resolution of real-time spatio-temporal data for longer periods and better representing the study population. The study results will allow park managers to implement destination management planning focused on influencing spatial distributions of visitors’ movements in a specific environment.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46890759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of a Park-Based Active Transportation Intervention to Promote Youth Physical Activity and Access to Parks and Recreation","authors":"Nicky Chung, Truls Østbye, Jason Jones, Anne D. Smith, Hiwot Zewdie, Andrew Yuan, Advika Kumar, E. D'agostino","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2023-11830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2023-11830","url":null,"abstract":"This study conducted a needs assessment and feasibility testing of Going Places, a novel park-based active transportation intervention that aims to improve physical activity and access to parks and recreation. Participants (n=19) were recruited from park sites serving predominantly racial/ethnic minority and low income communities in North Carolina, United States. Surveys were administered to participants (n=17), accelerometer-based step data was collected (n=6), and one focus group was conducted (n=6). Feasibility was assessed based on retention, engagement with community partners, and program delivery. Surveys showed more than half of youth (mean age=15.9 years; 100% non-Hispanic Black) did not use active transportation, reported low levels of physical activity, and demonstrated barriers to active transportation including safety concerns, accessibility, and social factors. Seventeen lessons were delivered at two sites. This work has potential to promote youth active transportation in a parks and recreation setting to benefit youths’ physical activity patterns for lifelong health.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67737585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Triathlon Camp to Develop Youth Life Skills among Diverse Campers","authors":"Eddie Hall, Laura Hill, Duston D. Morris, Meg Duncan, J. Haegele, Katie Helms","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2022-11633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2022-11633","url":null,"abstract":"Innovative recreation services, such as non-traditional camps, can help provide diverse youth a chance to engage in physical activity, develop healthy relational skills, and meet others. Twenty-two participants took part in a new, 1-week triathlon camp held on a Mid-Atlantic University campus. Participants were recruited through local parks and recreation agencies and local youth running clubs. Scholarships were given to participants who expressed financial challenges through a USA Triathlon Youth Grant. The 1-week day camp took place on a college campus. The camp served the surrounding neighborhoods, which was accurately represented in the camper demographic (i.e., half the campers were youth of color). During the week, the campers swam, biked, ran, rock climbed, and participated in other multi-sport activities to help develop proper form and skills for triathlon. As guided by the USAT Splash, Spin, Sprint Camp manual, campers participated in daily swimming, cycling, running, and other related exercises. In addition, the camp included traditional camp activities such as indoor rock climbing, participation on a challenge course, and crafts. Eighty percent of the campers indicated they now want to do a triathlon, and 95% shared that they will tell their friends about the sport of triathlon. Using the practitioner-friendly American Camp Association’s Youth Outcomes Battery, campers indicated gains in competence, teamwork, and problem-solving confidence. The findings of this evaluation study provide evidence-based support for the potential of triathlon camp to enhance important developmental outcomes. The results from the evaluation support the desired outcomes for this type of camp, and with USA Triathlon support, other recreation services can use this model to replicate. A unique aspect of this program was its setting and participant composition. That is, this day camp, hosted in an urban area, had a diverse group of campers with youth from various ethnic and sport backgrounds. Over half (60%) of the campers were of color, providing evaluation data from often underrepresented groups of interest. This program evaluation provides a template for other camps on campus model to focus on diversity, equity and inclusion of our youth. Currently, there is only one African American female professional triathlon in the United States. We need to be more intentional offering unique programs (e.g., triathlon camps and nonprofits) to all youth. Grants can be pursued by camps, municipal parks and recreation, nonprofits to remove some of the financial barriers preventing many youth of color from exploring the sport of triathlon.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45323942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exclusionary Effects of Campsite Allocation through Reservations in U.S. National Parks: Evidence from Mobile Device Location Data.","authors":"William L Rice,&nbsp;Jaclyn R Rushing,&nbsp;Jennifer M Thomsen,&nbsp;Peter Whitney","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2022-11392","DOIUrl":"10.18666/jpra-2022-11392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Campsites represent highly sought after recreational amenities in the national parks of the United States. Equitable allocation of scarce recreational resources has long been a key management issue in U.S. national parks, but has become increasingly difficult in an era of increasing demand. At present, a growing number of national park campsites are allocated through an online reservation system well in advance of a camper's arrival at a park. Compounding the challenge of allocating these campsites is a long history of exclusivity within national park camping-institutionalized through campground design and predicated on a legacy of the leisure class's affinity for camping in national parks. Given national park camping's history of exclusivity, this exploratory study seeks to explore how online reservation systems may impact the demographics of national park campers. Using mobile device location data, estimated demographics were calculated for campers in five national park campgrounds in the U.S. that each contained some sites requiring reservations and some sites available on a first-come, first-served basis. We detail results from analyses of variance between campsites requiring reservations and those that are available on a first-come, first-served basis. Results suggest that for each of the five campgrounds, those campers camping in sites that require reservations came from areas with higher median household incomes, on average. In three of the five campgrounds, this difference was significant. Additionally, in an urban-proximate setting, those camping in sites requiring reservations came from areas with a higher portion of White residency than those campers in campsites not requiring reservations, on average. We conclude with discussion that includes management implications concerning the growing prominence of online reservation systems for outdoor recreation amenities, and a brief research agenda for diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) as they relate to campgrounds. Principally, the former group of implications includes the realization that online reservation systems present the unintended consequence of excluding low-income, and perhaps non-White, would-be campers-a conclusion drawn from the results of this exploratory study. This discussion includes an analysis of the distributive justice of online reservation systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"40 4","pages":"45-65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10488315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10239589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Changes in Youth Physical Activity Behaviors and Attitudes: The Influence of Summer Camp","authors":"Jennifer P. Agans, Caitlin Garbo, Giulia Panter","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2022-11513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2022-11513","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in patterns of physical activity are common across adolescence and are often associated with psychological factors such as feelings of athletic competence (Agans et al., 2017; Dawes et al., 2014). However, although physical activity preferences and beliefs about competence and abilities are important contributors to participation (Sallis et al., 2000), these factors are rarely studied over shorter time scales or in the context of specific recreational environments. We therefore assessed the extent to which summer camp experiences may contribute to changes in youth physical activity behavior and attitudes, and examined factors associated with these changes. Data were collected from 309 youth (85% white, 44% female, average age of 11.6) attending three different summer camps in the northeastern United States. Camper survey data were analyzed using multilevel regression models to account for potential camp-level differences in physical activity experiences. Our findings suggest that youth experiences with physical activity at camp are not isolated from prior physical activity behaviors and attitudes, but that even one-week camp sessions can lead to changes for some youth. Specifically, overall physical activity levels increased from pre-camp to the end of camp, but camper demographics and pre-camp physical activity behaviors and beliefs were associated with participants’ self-reported activity levels, self-perceived athletic competence, and eagerness for physical activity at the end of a week of camp. We also found that many campers reported decreases in their enjoyment of physical activities with which they had prior experience, and this was especially true for teens with the lowest levels of physical activity at camp. Finally, we found that youth who tried more new types of physical activity at camp reported decreased self-perceived competence but were more likely to have higher levels of physical activity while at camp. These results suggest that summer camps can enable youth to increase their physical activity levels and change their physical activity-related beliefs, but that recreational camp programs do not affect all youth similarly. Camp staff should therefore be attentive to campers’ prior experiences, and seek to tailor their programs to better support the physical activity behaviors and attitudes of all campers.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46389525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing Intended Bicycling Behavior","authors":"V. Gravenstine, D. Kuehn, A. Dayer","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2022-11053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2022-11053","url":null,"abstract":"Bicycling for transportation and recreation has many benefits including human health, greenhouse gas reduction, and community building. Understanding the factors that influence intentions to bicycle can help community planners improve access to bicycle routes and facilities for residents. This study examines the facilitators, constraints, motivations, demographic and experiential characteristics, and intentions to ride a bicycle of the residents of the Town of DeWitt in Central New York State. Data were collected using a mail and internet survey during the summer of 2015. Survey questions focused on constraints/facilitators, motivations, intentions, demographics, recent participation in bicycling during the summer of 2015, and lifetime involvement in bicycling (i.e., number of years). Of the 1,253 questionnaires distributed, a qualified sample of 1,206 households was obtained; 56 questionnaires were completed online and 417 were returned by mail, resulting in a 39% response rate. Descriptive statistics and path analysis were used to identify determinants of bicycling intentions. Lack of adequate infrastructure was identified as a significant constraint on bicycling intentions, while support for infrastructure enhancements, enjoyment from riding, riding to spend time with friends and family, and number of children in the respondent’s household all directly and significantly influenced intentions to bike ride. Other factors (i.e., infrastructure connections in the community, spending time outdoors, support from others for biking, gender, free time, age, and income) indirectly influenced intentions. The results indicate that respondents would likely be in support of infrastructure improvements in the future, especially if these improvements create safer riding locations for both adults and children. In addition, the analysis made it possible to discern previously unrecognized factors influencing bicycling intentions, such as gender-based differences in level of support for biking infrastructure enhancements, the number of children in the household, and the importance of biking as a social experience. Incorporating off-road bike paths and gathering places for bicyclists into future planning efforts would likely be supported by residents seeking safe riding experiences for themselves and their children.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49009020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding overlapping segments for State Park visitors","authors":"Emilie Cycz, M. Silva, V. Magnini, M. Uysal","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2022-11395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2022-11395","url":null,"abstract":"Market segmentation remains one of the most important approaches used in tourism to provide crucial information regarding visitors’ profiles. Considering the importance of State and National parks to the tourism industry, there is an increasing interest in examining the motivations of park visitors. Drawing on the push-and-pull theoretical framework, this study employs a canonical correlation analysis and an overlapping segmentation approach to generate market segments of visitors to a State Park system in the United States. A total of 2822 past and current visitors were surveyed and consequently assigned to three overlapping market segments based on the results of canonical correlation analysis. The segments were labeled as “Connecting with Nature”, “Active Recreation”, and “Family Bonding”. Specifically, the “Family Bonding” market segment was found to have the most overlap with the other two groups. On the other hand, the segment of “Active Recreation” had the least overlap, suggesting that the members of this segment are uniquely defined and display a high degree of homogeneity. Additionally, 75 visitors were found to overlap across all three segments. Such findings suggest that this group of respondents score positively on all motivation items and share the same preferences of State Park systems’ attributes. Thus, park managers should refrain from assigning tourists to fit just one segment and target the potential visitors considering the substantial overlapping between groups. The study findings have important practical implications for State Park system managers and provide critical insights to inform future marketing strategies and to improve parks’ offerings.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44546386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous nonuse values for Arches and Zion National Parks","authors":"R. Turner","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2022-11319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2022-11319","url":null,"abstract":"This paper identifies several kinds of heterogeneity in nonuse values using a contingent choice experiment about two national parks in Utah. Such heterogeneity has potentially important implications for national park management. When management resources are scarce, it matters that nonuse values differ across park resources or attributes. Resources that generate more nonuse values deserve more protection, including the impacts of visitor activities. Heterogeneity by location implies that management decisions appropriate for one park can’t be adopted in other parks without careful consideration. Heterogeneity of nonuse values matters for management if there are political, equity, or justice reasons to pay more attention to particular groups in society. Heterogeneity by type of nonuse value matters for management, too: existence values have different implications than bequest values since the latter still are generated by (future) visitation. The contingent choice experiment used in this paper asks respondents to compare different potential future scenarios for management of either Zion or Arches National Park. Each scenario is made up of potential changes to seven attributes: wilderness protection, educational outreach, animal conservation, plant conservation, visitation levels, cultural/historical protection, and an annual tax payment. Respondents’ rankings are used to estimate a variety of mixed logit models. In addition, respondents are asked to report what percentage of the total value they receive from each attribute is due to use values, option values, bequest values, and existence values. While some previous researchers used similar questions to decompose nonuse values, this paper uses the decomposition questions differently. First, they are asked separately about each attribute in the experimental design of a contingent choice survey, as opposed to being asked once about total value or total nonuse value. Second, they are used as part of a mixed logit estimation of the relative part-worths of each attribute, rather than being used to decompose the final valuation estimates. Results indicate substantial heterogeneity by park attribute, location, individual, and type of nonuse value. These differences across attributes are largely independent of demographic and socioeconomic variables, though. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the empirical findings for park management.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42221794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}