Journal of Park and Recreation Administration最新文献

{"title":"Exploring Nature Dose Attainment across Racial Groups in Urban Parks and Trails","authors":"Trey Feuerhelm, Ingrid E. Schneider","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2023-11940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2023-11940","url":null,"abstract":"Nature exposure affords significant mental and physical health benefits, particularly with a weekly, 120-minute nature-dose threshold (White et al., 2019). As nature exposure is unequal with Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) facing greater constraints, nature dosage is likely unequal, rendering fewer benefits. A secondary analysis of urban park and trail visitor data (n = 3,209) explored nature dosage across racial groups (Asian, Black, White, and all BIPOC participants combined). Attaining the 120-minute nature dose threshold was significantly lower for those who identified as BIPOC compared to those who identified as White at trails. Notably, nature dose attainment was rather low among all respondents, regardless of race, with a maximum dose attainment of 25%. Planning efforts can address ways to increase dosage, and future studies can seek primary data and analyses to contextualize how intersectionality and distance impact nature dosage attainment.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139443901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Complexity and Stakeholder and Rightsholder Trust in Outdoor Recreation Management on the Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail","authors":"Jaclyn F. Rushing, Jennifer M. Thomsen","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2023-11929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2023-11929","url":null,"abstract":"The Pacific Northwest National Scenic Trail (PNT) traverses 1,200 miles from the Continental Divide to the Pacific Ocean. The portion of the trail in Northwest Montana and the Idaho Panhandle is at the nexus of a complex conflict situation involving outdoor recreation, wildlife conservation, and social-cultural values. This evolving conflict has gained national attention due to the diverse stakeholder interests and litigation against the US Forest Service, who administers the trail. The tension among the stakeholder groups and the various ecological and social-cultural dimensions at play illuminate the complexity of managing long-distance trails. Administrators of long-distance trails must evaluate and mitigate social, ecological, and cultural risks. This research note explores complexity and trust ecology among key PNT stakeholders, and discusses opportunities for incorporating trust research in transboundary recreation planning and research.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To Play or Not to Play Youth Tackle Football: Health- and League-Related Factors in Parents’ Decision Making","authors":"Courtney M. Meyer, Jim M. Mensch, Ashley M. DeSousa, Eva V. Monsma, Susan W. Yeargin","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2023-12056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2023-12056","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined parental decision-making factors regarding their child’s participation in tackle (TF) versus non-tackle (NTF) youth football leagues (YFLs, n = 91). The study also aimed to determine if these variables differed between parents who allowed their child to participate in TF and those who only allowed their child to participate in NTF. This study was of cross-sectional survey design and included items on parent demographics, child demographics, and factors influencing parent decision-making, divided into two groups: health- and league-related factors. The survey was piloted, housed, and created in a web-based platform. YFL parents rated decision-making factors on a 6-point scale. Descriptive statistics were run for all demographic variables, and non-parametric test were utilized to compare responses between groups. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare TF versus NTF, parent sex, parent concussion history, and child’s concussion history. The Kruskal-Wallis test was employed to compare parent sport history. Female parents (n = 61) rated injury risk and concussion risk higher than male parents (n = 30). Parents who did not play a sport (n = 14) rated CTE higher than parents who played football (n = 13), another sport (n = 46), or football plus another sport (n = 18). The NTF parents (n = 10) rated injury risk, concussion risk, and CTE risk higher than TF (n = 81), while TF parents rated coach’s level of training, league success, and league safety higher than NTF. This study provides insights into parents’ decision-making processes and may help YFL programs tailor their approach to address these concerns and provide a safer environment for children participating in YFL.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"26 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136263661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflecting on the Parks and Recreation Implications of Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities (CHRO) v. Edge Fitness, LLC et al.","authors":"Erik Smith","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2023-12086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2023-12086","url":null,"abstract":"In Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities (CHRO) v. Edge Fitness, LLC, et al., two male patrons located in Connecticut filed complaints arguing that their gyms’ “women only” workout areas were a discriminatory practice. The gyms argued a gender privacy exception was present in the law, but the Connecticut Supreme Court ultimately disagreed. While the legal implications have been examined (Leudman, 2021), the parks and recreation managerial implications have not been discussed. Women’s only spaces are built into many modern fitness facility models and seeing them challenged may open the door to confusion and frustration from patrons. The purpose of this commentary is to reflect on the significance of CHRO v. Edge Fitness, LLC, et al. to parks and recreation spaces and the perspective parks and recreation practitioners can take into the future to reduce cases such as CHRO v. Edge Fitness, LLC, et al.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135251974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Causes of Swim Instructor Turnover in the Aquatics Industry","authors":"Michael Butson, Eric Du, Ruth Jeanes, John Tower","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2023-11730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2023-11730","url":null,"abstract":"Employees are said to be the backbone of any organization. The aquatic industry is one of the largest employers in the sport and recreation sector and is rapidly growing, with career opportunities available to a diverse workforce for individuals of all ages and backgrounds (Sherry et al., 2021). The aquatics industry is experiencing increased voluntary and dysfunctional swim instructor turnover. Employee turnover is the rate at which individuals leave an organization, and high employee turnover can be disruptive and costly for management, employees, and customers. High swim instructor turnover undermines the effectiveness of swim instruction and exacerbates the risk of swimming-related injuries and drowning. Therefore, a critical first step is to better understand the reasons for turnover to address concerns with recruitment and swim instructor retention. High employee turnover should not be excused as an inherent characteristic of the aquatics industry, but rather the result of individual and systemic factors. As swim instructor turnover is an under-researched issue, we adopted an exploratory approach to this research. We utilized a qualitative research approach, collecting data through a series of semi-structured interviews, to explore the reasons for swim instructor turnover with nineteen (58% male, 42% female) former swim instructors. Most respondents reported a combination of reasons that ultimately led to separation from their position. A deductive analysis of the interview data revealed the reasons for turnover among former swim instructors: swim instructing as a temporary role, limited career progression, failing to understand and underestimating the swim instructor working environment, and a negative view of management. This research extends human resource management literature across the aquatics industry by identifying reasons for turnover from the perspective of former swim instructors. When swim instructors depart, it can disrupt existing relationships and workflows, and makes it so that fewer individuals get the benefits associated with learning to swim. These results suggest managers would benefit from implementing appropriate retention strategies to retain swim instructors, realistic job preview, swim instructor training and personal development, and exit interviews.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136059458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Too Many Bots: A Lesson for Online Quantitative Data Collection","authors":"Keri A. Schwab, Ben Sherman, Marni Goldenberg","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2023-12011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2023-12011","url":null,"abstract":"“Bots,” computer software capable of taking surveys for an operator, pose a serious threat to the integrity of research that relies on publicly available online surveys. This paper addresses the issue of bot responses to online surveys and suggests several strategies for reducing and addressing these fraudulent responses. To combat this threat, researchers should employ specific methods for building, distributing, and processing surveys that deter and eliminate bot responses from the dataset. Methods for anti-bot survey design include building bot detection software into the survey, creating trap questions, and writing questions that require specific free-form answers. Survey distribution methods that avoid or hide monetary incentives, use a password-protected link, or employ some other form of population targeting will also receive fewer bot responses. Finally, data should be screened for bots after collection using a set of reliable criteria to identify and remove bot responses.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recreation on the Battlefield: Planning for Shifting Visitor Use at Monocacy National Battlefield","authors":"C. Zajchowski, Caleb J. Scruggs, Jessica P. Fefer, Cait Henry, Colin McCormack, Chandler J. Berry","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2023-11918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2023-11918","url":null,"abstract":"Outdoor recreation is increasing worldwide, driving recreationists to seek new sites for active leisure pursuits. Recreational use at sites of cultural significance (i.e., historic battlefields) may conflict with their primary legislated purpose, diverting financial and human resources. We documented this process at Monocacy National Battlefield, a U.S. National Park Service site in an urbanizing region of the State of Maryland. A novel mixed-methods approach included a 1) scoping review of relevant peer-reviewed literature; 2) an anonymized, spatiotemporal analysis of visitor trips and place of residence; and 3) cross-sectional, on-site visitor survey of local and destination visitors using an Importance-Performance Analysis. Results illustrate a significant segment of local visitors and recent growth in trips to sites other than the battlefield visitor center. Local visitors were also significantly more likely to identify higher importance to recreation-related facilities, services, and park attributes. While population growth slowed in the recent decade within Frederick County, future increases may yield potential for conflict between recreational and historic uses. Triangulating spatiotemporal and survey-based methods can assist managers in understanding recreation demand in similar units experiencing scope creep to inform iterative outreach, monitoring, planning, and adaptive management to respond to changing demography.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46518639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of a Healthy Snack and Beverage Handout and Interactive Education on the Youth Sport Snacking Environment","authors":"Rosalyn M. Brown, Alexa Schaufler, D. C. Castellanos, Corinne M. Daprano","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2023-11898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2023-11898","url":null,"abstract":"Childhood obesity remains a pertinent problem in the United States, with dietary intake being one modifiable risk factor (Center of Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2022a). Thus, developing healthy dietary habits in children and adolescents is important in reducing the risk of obesity. An opportunity for this occurs in youth sport snacking behaviors. Research has indicated that snacks provided after youth sport games are often energy dense and high in sugar, sodium, and fat (Bennion et al., 2020; Irby et al., 2014; Rafferty et al., 2018). The purpose of the present study was to first observe the influences on snack choice in youth sport. Secondly, the effects of a multifactorial educational intervention guided by the social cognitive theory (SCT) on snack choice was examined. The intervention consisted of a handout, a Healthy Snack and Beverage page in the parks and recreation district guidebook, an educational booth during the first game, and an education session during the coaches’ meeting. Participants included 121 parents who had children participating in the youth soccer or volleyball league administered by a local parks and recreation district. A questionnaire was developed to determine parental perception of what is a healthy snack, after game snacking practices and influences on snack choice. The questionnaire was administered online to participants during league registration and during the last week of the season. Paired sample t-tests were performed to examine the differences in snacks purchased from pre- to post-intervention. Further, a multiple analysis was used to predict snack choice based on six identified influencing factors. There were 121 parents and coaches who responded to the pre-intervention questionnaire and 32 of those participants responded to the post-intervention questionnaire. There was a significant decrease in unhealthy snacks brought by parents (p=<0.05). The “health of the snack” (p<0.01) and “social media/advertising” (p=0.02) were independent predictors of snack choice (p<0.05). In conclusion, addressing the unhealthy snacking environment in youth sport through targeted educational interventions, could promote a healthier snacking environment.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48795832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between Risk Assessments of COVID-19, Golf Club’s Risk Management, and Golf Participation","authors":"J. L. Lee, S. Cho, D. Kwak, J. Won","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2023-11968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2023-11968","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on leisure and sport consumption. While many sports and recreational activities, including sports, were suspended to contain the spread of the virus, golf presented an opportunity for individuals to engage in outdoor activity where social distancing was possible. We investigated the importance of risk perception and safety management practices in relation to repeated leisure activity participation among recreational golfers via online survey (N = 268). The results indicated that recreational golfers’ perceived risk of leisure activity participation and perceived managerial safety climate had a significant effect, while cognitive and affective COVID-19 risk perceptions did not have a significant influence on recreational golfer’ revisit intention. The findings provide empirical evidence on how recreational golfer perceived the domain-specific risks associated with COVID-19 and managerial safety climate influence their sports and recreational activity consumption decision making.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45433338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retaining Camp's Most Valuable Resource: A Study on the Fulfillment of Counselor Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness and their Impact on Willingness to Return","authors":"Myles L. Lynch, Nate E. Trauntvein, R. Barcelona, C. Moorhead","doi":"10.18666/jpra-2023-11849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2023-11849","url":null,"abstract":"Within the United States, recruiting, hiring, and retaining seasonal staff continues to be a major concern for the summer camp industry. In fact, retention of qualified seasonal staff was the number two (of seven) top emerging issues among American Camp Association professionals. Low staff retention rates are problematic because training is expensive, re-hiring consumes resources, and too much turnover creates instability. Camp administrators need solutions and tools to better understand, and support components of counselor needs, which in turn could improve staff retention. The current study utilized Basic Needs Theory (BNT), a sub theory of Self Determination Theory (SDT), to explore how the degree of need fulfillment and counselor experiences impact a staff member's willingness to return to work the following summer. Data were collected at a large rural coed residential summer camp and a total of 114 staff (mean age = 20.5, SD = 2.07) participated. The Work Basic Needs Satisfaction Scale (W-BNS) was administered to understand the fulfillment of autonomy, competence, and relatedness among camp counselors throughout the summer. A quasi-experimental design was used and baseline responses (pretest) for W-BNS items, dosage (weeks worked), camper years, counselor years, and willingness to return to work at camp were compared to posttest responses using independent sample t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Multiple regression analysis was used to develop the process and final model to understand the predictors for the dependent variable of staff willingness to return the following summer. Results indicated that dosage was not a significant predictor of willingness to return the following year. In addition, the number of years working at camp was negatively related to staff retention (β = -.402) and camper years positively predicted retention (β = .282). Relatedness (not autonomy or competence) was the most salient basic need predictor of staff retention (β = .288). Camp experience predictors of dosage, camper years, and staff years did not relate to measures of W-BNS but were the only predictors directly related to willingness to return. Results indicated that camp experience and W-BNS items were separate and distinct predictors of a staff member’s choice to return to work. This study expands upon a model for understanding need fulfillment and motivation amongst emerging adults within a summer camp work setting. Camp managerial and programmatic implications related to need fulfillment, training, and culture are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Park and Recreation Administration","volume":" 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41255037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}