Lancet Microbe最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of group B Streptococcus colonisation in mother–newborn dyads in low-income and middle-income south Asian and African countries: a prospective, observational study","authors":"Gaurav Kwatra PhD , Alane Izu PhD , Clare Cutland PhD , Godwin Akaba MPH , Musa Mohammed Ali PhD , Zabed Ahmed MSc , Prof Manisha Madhai Beck MD , Hellen Cherono Barsosio MBBS , Prof James A Berkley MD , Tolossa E Chaka MD , Anélsio Cossa MSc , Sowmitra Chakraborty MSc , Nisha Dhar PhD , Phurb Dorji MD , Maksuda Islam PhD , Adama Mamby Keita MD , Stella Mwakio MD , Salim Mwarumba MSc , Nubwa Medugu MD , Helio Mucavele MD , Prof Shabir A Madhi PhD","doi":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00129-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00129-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Rectovaginal group B <em>Streptococcus</em> (GBS) colonisation in pregnant individuals at the time of labour is a major risk factor for invasive GBS disease by age 7 days (early-onset disease). We aimed to investigate the prevalence of rectovaginal GBS colonisation at the time of labour among pregnant women and vertical transmission to their newborns across selected low-income and middle-income African and south Asian countries.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective, observational study was undertaken at 11 maternity and obstetric care facilities based in Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Mali, South Africa, Bangladesh, India, and Bhutan. HIV-negative pregnant women aged 18–45 years who were in the early stages of labour and at least 37 weeks’ gestation were eligible for inclusion. Lower vaginal and rectal swabs and urine were collected from the women, and swabs of the umbilicus, outer ear, axillary fold, rectum, and throat were obtained from their newborns, for GBS culture. Standardised sampling and culture using direct plating and selective media broth for detection of GBS colonisation was undertaken at the sites. Serotyping of GBS isolates was done in South Africa. The primary outcome was the prevalence of rectovaginal GBS among pregnant women, analysed in participants with available data. This study is registered with the South African National Clinical Trials Register, number DOH-27–0418–4989.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>6922 pregnant women were enrolled from Jan 10, 2016, to Dec 11, 2018, of whom 6514 (94·1%; 759–892 per country) were included in the analysis; data from Bhutan were not included in the study due to issues with specimen collection and processing. Overall, the prevalence of maternal GBS colonisation was 24·1% (95% CI 23·1–25·2; 1572 of 6514); it was highest in Mali (41·1% [37·7–44·6]; 314 of 764) and lowest in Ethiopia (11·6% [9·5–14·1]; 88 of 759). The overall rate of vertical transmission of GBS from women with rectovaginal GBS colonisation was 72·3% (70·0–74·4; 1132 of 1566); it was highest in Mozambique (79·2% [73·3–84·2]; 168 of 212) and lowest in Bangladesh (55·8%, 47·5–63·8; 77 of 138). The five most common GBS colonising serotypes were Ia (37·3% [34·9–39·7]; 586 of 1572), V (28·5% [26·3–30·8]; 448 of 1572), III (25·1% [23·0–27·3]; 394 of 1572), II (9·2% [7·8–10·7]; 144 of 1572), and Ib (6·5% [5·4–7·8]; 102 of 1572). There was geographical variability in serotype proportion distribution; serotype VII was the third most common serotype in India (8·6% [5·3–13·7]; 15 of 174) and serotype VI was mainly identified in Bangladesh (5·8% [3·0–11·0]; eight of 138) and India (5·7% [3·2–10·3]; ten of 174).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Our study reported a high prevalence of GBS colonisation in most settings, with some geographical variability even within African countries. Our findings suggest that serotypes not included in current multivalent capsular-polysa","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"5 10","pages":"Article 100897"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing the risk of global spread of Neisseria meningitidis: strategies for the forthcoming 2024 Hajj following cases in the UK, France, and the USA","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00148-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00148-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"5 10","pages":"Article 100910"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141440967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal meningoencephalitis associated with Ebola virus persistence in two survivors of Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a case report study","authors":"Daniel Mukadi-Bamuleka PhD , François Edidi-Atani MD , Maria E Morales-Betoulle PhD , Anaïs Legand MPH , Antoine Nkuba-Ndaye PhD , Junior Bulabula-Penge MD , Placide Mbala-Kingebeni PhD , Ian Crozier MD , Fabrice Mambu-Mbika MD , Shannon Whitmer PhD , Olivier Tshiani Mbaya MD , Lisa E Hensley PhD , Richard Kitenge-Omasumbu MD , Richard Davey MD , Sabue Mulangu PhD , Peter N Fonjungo PhD , Michael R Wiley PhD , John D Klena PhD , Martine Peeters PhD , Eric Delaporte PhD , Hugo Kavunga-Membo","doi":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00137-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00137-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>During the 2018–20 Ebola virus disease outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, thousands of patients received unprecedented vaccination, monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy, or both, leading to a large number of survivors. We aimed to report the clinical, virological, viral genomic, and immunological features of two previously vaccinated and mAb-treated survivors of Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo who developed second episodes of disease months after initial discharge, ultimately complicated by fatal meningoencephalitis associated with viral persistence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this case report study, we describe the presentation, management, and subsequent investigations of two patients who developed recrudescent Ebola virus disease and subsequent fatal meningoencephalitis. We obtained data from epidemiological databases, Ebola treatment units, survivor programme databases, laboratory datasets, and hospital records. Following national protocols established during the 2018–20 outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, blood, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected during the first and second episodes of Ebola virus disease from both individuals and were analysed by molecular (quantitative RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing) and serological (IgG and IgM ELISA and Luminex assays) techniques.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The total time between the end of the first Ebola virus episode and the onset of the second episode was 342 days for patient 1 and 137 days for patient 2. In both patients, Ebola virus RNA was detected in blood and CSF samples during the second episode of disease. Complete genomes from CSF samples from this relapse episode showed phylogenetic relatedness to the genome sequenced from blood samples collected from the initial infection, confirming in-host persistence of Ebola virus. Serological analysis showed an antigen-specific humoral response with typical IgM and IgG kinetics in patient 1, but an absence of an endogenous adaptive immune response in patient 2.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>We report the first two cases of fatal meningoencephalitis associated with Ebola virus persistence in two survivors of Ebola virus disease who had received vaccination and mAb-based treatment in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Our findings highlight the importance of long-term monitoring of survivors, including continued clinical, virological, and immunological profiling, as well as the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies to prevent and mitigate the individual and public health consequences of Ebola virus persistence.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>Ministry of Health of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Infectious Disease Rapid Response Reserve Fund, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US National Cancer Institute (National Institutes o","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"5 10","pages":"Article 100905"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change and Trypanosoma cruzi transmission in North and central America","authors":"Colin Forsyth PhD ,&nbsp;Nelson Ivan Agudelo Higuita MD ,&nbsp;Sarah A Hamer PhD DVM ,&nbsp;Carlos N Ibarra-Cerdeña PhD ,&nbsp;Alba Valdez-Tah PhD ,&nbsp;Paula Stigler Granados PhD ,&nbsp;Gabriel L Hamer PhD ,&nbsp;Michael Vingiello MPH ,&nbsp;Norman L Beatty MD","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Trypanosoma cruzi</em> is a protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease in humans. Transmission of <em>T cruzi</em> by triatomine vectors is dependent on diverse environmental and socioeconomic factors. Climate change, which is disrupting patterns of human habitation and land use, can affect the epidemiology of Chagas disease by influencing the distribution of vector and host species. We conducted a review using triatomine distribution as a proxy for <em>T cruzi</em> transmission in North America (Canada, Mexico, and the USA) and central America (Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama) and investigated the association of <em>T cruzi</em> transmission with climate change, identifying 12 relevant studies. Most studies (n=9) modelled the effect of the scenario of climate change on the distribution of relevant vector species and found that global warming could sometimes favour and sometimes hinder triatomine distribution. There is a need for more research in parasite biology and social sciences to further understand how climate change and socioeconomic factors can affect the epidemiology of this neglected tropical disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"5 10","pages":"Article 100946"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and clinical relevance of viraemia in viral respiratory tract infections: a systematic review.","authors":"Karl Hagman, Tamara Postigo, David Diez-Castro, Johan Ursing, Jesús F Bermejo-Martin, Amanda de la Fuente, Ana P Tedim","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this Review, we analysed the prevalence of viraemia during infection with SARS-CoV-2 and other relevant respiratory viruses, including other human coronaviruses such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, human rhinovirus/enterovirus, influenza A and B virus, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus. First, a preliminary systematic search was conducted to identify articles published before May 23, 2024 that reported on viraemia during infection with respiratory viruses. The articles were then analysed for relevant terms to identify the prevalence of viraemia, its association with the disease severity and long-term consequences, and host responses. A total of 202 articles were included in the final study. The pooled prevalence of viraemia was 34% for SARS-CoV-2 and between 6% and 65% for other viruses. Association of viraemia with disease severity was extensively reported for SARS-CoV-2 and also for SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (albeit with low evidence). SARS-CoV-2 viraemia was linked to memory problems and worsened quality of life. Viraemia was associated with signatures denoting dysregulated host responses. In conclusion, the high prevalence of viraemia and its association with disease severity suggests that viraemia could be a relevant pathophysiological event with important translational implications in respiratory viral infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"100967"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surge in Oropouche fever: the tip of the iceberg in a new public health challenge in Brazil.","authors":"Joziana Muniz de Paiva Barçante, José Cherem","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100994","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"100994"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global age-stratified seroprevalence of enterovirus D68: a systematic literature review.","authors":"David Jorgensen, Nicholas C Grassly, Margarita Pons-Salort","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), first isolated in 1962, emerged in 2014, causing outbreaks of severe respiratory infections and acute flaccid myelitis. In this systematic review, we have compiled all available literature on age-stratified seroprevalence estimates of EV-D68. Ten studies from six countries were retained, all conducted using microneutralisation assays, despite wide variations in protocols and challenge viruses. The age profiles of seroprevalence were similar across time and regions; seroprevalence increased quickly with age, reaching roughly 100% by the age of 20 years and with no sign of decline throughout adulthood. This suggests continuous or frequent exposure of the populations to the virus, or possible cross-reactivity with other viruses. Studies with two or more cross-sectional surveys reported consistently higher seroprevalence at later timepoints, suggesting a global increase in transmission over time. This systematic review concludes that standardising serological protocols, understanding the contribution of cross-reactivity with other pathogens to the high reported seroprevalence, and quantifying individual exposure to EV-D68 over time are the main research priorities for the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"100938"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional antibody responses associated with effectiveness of RTS,S malaria vaccine in children: new insights and implications.","authors":"Rajesh Kanna Gopal, Pitchaipillai Sankar Ganesh, Naji Naseef Pathoor","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101001"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and drug resistance among Candida pathogens in Africa: Candida auris could now be leading the pack.","authors":"Chibuike Ibe, Carolina Henritta Pohl","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100996","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"100996"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data for action: the crucial role of hospitals in controlling Clostridioides difficile infection in England.","authors":"Akaninyene Otu, Dimple Chudasama, Russell Hope, Dakshika Jeyaratnam","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100991","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"100991"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}