Lancet MicrobePub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101081
Livia Barenghi, Matteo Pellegrini, Alberto Barenghi
{"title":"WHO global research priorities for antimicrobial resistance in human health.","authors":"Livia Barenghi, Matteo Pellegrini, Alberto Barenghi","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101081"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lancet MicrobePub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101084
Joel Sop, Tyler P Beckey, Joyce L Jones, Bhakti Hansoti, Kelly A Gebo, Joel N Blankson
{"title":"Sustained orthopoxvirus-specific T-cell responses in individuals who have recovered from mpox.","authors":"Joel Sop, Tyler P Beckey, Joyce L Jones, Bhakti Hansoti, Kelly A Gebo, Joel N Blankson","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101084","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101084"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143371262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lancet MicrobePub Date : 2025-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101067
João Pedro Rueda Furlan, Sergio Schenkman, Fábio Parra Sellera, Shuangshuang Li, Yilu Zhuang, Zhi Ruan
{"title":"Ex-situ trans-Gram transfer of clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes from a genomic perspective: natural or contamination-related events?","authors":"João Pedro Rueda Furlan, Sergio Schenkman, Fábio Parra Sellera, Shuangshuang Li, Yilu Zhuang, Zhi Ruan","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101067","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101067"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lancet MicrobePub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.07.005
Prof Moustapha Mbow PhD , Dennis Hoving PhD , Marouba Cisse PharmD , Ibrahima Diallo PharmD , Yabo J Honkpehedji MD , Wesley Huisman PhD , Cilia R Pothast MSc , Marlieke L M Jongsma PhD , Marion H König BSc , Alicia C de Kroon BSc , Le Thi Kieu Linh , Shohreh Azimi PhD , Tamar Tak PhD , Yvonne C M Kruize BSc , Farid Kurniawan MD , Yacine Amet Dia PharmD , Jaimie L H Zhang MD , Corine Prins BSc , Anna H E Roukens MD , Jutte J C de Vries MD , Frits R. Rosendaal
{"title":"Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in sub-Saharan Africa and western Europe: a retrospective, population-based, cross-sectional study","authors":"Prof Moustapha Mbow PhD , Dennis Hoving PhD , Marouba Cisse PharmD , Ibrahima Diallo PharmD , Yabo J Honkpehedji MD , Wesley Huisman PhD , Cilia R Pothast MSc , Marlieke L M Jongsma PhD , Marion H König BSc , Alicia C de Kroon BSc , Le Thi Kieu Linh , Shohreh Azimi PhD , Tamar Tak PhD , Yvonne C M Kruize BSc , Farid Kurniawan MD , Yacine Amet Dia PharmD , Jaimie L H Zhang MD , Corine Prins BSc , Anna H E Roukens MD , Jutte J C de Vries MD , Frits R. Rosendaal","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with a higher proportion of asymptomatic infections and lower mortality in sub-Saharan Africa than high-income countries. However, there is currently a lack of data on cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in people living in Africa compared with people in high-income regions of the world. We aimed to assess geographical variation in peripheral and mucosal immune responses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this retrospective, population-based, cross-sectional study, we analysed peripheral blood and nasal curettage samples from seven clinical studies involving individuals from Senegal (Senegalese cohort), the Netherlands, and Germany (European cohort). Samples were collected between Nov 1, 2018, and Dec 20, 2021. We included samples from individuals with no, mild, or severe COVID-19. A validation cohort of individuals from Senegal and Gabon (n=64) was used to validate key findings from the main cohort. Matching of individuals between geographical regions by age, sex, viral load, and infection severity and duration was used to address confounding factors. We examined the cellular, humoral, and cytokine immune responses using cytometry by time of flight, spectral flow cytometry, ELISA, and Luminex.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>We included 133 individuals (59 from the Senegalese cohort and 74 from the European cohort). In contrast to the European cohort, mild COVID-19 in the Senegalese cohort was not associated with any statistically significant perturbations in blood or nasal immune cell profiles, nor with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, although SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive immunity was readily induced, as seen in Europeans. In severe COVID-19, both the Senegalese and European cohorts showed lymphopenia (Senegal: 2·9-times decrease, p=0·0010 <em>vs</em> Europe: 1·6-times decrease, p=0·0046) and increased neutrophil frequencies in blood (Senegal: 2·0-times increase, p=0·0044 <em>vs</em> Europe: 1·3-times increase, p=0·026) and the nasal mucosa CD66b<sup>+</sup>CD16<sup>low</sup> neutrophils (Senegal: 9·9-times increase, p=0·045 <em>vs</em> Europe: 392-times increase, p<0·0001). However, in contrast to Europeans, the Senegalese cohort had no significant expansion of immature immune populations, inflammasome activation, or monocyte recruitment to the nasal mucosa.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>The observed divergent immunological trajectories during SARS-CoV-2 infection offer a potential explanation for the reported attenuated disease course in sub-Saharan Africa and highlight the need to further investigate immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in understudied populations.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership 2 programme (AIDCO), LUMC Gisela Thier Fellowship, Dutch Research Council (NWO), European Research Council, and Leids Universitair Fonds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100942"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lancet MicrobePub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101014
Xi Yang , Zhengfang Wang , Yuliang Qin , Chiyu Zhang , Yu-Ye Li
{"title":"Saliva as a reliable, non-invasive specimen for detecting and monitoring Mycobacterium leprae","authors":"Xi Yang , Zhengfang Wang , Yuliang Qin , Chiyu Zhang , Yu-Ye Li","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 101014"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lancet MicrobePub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100967
Karl Hagman MD , Tamara Postigo MSc , David Diez-Castro MSc , Johan Ursing MD , Jesús F Bermejo-Martin MD , Amanda de la Fuente MSc , Ana P Tedim PhD
{"title":"Prevalence and clinical relevance of viraemia in viral respiratory tract infections: a systematic review","authors":"Karl Hagman MD , Tamara Postigo MSc , David Diez-Castro MSc , Johan Ursing MD , Jesús F Bermejo-Martin MD , Amanda de la Fuente MSc , Ana P Tedim PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this Review, we analysed the prevalence of viraemia during infection with SARS-CoV-2 and other relevant respiratory viruses, including other human coronaviruses such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, human rhinovirus/enterovirus, influenza A and B virus, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus. First, a preliminary systematic search was conducted to identify articles published before May 23, 2024 that reported on viraemia during infection with respiratory viruses. The articles were then analysed for relevant terms to identify the prevalence of viraemia, its association with the disease severity and long-term consequences, and host responses. A total of 202 articles were included in the final study. The pooled prevalence of viraemia was 34% for SARS-CoV-2 and between 6% and 65% for other viruses. Association of viraemia with disease severity was extensively reported for SARS-CoV-2 and also for SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (albeit with low evidence). SARS-CoV-2 viraemia was linked to memory problems and worsened quality of life. Viraemia was associated with signatures denoting dysregulated host responses. In conclusion, the high prevalence of viraemia and its association with disease severity suggests that viraemia could be a relevant pathophysiological event with important translational implications in respiratory viral infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100967"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lancet MicrobePub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100964
Maria Cambra-Pellejà MS , Lisette van Lieshout PhD , Luis Baptista-Pires PhD , Miguel Vilaplana MD , José Muñoz MD PhD , Javier Gandasegui PhD , Claudio Parolo PhD
{"title":"Crucial role of biosensors in the detection of helminth biomarkers in public health programmes","authors":"Maria Cambra-Pellejà MS , Lisette van Lieshout PhD , Luis Baptista-Pires PhD , Miguel Vilaplana MD , José Muñoz MD PhD , Javier Gandasegui PhD , Claudio Parolo PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Helminthiases are highly prevalent but neglected infections that affect more than 1·5 billion people worldwide. Considering the worldwide prevalence of helminthiases, WHO has declared them a public health concern since 2001, necessitating rigorous control and elimination efforts. However, only a few reliable point-of-care diagnostic tests are available for assessing the effectiveness of public health interventions targeting helminthiases, thus increasing the risk of suboptimal outcomes, misallocation of resources, and emergence of drug-resistant helminths. This Review provides an introduction on helminthiases and strategies to achieve control, elimination, interruption in transmission, and eradication of these infections. The Review then comprehensively details the existent biosensors that can be used to detect these infections in human samples, focusing on their target biomarkers, the bioreceptors used, and the sensing readouts. The Review concludes with an in-depth discussion on the persistent challenges related to helminthiases, aiming to encourage the development of much-needed diagnostics specific to these neglected infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100964"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lancet MicrobePub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.06.002
Juyeon Park PhD , Foteini Bartzoka PhD , Troy von Beck PhD , Zhu-Nan Li PhD , Margarita Mishina BSc , Luke S Hebert BSc , Jessica Kain MSc , Feng Liu PhD , Suresh Sharma PhD , Weiping Cao PhD , Devon J Eddins PhD , Amrita Kumar PhD , Jin Eyun Kim PhD , Justin S Lee PhD , Yuanyuan Wang PhD , Evan A Schwartz PhD , Axel F Brilot PhD , Ed Satterwhite PhD , Dalton M Towers BSc , Eric McKnight BSc , George Georgiou Prof
{"title":"Molecular features of the serological IgG repertoire elicited by egg-based, cell-based, or recombinant haemagglutinin-based seasonal influenza vaccines: a comparative, prospective, observational cohort study","authors":"Juyeon Park PhD , Foteini Bartzoka PhD , Troy von Beck PhD , Zhu-Nan Li PhD , Margarita Mishina BSc , Luke S Hebert BSc , Jessica Kain MSc , Feng Liu PhD , Suresh Sharma PhD , Weiping Cao PhD , Devon J Eddins PhD , Amrita Kumar PhD , Jin Eyun Kim PhD , Justin S Lee PhD , Yuanyuan Wang PhD , Evan A Schwartz PhD , Axel F Brilot PhD , Ed Satterwhite PhD , Dalton M Towers BSc , Eric McKnight BSc , George Georgiou Prof","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Egg-based inactivated quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine (eIIV4), cell culture-based inactivated quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine (ccIIV4), and recombinant haemagglutinin (HA)-based quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine (RIV4) have been licensed for use in the USA. In this study, we used antigen-specific serum proteomics analysis to assess how the molecular composition and qualities of the serological antibody repertoires differ after seasonal influenza immunisation by each of the three vaccines and how different vaccination platforms affect the HA binding affinity and breadth of the serum antibodies that comprise the polyclonal response.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this comparative, prospective, observational cohort study, we included female US health-care personnel (mean age 47·6 years [SD 8]) who received a single dose of RIV4, eIIV4, or ccIIV4 during the 2018–19 influenza season at Baylor Scott & White Health (Temple, TX, USA). Eligible individuals were selected based on comparable day 28 serum microneutralisation titres and similar vaccination history. Laboratory investigators were blinded to assignment until testing was completed. The preplanned exploratory endpoints were assessed by deconvoluting the serological repertoire specific to A/Singapore/INFIMH-16–0019/2016 (H3N2) HA before (day 0) and after (day 28) immunisation using bottom-up liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry proteomics (referred to as Ig-Seq) and natively paired variable heavy chain–variable light chain high-throughput B-cell receptor sequencing (referred to as BCR-Seq). Features of the antigen-specific serological repertoire at day 0 and day 28 for the three vaccine groups were compared. Antibodies identified with high confidence in sera were recombinantly expressed and characterised in depth to determine the binding affinity and breadth to time-ordered H3 HA proteins.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>During September and October of the 2018–19 influenza season, 15 individuals were recruited and assigned to receive RIV4 (n=5), eIIV4 (n=5), or ccIIV4 (n=5). For all three cohorts, the serum antibody repertoire was dominated by back-boosted antibody lineages (median 98% [95% CI 88–99]) that were present in the serum before vaccination. Although vaccine platform-dependent differences were not evident in the repertoire diversity, somatic hypermutation, or heavy chain complementarity determining region 3 biochemical features, antibodies boosted by RIV4 showed substantially higher binding affinity to the vaccine H3/HA (median half-maximal effective concentration [EC50] to A/Singapore/INFIMH-16–0019/2016 HA: 0·037 μg/mL [95% CI 0·012–0·12] for RIV4; 4·43 μg/mL [0·030–100·0] for eIIV4; and 18·50 μg/mL [0·99–100·0] μg/mL for ccIIV4) and also the HAs from contemporary H3N2 strains than did those elicited by eIIV4 or ccIIV4 (median EC50 to A/Texas/50/2012 HA: 0·037 μg/mL [0·017–0·32] for RIV4; 1·10 μg/mL [0·045–100] fo","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100935"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lancet MicrobePub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100961
Puck T Pelzer MSc , Logan Stuck PhD , Leonardo Martinez PhD , Alexandra S Richards PhD , Carlos Acuña-Villaorduña MD , Prof Naomi E Aronson MD , Maryline Bonnet PhD , Anna C Carvalho PhD , Prof Pei-Chun Chan PhD , Prof Li-Min Huang PhD , Chi-Tai Fang PhD , Prof Gavin Churchyard PhD , Helena del Corral-Londoño PhD , Manjula Datta MSc , Marcos A Espinal MD , Prof Katherine Fielding PhD , Andrew J Fiore-Gartland PhD , Alberto Garcia-Basteiro PhD , Prof Willem Hanekom PhD , Mark Hatherill MD , Prof Frank G J Cobelens PhD
{"title":"Effectiveness of the primary Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine against the risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease: a meta-analysis of individual participant data","authors":"Puck T Pelzer MSc , Logan Stuck PhD , Leonardo Martinez PhD , Alexandra S Richards PhD , Carlos Acuña-Villaorduña MD , Prof Naomi E Aronson MD , Maryline Bonnet PhD , Anna C Carvalho PhD , Prof Pei-Chun Chan PhD , Prof Li-Min Huang PhD , Chi-Tai Fang PhD , Prof Gavin Churchyard PhD , Helena del Corral-Londoño PhD , Manjula Datta MSc , Marcos A Espinal MD , Prof Katherine Fielding PhD , Andrew J Fiore-Gartland PhD , Alberto Garcia-Basteiro PhD , Prof Willem Hanekom PhD , Mark Hatherill MD , Prof Frank G J Cobelens PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tuberculosis vaccine trials using disease as the primary endpoint are large, time consuming, and expensive. An earlier immunological measure of the protection against disease would accelerate tuberculosis vaccine development. We aimed to assess whether the effectiveness of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine for prevention of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> infection was consistent with that for prevention of tuberculosis disease.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis on experimental and observational longitudinal studies before April 6, 2018, identified through systematic reviews, known to us through expert knowledge in the field, reporting on BCG vaccination status, <em>M tuberculosis</em> infection test (QuantiFERON IFN-γ release assay [IGRA] and tuberculin skin test [TST]), and tuberculosis incidence. Cohort studies were included only for countries with a mandatory neonatal BCG vaccination policy. Exclusion criteria were previous or current tuberculosis disease, HIV infection, tuberculosis preventive treatment usage, and for household contacts, a positive baseline IGRA or TST test and young children aged 0–2 years; for randomised controlled trials, TST results within 2 years after random assignation were excluded. We contacted the investigators of the identified studies to provide IPD. We compared the protective efficacy of the BCG vaccine against <em>M tuberculosis</em> infection with that against tuberculosis disease using mixed-effects, multivariable proportional hazards modelling, by study type, <em>M tuberculosis</em> infection test (IGRA and TST), cutoff for defining test positivity, age, sex, and latitude.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>We identified 79 studies eligible for full screening and of these, IPD datasets from 14 studies were included in our analysis: 11 household contact studies (29 147 participants), two adolescent cohort studies (11 368 participants), and one randomised controlled trial (2963 participants). Among 28 188 participants we found no protection by the BCG vaccine against TST conversion regardless of cutoff in any type of study. Among 1491 household contacts, but not among 5644 adolescents, the BCG vaccine protected against QuantiFERON conversion at the primary cutoff of 0·7 IU/mL or more with the adjusted hazard ratio (0·65, 95% CI 0·51–0·82) being consistent with that for protection against disease (0·68, 0·18–2·59). Protection against QuantiFERON conversion at cutoff of 0·35 IU/mL or more (0·64, 0·51–0·81) was similar.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Protection from the BCG vaccination against <em>M tuberculosis</em> infection, measured as QuantiFERON conversion, is inconsistent across different groups. Among groups with recent household exposure, QuantiFERON conversion is consistent with protection against disease and could be evaluated as a proxy for disease in tuberculosis vaccine trials","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100961"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}