Lancet Microbe最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of bacteriophages as a signature of microbiome health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Rachel M Wheatley, Dominique Holtappels, Britt Koskella","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parasites are foundational to ecosystem health both as indicator species of community productivity and as drivers of diversity. In bacterial communities, bacteriophage viruses can have such roles as they track and modulate the dynamic composition of bacterial hosts within an ecosystem. We aimed to test whether viromes can be used as broad signatures of microbiome health using previously published results across systems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science from Jan 22, 2022, to Sept 17, 2024, for peer-reviewed, primary literature published in English, using search terms \"phage diversity\", \"microbiome\", \"virome\", \"virus\", \"phageome\", \"disease\", and \"dysbiosis\". Inclusion criteria were: a comparison between a dysbiosis state and a healthy state in a human or animal host; a defined host organism and microbiome site; examination of the virome; an obtained measure of virome diversity (α, β, or both); use of statistical analysis to assess whether α or β diversity are changed in dysbiosis; and sufficient methodology description on viral isolation and on virus sequence analysis pipeline. We conducted a qualitative data analysis to assess factors explaining changes to virome diversity in dysbiosis. We then calculated response ratios for each study to test for overall patterns of virome α diversity change under disturbance. Finally, we conducted a quantitative analysis on studies from which we were able to obtain paired virome and bacteriome α diversity data to examine the correlation between these data in defined health compared with defined disturbance conditions. This study was not registered.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>We identified a total of 74 studies for inclusion that spanned human (n=61), mouse (n=8), pig (n=3), dog (n=1), and cow (n=1) hosts and a diverse spectrum of infections and diseases. By comparing observed phage and bacterial diversity in microbiomes characterised by dysbiosis with those considered control populations, we were able to identify some key commonalities. Of the 69 studies that investigated changes to α diversity of the virome in dysbiosis, 28 (41%) reported significant changes, but with variable directional change. Of 38 datasets (from 30 studies) for which virome α diversity values were available, 22 (58%) gave a response ratio of less than 1 (α diversity decreases in dysbiosis) and 16 (42%) of more than 1 (α diversity increases in dysbiosis); however, in 27 (71%) datasets, 95% CIs overlapped with 1 (ie, no change in α diversity). We found shifting virome composition to be a more consistent signature of dysbiosis, with 47 (69%) of 68 studies reporting a significant change in viral β diversity with dysbiosis. 62 (89%) of 70 studies reported significant enrichment of system-specific viral taxa under dysbiosis. Our quantitative correlation analysis suggested that bacterial α diversity is a","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101196"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145281376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From vaccination success to new outbreaks: reassessing Japanese encephalitis control in Nepal.","authors":"Krishna Prasad Acharya, Francesco Branda, Sarita Phuyal, Massimo Ciccozzi, Fabio Scarpa, Hemraj Kandu, Richard Trevor Wilson, Kishor Pandey, Sher Bahadur Pun","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101260","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101260"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145281400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining targets for ceftriaxone resistance detection in Neisseria gonorrhoeae based on genotype-phenotype data: an observational study.","authors":"Sebastiaan J van Hal, Monica M Lahra, David M Whiley","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increasing antimicrobial resistance to ceftriaxone in Neisseria gonorrhoeae presents a public health crisis. We aimed to identify a target associated with ceftriaxone resistance to support the development of rapid diagnostic tests.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this observational study, we included N gonorrhoeae isolates with linked penA (NEIS1753) locus and ceftriaxone minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data. We compiled and collated isolate-level data from the international public databases PubMLST and Pathogenwatch, and publications up until March 1, 2025. We determined ceftriaxone resistance using the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoint of an MIC of 0·250 mg/L or more and the WHO alert value of an MIC of 0·125 mg/L or more. We examined ceftriaxone resistance dynamics, with the sensitivity for susceptibility and resistance based on the constructed penA genotypes calculated.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>We compiled 18 689 unique N gonorrhoeae isolates from 71 countries across all WHO regions, collected between 1971 and 2024. Using the EUCAST breakpoint, the overall ceftriaxone resistance rate was 2·4%, with evidence of increasing resistance over time. Analysis of MIC distributions revealed that two alleles, penA 60.001 and penA 237.001, both of the VMTAKGGP genotype, had MIC distributions predominantly above the resistance breakpoint. The VMTAKGGP genotype, defined by the A311V mutation, was associated with a sensitivity of 83·2% (95% CI 79·4-86·6) for detecting ceftriaxone resistance and 99·8% (99·7-99·9) for detecting sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>The A311V mutation is a key marker of ceftriaxone resistance. This target could inform the development of a molecular assay to detect ceftriaxone resistance.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>Australian Research Council.</p>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101199"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145276280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting quantitative PCR positivity thresholds to inform the development of shorter benznidazole regimens.","authors":"Qingyu Chen, Zhixuan Zhang, Ruoshu Duan, Sujing Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101258","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101258"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145276285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duration of the serological response and effectiveness of the inactivated influenza vaccine in healthy adults aged 18-65 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Joshua Nazareth, Neyme Veli, Daniel Pan, Christopher A Martin, Aisha Kekere-Ekun, Faduma-Idil A Hassan, Pip Divall, Amani Al-Oraibi, Lucy Teece, Iain Stephenson, Martin J Wiselka, Julian W Tang, Laura Nellums, Manish Pareek","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101136","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The protection provided by the inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) in adults can wane during a single influenza season. We aimed to assess temporal changes in haemagglutinin inhibition assay (HAI) titres and vaccine effectiveness in healthy adults after IIV.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL and screened citations for studies published from database inception to July 6, 2022. We included studies that reported two or more vaccine effectiveness or HAI estimates in healthy adults (aged 18-65 years) after a single standard dose IIV with at least one effect estimate being 2 months after vaccination or longer. Unpublished studies, studies not published in English, cross-sectional studies, case reports, and modelling studies that did not report original data were excluded. We applied random-effects meta-analysis and metaregression to aggregate mean differences in log&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; HAI geometric mean titres (GMT) and odds ratio (OR) for influenza infection over time with inverse-variance weighting. We completed quality assessments using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklists, assessed between-study variation using τ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, and assessed publication bias using funnel plots. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021233774).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Findings: &lt;/strong&gt;Of 1387 records identified, we included 35 studies in the systematic review, of which 23 studies reported vaccine-effectiveness estimates, 11 studies reported HAI titres, and one study reported both. HAI titres were significantly higher 5-7 months after IIV than before vaccination (influenza A/H1: log&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; GMT 1·57 [95% CI 1·06-2·09], τ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=0·70; influenza A/H3: 1·16 [0·70-1·62], τ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=0·46; influenza B: 0·78 [0·08-1·49], τ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=0·41). Three studies reported titres 11-13 months after vaccination with no significant difference compared with pre-vaccination titres for influenza A/H1, A/H3, and B. For influenza A/H1, the odds of influenza infection favoured vaccination more than 5 months after IIV (aOR 0·66 [95% CI 0·51-0·87], τ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=not calculable), whereas vaccination made no significant difference on influenza A/H3 or influenza B infection more than 5 months after vaccination (influenza A/H3: 0·96 [0·78-1·18], τ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=not calculable; influenza B: 0·75 [0·49-1·16], τ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=0·10). An assessment of publication bias was restricted due to the small number of studies included in each analysis; when there were sufficient studies, no publication bias was observed through visual inspection of the funnel plots.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Interpretation: &lt;/strong&gt;IIV-induced HAI titres in healthy adults aged 18-65 years persisted 5-7 months after vaccination, but might not be significantly sustained at 11-13 months. For influenza A/H3 and influenza B, there was a significant decline in vaccine effectiveness beyond 5 months after vac","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101136"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding threat of chikungunya in 2025.","authors":"Priya Venkatesan","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101261","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101261"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-gene transcripts for subclinical tuberculosis: an individual participant data meta-analysis.","authors":"James Greenan-Barrett, Simon C Mendelsohn, Thomas J Scriba, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Rishi K Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101186","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Translation of blood RNA signatures might be accelerated by identifying biomarkers composed of the minimum number of gene transcripts. We aimed to test the hypothesis that single-gene transcripts provide similar accuracy for detection of subclinical tuberculosis to multi-gene signatures and benchmark their accuracy and clinical utility against interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;For this individual participant data meta-analysis, we searched PubMed from database inception to June 10, 2024, using terms for \"tuberculosis\", \"subclinical\", and \"RNA\" to identify studies in which participants underwent whole-blood RNA sampling with at least 12 months of follow-up for development of clinical tuberculosis. We performed a one-stage individual participant data meta-analysis to compare the accuracy of multi-gene signatures against single-gene transcripts to discriminate individuals with subclinical tuberculosis-defined as asymptomatic prevalent or incident tuberculosis (diagnosed ≥21 days from enrolment, irrespective of symptoms) over a 12-month interval-from individuals who remained disease free. We performed decision curve analysis to evaluate the net benefit of using single-gene transcripts and IGRAs, alone or in combination, to stratify preventive treatment compared with strategies of treating all or no individuals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Findings: &lt;/strong&gt;276 articles were identified in the search; of these, seven met the eligibility criteria and all had IPD available. We evaluated 80 single-genes and eight multi-gene signatures in a pooled analysis of four RNA sequencing and three quantitative PCR datasets, comprising 6544 total samples and including 283 samples from 214 individuals with subclinical tuberculosis. Distributions of transcript and signature Z scores after standardisation were similar and there was little heterogeneity between datasets. Five single-gene transcripts (BATF2, FCGR1A/B, ANKRD22, GBP2, and SERPING1) had equivalent areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (0·75 [95% CI 0·71-0·79] to 0·77 [0·73-0·81]) to the best-performing multi-gene signature over 12 months, but none met the WHO minimum target product profile (TPP) for a tuberculosis progression test. IGRAs approximated the TPP in low-burden settings but showed much lower specificity in high-burden settings (74% [95% CI 72-76] vs 32% [30-35]). By contrast, sensitivity (67% [47-82] in high-burden settings vs 78% [67-86] in low-burden settings) and specificity (72% [70-74] vs 67% [64-69]) of the best-performing single-gene transcript was similar across settings. Decision curve analysis showed that in high-burden settings, stratifying preventive treatment using single-gene transcripts had greater net benefit than using IGRAs, which offered little net benefit over treating all individuals. In low-burden settings, IGRAs offered greater net benefit than single-gene transcripts to stratify treatment, but combini","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101186"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathways to an Intergovernmental Panel on Pandemics: lessons from the IPCC and IPBES","authors":"Colin J Carlson PhD ,&nbsp;Christopher H Trisos PhD ,&nbsp;Ben Oppenheim PhD ,&nbsp;Prof Shweta Bansal PhD ,&nbsp;Prof Sara E Davies PhD ,&nbsp;Aïda Diongue-Niang PhD ,&nbsp;Victoria Y Fan ScD ,&nbsp;John D Kraemer JD ,&nbsp;Rachel Golden Kroner PhD ,&nbsp;Prof Lawrence O Gostin JD ,&nbsp;Prof David T S Hayman PhD ,&nbsp;Prof Marion Koopmans DVM PhD ,&nbsp;Torre E Lavelle MSc ,&nbsp;Carlos G das Neves PhD ,&nbsp;Zoe O’Donoghue PhD ,&nbsp;Laura M Pereira DPhil ,&nbsp;Benjamin Roche PhD ,&nbsp;Prof Matiangai Sirleaf JD MA ,&nbsp;Kayla Zamanian MS ,&nbsp;Carlos Zambrana-Torrelio PhD ,&nbsp;Alexandra L Phelan SJD","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pandemics pose a global threat to human wellbeing, justice, economies, and ecosystems and are comparable with other planetary crises such as climate change and biodiversity loss in terms of urgency and impact. The global community would benefit from a dedicated scientific synthesis body to assess pandemic risks and solutions. In this Personal View, we explore proposals for an Intergovernmental Panel on Pandemics and assess potential pathways to its creation. Learning lessons from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) might help national governments and international organisations to chart a course through important decisions about format, governance, operations, scientific scope and process, and ability to recommend policies that make the world safer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 10","pages":"Article 101178"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144668664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunological profile of pregnant women with preconception immunity with or without vertical transmission of human cytomegalovirus to the fetus: a retrospective observational study","authors":"Paola Zelini PhD ,&nbsp;Piera d’Angelo PhD ,&nbsp;Chiara Fornara MS ,&nbsp;Federica Zavaglio MS ,&nbsp;Milena Furione MD ,&nbsp;Alessia Arossa MD ,&nbsp;Cristian Achille MS ,&nbsp;Beatrice Tassis MD ,&nbsp;Andrea Ronchi MD ,&nbsp;Lorenza Pugni MD ,&nbsp;Sara Ornaghi MD ,&nbsp;Paolo Ivo Cavoretto MD ,&nbsp;Prof Massimo Candiani MD ,&nbsp;Elisa Fabbri MD ,&nbsp;Prof Anna Locatelli MD ,&nbsp;Sara Consonni MD ,&nbsp;Simona Rutolo MD ,&nbsp;Elena Miotto BS ,&nbsp;Prof Valeria Savasi MD ,&nbsp;Maria Di Giminiani MD ,&nbsp;Prof Fausto Baldanti MD","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101162","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Vertical transmission of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) to the fetus (congenital CMV infection) can occur in pregnant women with preconception immunity. Maternal immunological features associated with congenital CMV infection have been poorly investigated. We aimed to characterise the immunological features of pregnant women with preconception immunity in cases with and without vertical transmission of human CMV to the fetus.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In this retrospective cohort study, we included pregnant women (aged &gt;18 years) with preconception immunity enrolled between Sept 1, 2017, and Oct 15, 2020, in the Congenital Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in Lombardy (CHILd) study (Italy) with (congenital CMV group) and without (no-congenital CMV group) intrauterine human CMV transmission. Blood was collected at 13 weeks of gestation and at delivery. The following immune parameters were measured and compared between groups: serum neutralising titres, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, human CMV-specific long-term memory T cells (interleukin [IL]-7R&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and IL-2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;), and effector memory CD45RA&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; (TEMRA) cells. Immune parameters were also compared with those of two groups of pregnant women with human CMV primary infection enrolled at Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo (Pavia, Italy) in two previous studies: primary infection group 1 for antibody response (followed up for 12 months; enrolled between Feb 23, 2011, and Sept 1, 2015,) and primary infection group 2 for T-cell response (followed up for 24 months; enrolled between July 10, 2016, and March 18, 2020).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Findings&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;128 women were included in this study: 56 women from the CHILd study (16 women in the congenital CMV group and 40 women in the no-congenital CMV group) and 72 pregnant women with primary infection (40 in primary infection group 1 [15 with and 25 without vertical transmission] and 32 in primary infection group 2 [11 with and 21 without vertical transmission]). Higher neutralising activity (p≤0·022) but lower antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (p=0·0004) was observed in the congenital CMV group versus the no-congenital CMV group. Additionally, the congenital CMV group had a lower percentage of long-term memory T cells than the no-congenital CMV group (p≤0·022). No significant difference was found for TEMRA cells between congenital CMV and no-congenital CMV groups. Immunological parameters of the congenital CMV group were similar to those observed in primary infection groups 1 and 2 within 12–24 months after infection.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Interpretation&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Immune women with intrauterine human CMV transmission have distinct immunological parameters (different from immune women without CMV transmission, but similar to women with primary infection) and might be those who had a primary human CMV infection within a few years earlier before maternal immunity development was completed.","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 10","pages":"Article 101162"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis compared with Streptococcus pyogenes in Australia, 2011–23, and the emergence of a multi-continent stG62647 lineage: a retrospective clinical and genomic epidemiology study","authors":"Ouli Xie PhD ,&nbsp;Leo Featherstone PhD ,&nbsp;An N T Nguyen PhD ,&nbsp;Andrew J Hayes MPhil ,&nbsp;Miranda E Pitt PhD ,&nbsp;Stephanie Spring FRACP ,&nbsp;Alice Liu FRACP ,&nbsp;Gerry Tonkin-Hill PhD ,&nbsp;Ravindra Dotel PhD ,&nbsp;Neela Joshi Rai MPH ,&nbsp;Alexander Rofe MBBS ,&nbsp;Sebastian Duchêne PhD ,&nbsp;Deborah C Holt PhD ,&nbsp;Louise M Judd PhD ,&nbsp;Prof Lachlan J M Coin PhD ,&nbsp;Vicki L Krause FAFPHM ,&nbsp;Matthew V N O’Sullivan PhD ,&nbsp;Robert W Baird FRACP ,&nbsp;Katherine Bond FRACP ,&nbsp;Prof Benjamin P Howden PhD ,&nbsp;Steven Y C Tong PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101182","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;em&gt;Streptococcus dysgalactiae&lt;/em&gt; subspecies &lt;em&gt;equisimilis&lt;/em&gt; (SDSE) is closely related to &lt;em&gt;Streptococcus pyogenes&lt;/em&gt;, with overlapping disease manifestations. We compared the clinical and genomic epidemiology of invasive SDSE with invasive &lt;em&gt;S pyogenes&lt;/em&gt; across different settings in Australia and phylogenetically contextualised the SDSE sequences within a global cohort of genomes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In this retrospective clinical and genomic epidemiology study, cases of invasive SDSE isolated from normally sterile sites were identified and whole-genome sequenced across five hospital networks in temperate southeast Australia (Melbourne and Sydney) and the tropical Top End of the Northern Territory. SDSE disease incidence, case demographics, clinical outcomes, and longitudinal lineage dynamics were compared between southeast Australia and the Top End and to co-collected invasive &lt;em&gt;S pyogenes&lt;/em&gt; cases in each region. SDSE genomes and lineages were also contextualised within 1166 global SDSE sequences. Genomic transmission clusters (not necessarily direct transmission) were inferred between isolates from different individuals by single-linkage clustering at a single nucleotide polymorphism threshold of less than or equal to seven for SDSE and less than or equal to five for &lt;em&gt;S pyogenes&lt;/em&gt; based on previous transmission analyses.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Findings&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Between Jan 1, 2011, and Feb 28, 2023, there were 693 invasive SDSE cases and 995 invasive &lt;em&gt;S pyogenes&lt;/em&gt; cases. Invasive SDSE occurred almost exclusively in adults. The overall invasive SDSE incidence in southeast Australia was similar to invasive &lt;em&gt;S pyogenes&lt;/em&gt; (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1·15, 95% CI 0·91–1·46; p=0·26) and increased over the study period (IRR 1·06 per year, 95% CI 1·05–1·08; p&lt;0·0001) from 1·30 cases per 10 000 admissions in 2011 to 3·72 cases per 10 000 admissions in the first 2 months of 2023 (95% CI 2·13–6·07). In southeast Australia, where stringent COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were implemented between 2020 and 2021, the SDSE incidence plateaued during 2020–21 but did not significantly decline (IRR 1·09 compared with 2017–19, 95% CI 0·88–1·35; p=0·47). By contrast, &lt;em&gt;S pyogenes&lt;/em&gt; incidence substantially declined in 2020–21 in southeast Australia (IRR 0·35 compared to 2017–19, 95% CI 0·22–0·52; p=0·017). In the Top End, SDSE incidence was lower than &lt;em&gt;S pyogenes&lt;/em&gt; (IRR 0·24, 95% CI 0·19–0·31; p&lt;0·0001). However, crude incidence remained higher than southeast Australia (crude IRR 1·24, 95% CI 1·07–1·42; p=0·0037) and disproportionately affected First Nations Australians in the Top End compared with non-First Nations individuals (IRR 3·36, 95% CI 2·33–4·85; p&lt;0·0001). Comparing 2020–21 with 2017–19, there was no decline in SDSE (IRR 1·27, 95% CI 0·73–2·24; p=0·45) or &lt;em&gt;S pyogenes&lt;/em&gt; (IRR 0·97, 95% CI 0·80–1·18; p=0·81) incidence in the Top End, ","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 10","pages":"Article 101182"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}