Lancet Microbe最新文献

{"title":"Serum neutralisation of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b influenza is largely mediated by neuraminidase-directed antibodies.","authors":"Manoj S Nair, Hsiang Hong, Sue Chong, Yaoxing Huang, David D Ho","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101431","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101431"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to endemicity of SARS-CoV-2 in a sentinel cohort in the Netherlands: findings from a prospective observational study.","authors":"Vita W Jongen, Maarten F Schim van der Loeff, Margreet Bakker, Jeffrey C D Koole, Sophie L Campman, Udi Davidovich, Maria Prins, Lia van der Hoek","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The speed at which SARS-CoV-2 reached endemicity, characterised by widespread population exposure, is unknown. As antibody levels wane over time, longitudinal studies are needed to assess the transition to endemicity. This study aimed to assess the time until SARS-CoV-2 reached full endemicity in the general human population using data from the Amsterdam Cohort Studies (ACS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ACS is a prospective observational cohort study, whose participants were considered as a sentinel group for worldwide spread, as their behaviour related to the risk of respiratory infections was not substantially different from the Dutch or worldwide population. Data of 468 ACS participants living in or near the Amsterdam region, the Netherlands, were collected from Jan 1, 2020, to Dec 17, 2024. The participants were adult men having sex with men, who enrolled before 2020, remained HIV negative throughout the study period, provided at least one blood sample before March 1, 2021, and had more than one study visit since Jan 1, 2020. Participants with no serum samples collected before March 1, 2021, those who provided only one serum sample, or those with false-positive results were excluded. Blood samples were collected at 6-month intervals. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid proteins induced by natural infection and not vaccination were measured using double-recognition ELISA. Before each study visit, participants completed an online self-administered questionnaire on their health. We estimated the incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion per 100 person-years from Jan 1, 2020, to Dec 17, 2024. Time to seroconversion was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method, with sensitivity analyses evaluating alternative assumptions for the timing of seroconversion.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Among 468 participants, 359 (77%) seroconverted, 97 (21%) were censored before Jan 1, 2024, and 12 (3%) remained seronegative for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the proportion without seroconversion by 2024 was 6% (95% CI 4-9). Three of the 12 seronegative people self-reported SARS-CoV-2 infection during follow-up; the remaining nine people reported either no testing or only negative SARS-CoV-2 test results. Most infections (n=185) occurred between January and December, 2022, when omicron variants started circulating and mitigation measures were reduced.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Almost 5 years after the start of the pandemic, most participants have developed antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 from natural infection, indicating SARS-CoV-2 reached endemicity within this period. Extrapolation of this finding implies that most people worldwide might have experienced at least one SARS-CoV-2 infection. Future emergence of another novel respiratory virus might also take only a few years to reach endemicity, although mitigation measures and vaccination might slow this transition.</p><p><st","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101314"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiology has always been at the root of One Health.","authors":"The Lancet Microbe","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101434","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101434"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147844422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shift in pre-existing antibiotic heteroresistance explains change in antimicrobial susceptibility status from susceptible to resistant during patient treatment.","authors":"Ben Kittleson, Carter N Abbott, Keith S Kaye, David S Weiss","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101420","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101420"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-throughput multiplex immunoassay for the detection of mpox and MVA-BN vaccination up to 2 years after exposure in Belgium: a retrospective diagnostic accuracy study.","authors":"Joachim Mariën, Christophe Van Dijck, Nicole Berens-Riha, Elisabeth Willems, Luca M Zaeck, Scott Jones, Bethany Hicks, Ashley Otter, Jenifer L Yates, Danielle T Hunt, William T Lee, Stefanie Bracke, Jacob Verschueren, Fien Vanroye, Evi Bosman, Natalie De Cock, Bart Smekens, Leen Vandenhove, Odin Goovaerts, Anke van Hul, Patrick Soentjens, Arnaud Marchant, Marjan Van Esbroeck, Koen Vercauteren, Wim Adriaensen, Rory D de Vries, Kevin K Ariën, Laurens Liesenborghs","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mpox, caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), has gained global attention following several international outbreaks. Accurate and high-throughput detection of MPXV-specific antibodies is essential for surveillance programmes, diagnosis, and vaccine trials. We therefore evaluated the long-term accuracy of an mpox multiplex immunoassay that measures IgG responses to 11 orthopoxvirus antigens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The assay was validated in a diagnostic accuracy study involving a Belgian cohort of clade IIb MPXV-infected individuals (n=211) and modified vaccinia virus Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) vaccine recipients (n=202), who were followed up for 2 years after exposure. We used receiver operating characteristic analysis to assess diagnostic performance at multiple timepoints after infection or vaccination compared with negative controls (n=287). To explore the assay's broader utility, we also investigated correlations between antigen-specific IgG responses and neutralising antibody titres.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>In individuals without previous smallpox vaccination (n=149), the assay accurately detected mpox infection up to 2 years after infection, achieving 92% sensitivity (95% CI 89-97) at 95% specificity (91-98) when multiple antigens were combined. By contrast, diagnostic performance was low in previously vaccinated individuals (n=62), with sensitivities of most antigens dropping below 60% (38-77) after 6 months. Most antigen-specific IgG responses correlated strongly with neutralising antibody titres.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>The assay shows high sensitivity and specificity for detecting previous mpox infection in unvaccinated individuals, with reliable performance up to 2 years after infection. Strong concordance with neutralising antibody titres supports the assay's potential for monitoring long-term infection and vaccine-induced immunity. However, previous vaccination status should be considered when interpreting results.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), Department of Work, Economy, Science, Innovation and Social Economy of the Flemish Government (WEWIS), and Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw).</p>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101316"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking virulence screening in Klebsiella pneumoniae: a case for a standardised Galleria mellonella infection model.","authors":"Katharina Schaufler, Nicola Schmidt, Michael Schwabe, Stefan E Heiden, Helmut Fickenscher, Pei Yee Woh, Sy Bui Tien, Thirumalaisamy P Velavan, Le Huu Song, Bernd Neumann, Evgeny A Idelevich, Karsten Becker, Andi Krumbholz, Kaan Kocer, Sébastien Boutin, Dennis Nurjadi, Elias Eger","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101421","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101421"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WHO's new influenza vaccine recommendations.","authors":"Talha Burki","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101419","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101419"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of immune responses targeting highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5) viruses in health-care workers in the Netherlands: an observational, cross-sectional analysis.","authors":"Mark A Power, Willemijn F Rijnink, Widia Soochit, Lennert Gommers, Anne van der Linden, Felicity Chandler, Femke Volker, Theo M Bestebroer, Babs E Verstrepen, Alba Grifoni, Ngoc H Tan, Susanne Bogers, Gijsbert P van Nierop, Alessandro Sette, Marion P G Koopmans, Corine H Geurts van Kessel, Reina S Sikkema, Mathilde Richard, Rory D de Vries","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5) viruses pose a pandemic threat, with a history of mammalian adaptation and zoonotic spillovers into humans. We aimed to determine whether pre-existing cross-reactive immune responses to A(H5) clade 2.3.4.4b influenza viruses detected between 2020 and 2024 are present in the general population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study within the prospective Surveillance of Respiratory Viruses in Healthcare and Animal Workers in the Netherlands (SENTINEL) cohort, in which we analysed a subset of health-care workers aged 18 years or older who provided blood samples at a periodic study visit in August or September, 2024. Blood samples were analysed for influenza A(H5)-specific antibody binding, haemagglutination inhibition, Fc-effector functions, neuraminidase (NA) inhibition, and T-cell responses.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>We included 107 health-care workers. Participants' median age was 50·0 years (IQR 40·0-58·0); 77 (72%) health-care workers were female, 29 (27%) were male, and one (1%) did not report their biological sex. Virus-specific antibodies were measured in 106 serum samples. Low-level binding antibodies directed against the A(H5) haemagglutinin (HA) head were detected in up to 28 individuals (depending on the antigen), but without haemagglutination inhibition activity. Nevertheless, we detected A(H5)-reactive antibodies with Fc-effector functions in all participants. Additionally, we observed high levels of antibodies with NA inhibition activity (geometric mean titre 208 [95% CI 153-284]) in up to 97% of the health-care workers against avian N1, and T-cell responses against HA and NA from A(H5) influenza viruses in 43-69% (46-74 of 107) health-care workers. A(H5)-specific responses correlated with immune responses targeting A(H1N1).</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Together, our findings suggest that partial cross-reactive immunity to A(H5) influenza viruses exists in humans, likely induced by previous exposures to seasonal influenza viruses. This partial cross-reactive immunity might play an important role during future outbreaks, potentially by blunting disease severity. Characterising pre-existing baseline immunity is crucial for accurate pandemic risk assessment and preparedness planning.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development, the EU's EU4Health programme DURABLE, the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Food Security and Nature, the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport, and the National Institute of Health-National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101367"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification and sequencing of hepatitis D virus from a large cohort of chronically infected individuals paired with co-infecting hepatitis B virus sequencing: a genomic characterisation study.","authors":"Savrina Manhas, Silvia Chang, Ross Martin, Andrew Lopez, Thomas Aeschbacher, Simin Xu, Roberto Mateo, Yang Liu, Stephanie Narguet, Dzhamal Abdurakhmanov, Pietro Lampertico, Dmitry Manuilov, John Flaherty, Hongmei Mo, Evguenia Maiorova, Tarik Asselah","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The most severe form of viral hepatitis is caused by co-infection of hepatitis D virus (HDV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Phylogenetic analyses classify HBV and HDV into eight major genotypes: HBV GTA to GTH and HDV GT1 to GT8. Paired HBV and HDV sequencing data from participants with chronic hepatitis delta are scarce. We aimed to sequence and genotype HDV and HBV from a large cohort of participants from clinical studies and diverse countries of origin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>407 participants with chronic hepatitis D from 24 countries were characterised (124 participants from MYR301 clinical trial, 93 from MYR204, 114 from MYR202, and an additional 76 participants from diverse geographical locations). HBV and HDV from participants were analysed using sequencing, enzyme immunoassay, or both to determine HBV and HDV genotypes. BLAST analysis and phylogenetics were used to determine HBV and HDV genotypes with reference sequence libraries. Bulevirtide treatment response (measured by HDV RNA decline and normalisation of alanine aminotransferase) was compared by genotype for MYR trial participants.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>HDV sequencing assays were successful for 386 (95%) of 407 participants and HBV sequencing or serology-based HBV genotyping assays were successful for genotyping 395 (97%) participants. For individual genotypes, HBV GTD (336 [83%] participants) and HDV GT1 (364 [89%]) were the most prevalent. For paired HBV-HDV genotypes, HBV-HDV D/1 was most common (320 [79%] of 407) followed by A/1 (30 [7%]). Phylogenetic analyses of HDV full-genome sequences showed distinct clusters of sequences within HDV GT1, and four novel provisional HDV GT1 subgenotypes, HDV GT1fp to HDVGT1ip, were identified. For 218 MYR clinical trial participants, bulevirtide treatment response was similar across HDV GT1 subgenotypes (both established and newly identified).</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Novel HDV subgenotypes identified in this study indicate a greater genetic diversity of HDV GT1 than previously recognised. This knowledge will be important for developing better diagnostics, and in understanding HDV genotype-specific biology and response to treatment. More extensive HDV sequencing from under-sampled regions, such as Africa, is needed to determine the true breadth of HDV sequence and genotype diversity.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>Gilead Sciences.</p>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101328"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147676701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WHO prequalifies novel polio vaccine.","authors":"Timothy Jesudason","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101410","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101410"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147663238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}