Environmental Technology & Innovation最新文献

{"title":"Bioaerosol emission characteristics from an underground wastewater treatment plant: Distribution, microbial population, influencing factors and health risk assessment","authors":"Zhanhong Hu ,&nbsp;Qing Yang ,&nbsp;Xiancong Jiang ,&nbsp;Chen Yang ,&nbsp;Zongze Xu ,&nbsp;Yuanjin Li ,&nbsp;Shiting Xie ,&nbsp;Xiuhong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the global spread of airborne pathogens, bioaerosols carrying pathogens have received widespread attention. Wastewater treatment plants accumulate large amounts of bioaerosols, posing a significant threat to the surrounding environment and public health. In this study, the distribution, microbial population, influencing factors and health risk of bioaerosols from an underground wastewater treatment plant (UWWTP) were investigated. The results showed that the total bioaerosol concentrations of UWWTP were 639–6968 CFU/m³, with the main contributions being pretreatment and sludge treatment. Moreover, with the deepening of the wastewater treatment process, the concentrations of bioaerosols gradually decreased. The proportion of respirable fraction of UWWTP bioaerosols was 52.89 %–80.63 %. Environmental factors significantly affected the concentration and particle size distribution of bioaerosols. <em>Rhodococcus</em> was the dominant bacterium in the UWWTP bioaerosols. Notably, some pathogenic bacteria such as <em>Pseudomonas</em>, <em>Ahniella</em>, and <em>Macellibacteroides</em> were detected in bioaerosols, some of which originated from wastewater or sludge. In addition, inhalation of bioaerosols is the main way to threaten human health, and bioaerosols emitted by UWWTP in May can pose a non-carcinogenic risk to humans (HI&gt;1). Therefore, the long-term contamination characteristics of bioaerosols in underground wastewater treatment plants should be fully investigated and effective preventive measures should be established.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 104452"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-electrolytic degradation of rhodamine B by Cu-Fe-Co trimetallic catalysts: Synergistic mechanisms and reaction pathways","authors":"Shuzhen Yang ,&nbsp;Bingjing Tian ,&nbsp;Yanfang Huang ,&nbsp;Bingbing Liu ,&nbsp;Shengpeng Su ,&nbsp;Wenjuan Wang ,&nbsp;Guihong Han","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The persistent dye rhodamine B (RhB) in textile wastewater poses severe ecological threats, demanding efficient and sustainable treatment technologies. This study synthesized a novel trimetallic Cu-Fe-Co catalyst via a nitrogen-atmosphere co-reduction method. The catalyst’s unique advantage lies in the synergistic effects of Cu, Fe, and Co, which significantly enhance catalytic performance. The redox-active phases of Cu, combined with the Fenton-like reactivity of Fe, are further optimized by Co doping to improve reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and electron transfer efficiency. Characterization revealed a dendritic structure dominated by Cu, Cu₂O, and FeO phases, with Co-induced lattice expansion (Δ<em>d</em>/<em>d</em> = +0.25 %) enhancing surface reactivity. Under optimized conditions (pH 3, 1.5 g/L catalyst, 20 mg/L RhB), the ternary Cu-Fe-Co catalyst achieved 99.8 % RhB degradation within 40 min, with high mineralization efficiency (46.5 % TOC removal, 82.1 % COD removal). Mechanistic studies demonstrated that Co incorporation promotes the conversion of superoxide radicals (·O₂⁻) into long-lived singlet oxygen (¹O₂), synergistically enhancing oxidative effects from ·OH and ¹O₂, while <em>in situ</em> H₂O₂ generation drives radical chain reactions. Compared to binary catalysts, the ternary system exhibits superior degradation kinetics for RhB and maintains 95.8 % degradation efficiency even after five cycles. This study provides new insights into trimetallic catalyst design, highlighting its practical potential for wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 104447"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable application of rare earth elements (lanthanum and cerium) to enhance growth and nutrient uptake in Paramichelia baillonii seedlings via hormonal regulation","authors":"Izhar Ali,&nbsp;Saif Ullah,&nbsp;Wenjun Dai,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Xu,&nbsp;Mei Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rare earth elements (REEs) enhance plant growth and quality in agricultural systems; however, their excessive and unregulated use raises environmental concerns due to REE accumulation in soil and water. Despite growing interest, limited research has assessed their impact on medicinal and endangered tree species such as <em>Paramichelia baillonii</em>, which faces population decline and low reproductive capacity. This study investigated the effects of foliar application of lanthanum (La) and cerium (Ce) at 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg L^－1 on seedling growth and physiolgical response in <em>P. baillonii</em>. Results showed a biphasic response, with plant growth, chlorophyll content, and nutrient acquisition improving at lower concentrations and declining at higher levels. The optimal concentration of 20 mg L^－1 La increased seedling height, stem diameter, and total dry weight by 35 %, 48 %, and 26 %, respectively, compared to the control, while Ce achieved increases of 27 %, 4 %, and 2 %. At this level, La and Ce significantly enhanced uptake of potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen, improved root morphology, and stimulated antioxidant enzyme activity. Levels of gibberellic acid (GA₃) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) also peaked at 20 mg L^－1, increasing by 30.22 % and 36.00 %, respectively. In contrast, abscisic acid (ABA) rose significantly at higher concentrations, indicating stress. These findings suggest that 20 mg L^－1 of La and Ce is an environmentally sustainable threshold for promoting growth and physiological function in <em>P. baillonii</em>, while excessive application may pose ecological risks due to potential phytotoxicity and environmental accumulation of REEs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 104451"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic and metabolic insights into the mechanism of cadmium biomineralization by Klebsiella michiganensis NT-27","authors":"Qian Cai ,&nbsp;Jun Wu ,&nbsp;Min Xu ,&nbsp;Gang Yang ,&nbsp;Ricardo Amils ,&nbsp;José M. Martínez ,&nbsp;Jing Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) offers a promising strategy for the remediation of cadmium (Cd) contamination; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying Cd immobilization during this process remain unclear. This study aimed to uncover the biomineralization mechanisms of <em>Klebsiella michiganensis</em> NT-27, a Cd-resistant and ureolytic bacteria. To achieve this, we conducted integrated genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses. Results showed that <em>K. michiganensis</em> NT-27 effectively removed 70.97 % of Cd^2 + from a 20 mg/L solution in 7 days. Genomic analysis identified Cd²⁺ resistance genes (<em>czcD</em>, 945 bp; <em>zntA</em>, 2205 bp) and the complete urease gene cluster (<em>ureABCDEFG</em>), with <em>ureC</em> being the longest (1704 bp). Transcriptomic analysis identified 25 upregulated and 22 downregulated genes during the MICP process, primarily related to transmembrane transport, the TCA cycle, and glutamate metabolism. Metabolomic profiling showed significant changes in ABC transporters, arginine biosynthesis, biosynthesis of cofactors, and nucleotide metabolism. SEM-EDS, TEM, FTIR, XRD, and XPS analyses confirmed that Cd²⁺ was immobilized via co-precipitation with CaCO₃, while 3D-EEM analysis further indicated that tyrosine- and tryptophan-containing extracellular polymeric substances contributed to Cd²⁺ immobilization. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving Cd immobilization during the MICP process, offering valuable insights for the development of effective bioremediation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 104444"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytomanagement with forage grasses for sustainable remediation of contaminated tailings soil: Enhancing soil functionality and addressing forage safety risks","authors":"Jun Chen ,&nbsp;Weixia Hao ,&nbsp;Yichen Shi ,&nbsp;Liping Chen ,&nbsp;Haiyan Li ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Zhao ,&nbsp;Minghe Mo ,&nbsp;Tao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tailings-contaminated soils represent an underutilized land resource, and reclaiming them with forage grasses can restore landscapes, mitigate metal pollution, and support phytoremediation. This study evaluates five forage grasses for reclamation in contaminated tailings soil. All grasses demonstrated strong adaptability, likely due to their metal exclusion traits, with bioconcentration factors (BCF) &lt; 0.11 ± 0.02 for Cd, Pb, and Zn. Grass reclamation significantly improved soil multifunctionality, enhancing physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and rhizosphere bacterial α-diversity and biomass compared with bare soil. Furthermore, grass reclamation reshaped the microbial community, towards a plant-beneficial microbiome, including the enrichment nitrogen-cycling bacteria (e.g., increased bacteria containing <em>nirK</em>, <em>nosZ</em> genes), and a rise in symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi. Greenhouse experiments further demonstrated that the microbial communities naturally restored in the rhizosphere, similar to those associated with established AMF symbioses, improved forage grass adaptability. These microbial communities facilitated heavy metal stabilization in roots, reduced metal translocation, and lowered the risk of food chain contamination, thereby promoting plant growth. Our results suggest that these naturally restored microbiotas should be prioritized in tailings soil reclamation with forage grasses as an alternative to AMF. However, the potential risk of heavy metal contamination in forage grasses requires careful consideration, as all species investigated pose a risk of exceeding heavy metal limits, except for <em>P. purpureum</em> 'Sweet', remaining within permissible levels for silage. Combining microbial heavy metal mitigation with strategies such as soil amendments and selecting low-metal-accumulating grasses, like, <em>P. purpureum</em> 'Sweet', provides a promising, sustainable approach for phytomanagement of severely contaminated tailings soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 104443"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphine-functionalized aluminum-based metal organic framework for ultra-fast and selective thorium capture from rare earth contaminated wastewater","authors":"Shuai Sun ,&nbsp;Kai Jia ,&nbsp;Ge Cheng ,&nbsp;Lei Shi ,&nbsp;Qiuhong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thorium, a radioactive nuclide, commonly accompanies rare earth minerals. The wastewater generated during the mining and processing of these ores poses significant risks to the environment and public health. Therefore, efficient adsorbents for removing thorium are crucial in the recent research. This study synthesized a novel dimethylphosphine functionalized Al-based metal organic framework (CAU-PMIDA) and evaluated its adsorption selectivity for thorium in wastewater. Adsorption mechanism studies have shown that CAU-PMIDA adsorbs thorium mainly through chemical adsorption，and dynamics follow a pseudo second-order model and reach equilibrium within approximately 30 min. Thorium adsorption on CAU-PMIDA fits the Langmuir isotherm, achieving a maximum capacity of 199.50 mg/g at pH 3.5. Coexisting rare earth ions have minimal interference, demonstrating remarkable Th(IV) selectivity. CAU-PMIDA maintains excellent regeneration performance，high adsorption capacity and selectivity under acidic conditions, which indicating significant potential in the treatment especially from acidic rare earth contaminated wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 104442"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable energy generation: Assessing the potential of sewage sludge and polyethylene-based fuel for energy applications","authors":"Marek Jadlovec ,&nbsp;Stanislav Honus ,&nbsp;Lucie Jezerská ,&nbsp;Petr Pavlík ,&nbsp;Veronika Sassmanová ,&nbsp;Veronika Sýkorová ,&nbsp;Jan Výtisk","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explored the potential of using sewage sludge (SS) and polyethylene (PE) waste as alternative fuels within a circular economy framework. SS, characterized by a high-water content and the presence of heavy metals, and PE, a byproduct of the automotive industry with a high calorific value, were pelletized and co-incinerated in a fluidized bed combustor. The primary objective of this study was to assess the energy recovery potential and environmental impact of these materials individually and in a 1:1 blend. Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was employed to evaluate the environmental footprint, focusing on pollutant emissions and energy consumption during incineration. The results indicated that the co-incineration of SS and PE significantly increased the low heating value of the fuel, enhancing its competitiveness as an energy source. However, this process also led to a notable increase in pollutant emissions, particularly NOx and SO₂. Despite these challenges, this study demonstrates the feasibility of developing a sustainable alternative fuel from SS and PE, contributing to waste reduction and energy recovery in line with circular economic principles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 104441"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waste to emerging and sustainable wealth: An integrated mining 4.0-recycling 4.0-decision making 4.0 framework overcoming greener red mud recycling technologies promotion","authors":"Mohammad Shamsi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Zakerinejad ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Zareifard","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive, three-phase framework for selecting an optimal technological solution for repurposing Red Mud (RM) based on a green mining approach. The framework introduces a novel ZE-FSIWEC method in Phase 1 for Mining 4.0 criteria weighting. In Phase 2, Fuzzy-Delphi method (FDM) screens key Recycling 4.0 alternatives, followed by a combination of eight multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods including ARLON (2024), RAWEC (2024), MARA (2022), COBRA (2022), RAFSI, MAIRCA, MABAC, and ARAS for ranking. To address uncertainties, enhance decision reliability, and improve group decision credibility, fuzzy ZE-numbers are merged with Decision-Making 4.0 methods, which are then consolidated using Borda-count and Copeland ranking for a robust assessment. Iran was chosen as the analysis subject, with Phase 1 evaluating the national participants' perspectives, and Phase 2 focusing on the local site participants' viewpoints. In the final phase, the framework culminates in the development of a quantifiable RM Management Sustainability Score (RMMSS) to identify the most suitable strategic supply planning of RM residues among different Recycling 4.0 technologies and enhance mining waste management standards. Therefore, the proposed tech-paradigm based framework demonstrates its efficiency in a scenario where mining enterprises aim to market their RM. Sensitivity analysis shows the reliability of ZE-FSIWEC-ZE-RAWEC method, with a Spearman's correlation over 86.9 %, making it promising for future research. The Jajarm alumina complex case study showcases the framework's remarkable impact. This framework demonstrates its practicality and region-independent adaptability, contributing to a greener future by promoting sustainable practices and transforming hazardous RM waste into valuable assets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 104440"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative use of CaO in combination with amino acid salt to convert CO2 as CaCO3 nanoparticles under mild pH and low temperature","authors":"Qingyang Li ,&nbsp;Lihua Zhang ,&nbsp;Malcolm Xing ,&nbsp;Badie I. Morsi ,&nbsp;Bingyun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for sustainable CO₂ management has driven the development of innovative methods that can convert point source CO₂ into value-added products. In this study, CaO in combination with amino acid salt was used to convert CO₂ into CaCO₃ nanoparticles. Different from the conventional method where CO₂ diffusion presents a major challenge in reacting with CaO to form CaCO₃, amino acid salt solvent was applied to absorb CO₂ first and then rapidly reacted with CaO to form CaCO₃ nanoparticles (∼50 nm) at a low temperature (e.g., 60 °C). Our experiments showed that at a glycine (Gly)/NaOH ratio of 2:1 or 3:1, the solution pH values during the CO₂ absorption and conversion were about 8–9 at 60 °C, while at a ratio of 1:1, the solution pH values were about 9–11; without Gly, the solution pH values were about 12. Gly-optimized solvent substantially reduced corrosion risk to reactors. In addition, the use of amino acid (i.e., Gly) led to much smaller CaCO₃ particles, distinctly different chemical phases, and fundamentally different chemical reactions. Moreover, in the presence of Gly, the solution pH was completely reversed and the solution was regenerated for cyclic use when CaO was added. The solvent was recyclable and reusable, highlighting the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of this approach. The Gly-modulated CaCO₃ nanoparticles may have significant potential for industrial applications in the biomedicine, construction, plastics, and rubber industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 104439"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofuel production from microalgae grown under mixotrophic and stress conditions","authors":"Meshayil M. Alsolmi ,&nbsp;Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar ,&nbsp;Kawthar A.E. Turdi ,&nbsp;Abrar M. Alhumairi ,&nbsp;Amna A. Saddiq ,&nbsp;Ragaa A. Hamouda","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy plays a vital role in populations' daily lives around the world. Local communities, industries, and transportation systems depend on the continuous availability of energy that is often derived from fuel-based sources. Meanwhile, the increasing depletion of fuel resources poses a global challenge. Green microalgae offer a promising solution, as they can grow under both mixotrophic and autotrophic conditions. This study aimed to explore the potential of the microgreen alga <em>Scenedesmus obliquus</em> cultivated under mixotrophic conditions, using seawater supplemented with BG11 medium. The Face-centered Central Composite Design (FCCCD) was employed to optimize the conditions for algal biomass production, lipid production, Chl a and Chl b content. The experimental design consisted of 20 runs, evaluating the effects of varying concentrations of glucose (0, 2, and 4 g/L), glycerol (0, 2, and 4 g/L), and natural seawater (0, 20, and 40 %). The results showed that the highest dry weight (9.72 g/L) and lipid content (34.69 %) were achieved under conditions of 4 g/L glycerol and 4 g/L glucose without seawater. Based on the desirability function, the predicted optimal conditions for maximum lipid production (34.7 %) were 3.99 g/L glucose, 3.51 g/L glycerol, and 0.011 % seawater. The predicted optimal conditions for maximum dry weight (9.72 g/L) were 3.44 g/L glucose, 3.98 g/L glycerol, and 0.27 % seawater. The GC-Ms analysis was used to evaluate the lipid profile for potential biofuel production. The analysis revealed differences in the fatty acid composition of algae grown with and without seawater supplementation. Specifically, algae cultivated in seawater produced higher levels of monounsaturated fatty acids than those cultivated without seawater. These findings demonstrate that <em>Scenedesmus obliquus</em> can be effectively cultivated under mixotrophic conditions for biodiesel production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 104438"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}