Environmental Technology & Innovation最新文献

{"title":"Detoxification of asbestos-containing waste using thermal-chemical treatment for cement production","authors":"Cho-I Wang ,&nbsp;Yi-Chin Cho ,&nbsp;Yi-Pin Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Harmful asbestos-containing waste is generated during old building demolition. This study aims to develop a thermal-chemical treatment method to detoxify asbestos-containing waste and explore the potential use of detoxified asbestos-containing waste for cement production. Four weak acids including acetic acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, and oxalic acid were employed under different temperatures, reaction times, and solid-to-liquid ratios for the removal of chrysotile, the major asbestos, in asbestos-containing waste. The optimal treatment condition for complete chrysotile removal was: 1 M oxalic acid, 200 °C, 2 hr and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 150 g/L. The estimated cost excluding capital and manpower investments was 100.7 USD /ton and the associated carbon emission was 113.68 kgCO₂e/ton, which were highly attractive compared to traditional solidification and landfill disposal. The addition of 5 % detoxified asbestos-containing waste did not alter the properties of cement raw materials or clinker. The initial setting time of cement mortars and the compressive strength of final cement products did not show significant differences from those of regular ones. The proposed thermal-chemical treatment can detoxify asbestos-containing waste for beneficial reuse, offering a sustainable way for asbestos-containing waste management and resource recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 104437"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative analysis of soil-microbe-metabolite interactions in urban forests","authors":"Wei Xing ,&nbsp;Sumei Qiu ,&nbsp;Liwen Li ,&nbsp;Runyang Zhou ,&nbsp;Dongmei He ,&nbsp;Xin Wan ,&nbsp;Yingdan Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban forests, are essential components of urban ecological infrastructure and play a vital role in providing various ecosystem services. However, the long-term stability of these services is threatened by a limited understanding of the complex interactions among soil properties, microbial communities, and rhizosphere metabolites. This study aimed to elucidate the variations in soil factors, microbial communities, and rhizosphere metabolites across different forest stands and seasons within urban ecosystems and to identify the key regulators of metabolite accumulation. This study was conducted in the Zhuyu Bay Scenic Area in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China and involved six distinct forest stands: mixed pine and cypress forest, <em>Metasequoia glyptostroboides</em>, <em>Cornus officinalis</em>, mixed broad-leaved shrub forest, mixed broad-leaved tree forest, and bamboo forest. Seasonal and stand-specific differences were observed in the soil properties, microbial communities, and rhizosphere metabolites. Actinobacteria (bacteria) and Ascomycota (fungi) exhibited significant differences among the forest stands, with lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic oxygen compounds, and organic acids and their derivatives being the most abundant metabolites. Partial least squares path model analysis indicated that among the various factors, soil physicochemical properties had the most significant impact on metabolite composition (0.617). In terms of microbial communities, bacterial diversity positively influenced metabolite composition (0.037), whereas fungal composition had the most substantial negative impact (−0.090). Correlation analysis further revealed that naringenin 1, a crucial intermediate in flavonoid synthesis, was positively correlated with Poribacteria, suggesting that Poribacteria play a key driver in flavonoid accumulation. These findings have significant practical implications. This study provides scientific support for optimizing urban forest management by highlighting the importance of maintaining healthy soil. Identifying key microbial groups and metabolites offers targets for enhancing the ecological functions of urban forests, including carbon sequestration and pollutant degradation. Moreover, this study addresses a research gap regarding the dynamics of bulk soil and rhizosphere metabolites in urban forests, paving the way for future research into ecosystem stability and sustainable urban development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 104435"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced arsenic stabilization via halloysite-supported iron oxide nanoreactors for sustainable environmental remediation","authors":"Yan-Qing Liu ,&nbsp;Kai Liu ,&nbsp;Mirezhatijiang Kayoumu ,&nbsp;Ze-Wen Wang ,&nbsp;Jin-Man Cao ,&nbsp;Ran Li ,&nbsp;Gui-Lan Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron-based materials for arsenic (As) immobilization suffer from low adsorption capacity and instability under dynamic conditions. To address these limitations, we developed iron oxide-functionalized halloysite nanotube (Fe-HNT) nanoreactors by confining iron oxide nanoparticles within halloysite nanotube (HNT) lumens for enhanced As stabilization. Fe-HNT exhibits exceptional As stabilization ability, outperforming conventional nZVI-HNT and Phoslock in both aqueous and soil systems. Moreover, the encapsulation of Fe oxides within HNT's lumen enhanced Fe-HNT's resistance to environmental interference by approximately 40 % compared to conventional materials. Notably, Fe-HNT demonstrated exceptional long-term stability of As immobilization, retaining &gt; 96 % As(III) and &gt; 82 % As(V) immobilization efficiency and excellent acid corrosion resistance after five acid rain leaching (pH 3.2) and dry-wet cycles. Life cycle assessment confirmed Fe-HNT's reduced environmental burdens, with significant mitigation of impacts on human health damage, ecosystem quality degradation, and resource scarcity depletion relative to nZVI-HNT and Phoslock. This work provides fundamental insights into nanoconfinement engineering of clay-based reactors and advances the development of sustainable remediation technologies for As contamination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 104434"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microalgae consortium for the treatment of pig slaughterhouse wastewater: A biorefinery approach","authors":"Johanna Medrano Barboza ,&nbsp;Paula Estrada Donoso ,&nbsp;Miguel Martínez-Fresneda Mestre ,&nbsp;Javier Martínez Gómez ,&nbsp;Rosalía Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Victoria Morales","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the use of pig slaughterhouse wastewater (PSWW) as a culture medium for a microalgal consortium composed of <em>Scenedesmus</em> sp. and <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em>, cultivated for 13 days in flat photobioreactors under the atmospheric conditions of Quito. The aim was twofold: to assess the bioremediation potential of the system and to evaluate biomass production for energetic valorization. Daily sampling was conducted to monitor the removal of key physicochemical parameters from the wastewater. Following cultivation, the harvested biomass was processed for lipid and free fatty acid (FFA) extraction, as well as for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production. The system achieved removal efficiencies of 91.72 % for total nitrogen (TN), 61.93 % for total phosphorus (TP), and 81.71 % for total organic carbon (TOC). Biomass concentration reached 0.52 g/L, with a specific productivity of 0.077 d⁻¹ . Lipid and FFA contents of 24.88 % and 33.54 %, respectively, were obtained from dry biomass using methylcyclohexane as the extracting solvent. FAME production reached 56.64 %, with values approaching international biodiesel quality standards. These results demonstrate the potential of microalgal consortia for effective PSWW treatment and biomass valorization. The proposed approach offers a promising alternative within the framework of microalgae-based biorefineries, integrating wastewater remediation with the sustainable production of biofuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 104433"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano chitosan to sludge ratio modulates fouling mitigation in electric field-assisted membrane bioreactors","authors":"Farahnaz Karamouz ,&nbsp;Hossein Hazrati ,&nbsp;Ali Baradar Khoshfetrat","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane fouling poses a significant challenge in applying membrane bioreactors (MBRs), despite advantages of the MBRs, such as superior effluent quality, energy efficiency, and compact design for wastewater treatment. This study explores the relationship between nano chitosan-sludge ratios and fouling control, presenting innovative solutions to this issue. The laboratory-scale aerobic electric field-assisted MBR (E-MBR) consisted of four electrodes (two pairs of stainless steel plates) submerged in the mixed liquor of a flat membrane bioreactor were used. Various chitosan-sludge ratios (0, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 g/L) were tested with a solid retention time (SRT) of 25 days and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 h. Long-term experiments revealed that a nano chitosan dosage of 0.3 g/L (E-MBR0.3) was the optimal configuration, achieving an impressive 100 % membrane recovery ratio after 62 days of operation. This approach successfully eliminated pore blockages caused by small sludge particles, decreased the concentrations of proteins and humic acids, and improved effluent quality. E-MBR0.3 enhanced the performance index by 79 % compared to the control MBR while displaying minimal fouling and a favorable sludge particle size distribution. The results underline the economic and operational advantages of reduced cleaning frequency and maintenance, paving the way for cost-effective and sustainable wastewater treatment. By leveraging the synergistic effects of electric fields and appropriate nano chitosan concentration, this study establishes a new benchmark for advancing MBR technology, offering robust solutions to address water scarcity and environmental challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 104418"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation of thermal hydrolysis-anaerobic digestion leachate for enhanced cultivation of Galdieria sulphuraria","authors":"Wenjia Liu ,&nbsp;Xiru Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuting Yin ,&nbsp;Bowen Chen ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Guo ,&nbsp;Zhibin Wang ,&nbsp;Guoliang Liu ,&nbsp;Huihua Du","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal hydrolysis technology is widely used to pretreat sewage sludge prior to anaerobic digestion. However, the wastewater produced after thermal hydrolysis-anaerobic digestion process, or thermal hydrolysis-anaerobic digestion leachate (TH-ADL), contains higher concentrations potentially inhibitory complex macromolecular organic compounds. To overcome microalgal growth inhibition caused by refractory organics in full-strength TH-ADL, a novel strategy was developed by integrating heterogeneous catalytic ozonation of effluents prior to mixotrophic cultivation of <em>Galdieria sulphuraria</em> (<em>G. sulphuraria</em>). This study investigated the combined use of catalytic ozonation pretreatment and thermophilic and acidophilic <em>G. sulphuraria</em> cultivation to achieve efficient remediation of TH-ADL. The results demonstrated that catalytic ozonation effectively reduced macromolecular organic compounds and chromaticity of TH-ADL, promoting microalgae growth. Under mixotrophic cultivation with glucose supplementation, the microalgal biomass reached 3.46 g/L, with chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH₄⁺ , and PO₄³⁻ removal efficiency of 31.5 %, 48.8 %, and 99.1 %, respectively. Supplementing with phosphate to optimize the N/P mass ratio further increased the microalgal biomass to 4.25 g/L, achieving 66.9 % COD removal and 53.0 % NH₄⁺ recovery. <em>G. sulphuraria</em> biomass accumulation in catalytically ozonated unsterilized TH-ADL effectively exhibited an inhibitory effect on heterotrophic competitors (e.g., Proteobacteria) ensuring effluent biosafety compliance. This study provides a cost-effective solution for full-strength TH-ADL treatment without dilution, with potential for industrial-scale nutrient recycling. Additional research is needed to explore catalytic ozonation mechanisms, optimize microalgal cultivation conditions, and enhance nutrient recovery to further improve wastewater treatment efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 104419"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenol adsorption performance by bamboo activated carbon produced using fabricated two-in-one carbonization activation pilot reactor","authors":"Mariam Jamilah Mohd Fairus ,&nbsp;Mohamad Faizal Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Nahrul Hayawin Zainal ,&nbsp;Suraini Abd-Aziz ,&nbsp;Lai-Yee Phang","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phenol contamination from industrial effluents poses significant risks to ecosystems and human health. The permissible limit for phenol levels in wastewater sets by the Malaysia Environmental Quality Act of 1974 is 1 mg L⁻¹ (Standard B). Therefore, this study produced bamboo activated carbon (BAC) using a pilot-scale of two-in-one carbonization and activation reactor and tested for phenol removal. BAC was carbonized at 500°C for 2 h, followed by physical activation at 800°C for 2 h. The resulting BAC demonstrated a remarkable surface area of 1018 m² g⁻¹ , a high microporosity exceeding 80 %, and a minor presence of mesoporosity with a pore diameter of 2.08 nm. These characteristics greatly enhanced phenol removal, with BAC achieving over 90 % removal within 15 min at 0.4 g dosage, whereas commercial BAC reached only 82.4 % at the same dosage after 60 min. Additionally, BAC remained effective across a wide pH range of 2–10. The adsorption followed pseudo-first-order kinetics (R² = 0.9995, <em>χ</em>² = 0.0049) and multilayer adsorption as per the Freundlich isotherm model (R² = 0.9588, <em>χ</em>² = 0.9119). These results demonstrate the high potential of BAC produced from this reactor for effective phenol removal, with potential applications for other pollutants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 104427"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging indigenous Bacillus consortia for heavy oil biodegradation and soil bioremediation","authors":"Huihui Zhu ,&nbsp;Lu Ren ,&nbsp;Huizhen Yang ,&nbsp;Junhui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fast biodegradation of heavy oil contaminants remains a major challenge in the bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil. The use of bacterial consortia containing <em>Bacillus</em> species is a promising strategy for cleaning up contaminated soil. The aim of this study was to develop heavy oil-degrading indigenous bacterial consortia and evaluate their biodegradation performance and bioremediation potential. Four heavy oil-degrading <em>Bacillus</em> strains (designated S1 to S4) were isolated and screened out from oilfield wastewater and oil sludge samples collected in the Karamay Oilfield in Xinjiang, China. S1 was tentatively identified as <em>B. halotolerans</em>, S2 and S6 as <em>B. subtilis</em>, and S4 as <em>B. paralicheniformis</em>. Five consortia were developed through free combination of the four strains. Two consortia (S1 +S2 +S4 and S1 +S2 +S6) showed high efficiencies of heavy oil degradation and heavy metal extraction. Up to 34.5 % of heavy oil was degraded using bacterial consortia after 30 days, which was notably higher than the maximum efficiency of single strains (20 %). The greatest extraction efficiencies of bacterial consortia for iron (87.9 %), vanadium (46.0 %), and nickel (60.0 %) were greater than those of single strains (72.7 %, 31.6 %, and 56.2 %, respectively). In a simulated bioremediation experiment, up to 35.3 % of total petroleum hydrocarbons were from oil sludge using bacterial consortia, with particularly high efficiencies for long-chain <em>n-</em>alkanes (C₂₀–C₂₆: 59.1 %; C₂₈–C₃₂: 61.1 %). This study demonstrates the outstanding performance of indigenous <em>Bacillus</em> consortia in degrading heavy oil and petroleum hydrocarbons in oil sludge, with great application potential for soil bioremediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 104415"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An adaptive control portable air water generator powered by solar photovoltaic","authors":"Mashhood Hasan ,&nbsp;Abdullateef H. Bashiri ,&nbsp;Ali Ahmed Alqudaihi","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work develops an adaptive control portable air-water generator (AWG) powered by a solar photovoltaic system to resolve water scarcity in remote areas. An AWG extracts water from humid air, which contains a mixture of gases and water. Water is extracted from humid air using a condensation process. The design materials for the proposed models include a solar PV module, a DC heater, a heat sink, a DC brushless fan, and an intelligent controller programmed in C+ + to optimize the water extraction process. A feed-forward incremental conductance (FFINC) control technique extracts maximum power from the solar PV module. It pulses the DC-DC zeta converter at maximum power, and the output is controlled using the converter's duty cycle. It charges the 12 V battery at a constant voltage, supplying energy to the DC heater. Additionally, a small DC heater with a 4-ampere, 12-volt is designed using a ceramic plate and tungsten conducting material. It generates heat on the surface of the ceramic plate, which is then transferred to the heat sink. Meanwhile, the fan extracts humid air to cool the surface of the heat sink. When moist air strikes the surface of the heat sink without colliding with the nearest particles, it condenses the water molecules on the surface of the heat sink, and they eventually drain into the vessel. Moreover, it presents a cost-benefit analysis of one liter of water and the performance of an intelligent controller, utilizing MATLAB/SIMULINK and a hardware model, which provides the trade-off value of the proposed model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 104410"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycling lead paste from lead-acid batteries through ammonium bicarbonate derived from carbon dioxide in flue gases: A pilot test in an actual factory","authors":"Yu-Lun Tseng ,&nbsp;Meng-Dan Ling ,&nbsp;Chung-Shin Yuan ,&nbsp;Wen-Hsi Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recycling of scrapped lead-acid batteries have been a primary source of secondary lead. With the increasing depletion of lead mines and the rise in lead consumption, recycling the scrapped lead-acid batteries has become an inevitable trend. Among the components of scrapped lead-acid batteries, lead paste including lead sludge and lead sand is the most complex. Ammonium bicarbonate (NH₄HCO₃) was employed as a desulfurizer to convert lead sulfate (PbSO₄) to lead carbonate (PbCO₃). The advantages of this innovative technology include high purity of lead ingots, low energy consumption, and minimal odorous pollution and corrosion risks. Notably, NH₄HCO₃ can be regenerated by absorbing CO₂ from the flue gases using NH₄OH, which could also reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the secondary lead manufacturing processes. The optimal parameters for the desulfurization of lead paste were obtained from this study as follows: a mass ratio of NH₄HCO₃ and lead paste of 1:2, 15 % simulated CO₂ with a sampling flowrate of 3 L/min, an absorption time of 60 min, and a stirring speed of 150 rpm. Under the operating conditions, the desulfurization efficiency (DSE) for lead sludge reached 94.7 %, while the DSE for lead sand was 87.8 %. Based on the optimal operational parameters, a pilot plan was implemented at a scrapped lead-acid battery recycling plant. The cost-benefit analysis of the actual operation revealed that the desulfurization processes using NH₄HCO₃ increased lead ingot yield and enabled the desulfurization trial at the factory to break even.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 104408"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}