Environmental Control in Biology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Citric Acid on the Organogenesis of <i>Cymbidium floribundum</i>","authors":"Anjum Ferdous ONA, Kazuhiko SHIMASAKI","doi":"10.2525/ecb.61.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ecb.61.69","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the effects of citric acid (CA) on organogenesis from protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Cymbidium floribundum to determine the appropriate concentration of CA for organogenesis. Explants were cultured in modified MS media supplemented with various concentrations of CA and maintained at 25±1℃ and a 24 h light period for 9 weeks. Addition of 0.1 g/L CA in modified MS media partially reduced the browning intensity in the cultured PLBs, which significantly increased PLB formation, shoot formation from the PLBs, and root formation from the shoots. More than 0.1 g/L CA in modified MS media increased the browning intensity in cultured PLBs. We concluded that CA can effectively control the browning problem in PLB culture of C. floribundum, and addition of 0.1 g/L CA in modified MS media was optimum for organogenesis.","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136152743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conjugation of Glucaric Acid in Comparison to Quinic Acid by Caffeic Acid Allows for Enhanced Metabolite Diversification in Bush Tea (<i>Athrixia phylicoides</i> DC.) Extracts Post UV Light Exposure","authors":"Maanea Lonia RAMPHINWA, Ainamensa Richard Godwin MCHAU, Ntakadzeni Edwin MADALA, Fhatuwani Nixwell MUDAU","doi":"10.2525/ecb.61.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ecb.61.73","url":null,"abstract":"The cultivation of bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC.) has been shown to be affected by light availability which has encouraged the use of different net shading to filter the amount of light on the plant. The objective of this study was to enhance the levels of caffeoyl-D-glucaric acid derivatives through UV induced geometrical isomerization. Bush tea methanolic leaf extracts were placed under UV light lamp at 254 nm for the duration of 24 h and new metabolites which formed due to UV exposure were detected through ultra-high-liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-fight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). Hydroxyl-cinnamic acids (HCAs) derivatives have been shown to undergo photoisomerization during post ultra-violet (UV) light exposure, evidenced by the emergence of photo-isomers.","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136152742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Male-Sterile Line of Eggplant Utilizing the Cytoplasm of <i>Solanum aethiopicum</i> Gilo Group","authors":"Md Mizanur Rahim KHAN, Takashi ARITA, Masaki IWAYOSHI, Yuki OGURA-TSUJITA, Shiro ISSHIKI","doi":"10.2525/ecb.61.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ecb.61.63","url":null,"abstract":"In order to develop a male sterile eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), cytoplasm substitution lines of eggplant were produced by continuous backcrossing using Solanum aethiopicum L. Gilo Group (i.e. S. gilo Raddi.) as cytoplasm donor and eggplant as nucleus donor. In the interspecific F1 hybrids between S. aethiopicum Gilo Group and eggplant ‘Uttara’ and ‘Senryo nigo,’ only the F1, whose paternal parent is ‘Senryo nigo’ was able to make BC1. After the BC1, ‘Uttara’ was used as a recurrent pollen parent to grow up to BC5. The pollen staining ability decreased as the backcrossing generation progressed and completely disappeared in the BC4 and BC5. The highest percentage of fruit set was observed in the BC5 with about 69%. The number of seeds per fruit was observed in BC4 and BC5 was relatively high. These indicate that the cytoplasm of S. aethiopicum Gilo Group has no notable negative effect on the seed fertility of S. melongena. Analyses of chloroplast DNA and mitochondrial DNA of the BC5 confirmed that all backcross progenies had the cytoplasm from S. aethiopicum Gilo Group. A new male sterile line of eggplant could be developed by utilizing the cytoplasm of S. aethiopicum Gilo Group.","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136152755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postharvest Shelf-life Extension of Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus L.) by Aloe vera Gel Coating Enriched with Basil Essential Oil","authors":"L. Mohammadi, H. H. Khankahdani, F. Tanaka, Fumihiko Tanaka","doi":"10.2525/ECB.59.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.59.87","url":null,"abstract":"Well-known characteristics of edible mushrooms are their strong nutritional and medicinal properties which help developing the immune system regulation. Mushroom contains low calorie and little fat and offers lots of fiber, amino acid, potassium, vitamins, iron, and even a protein. As a result, dietitians recommend mushroom as an ingredient in a healthy basket food. White button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus L.) are the most common typical example of mushrooms with unique flavor. They exhibit superior free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities (Valverde et al., 2015; Muszyńska et al., 2017; Nasiri et al., 2018). However, due to the absence of cuticle which protects them from physical or microbial attacks, mushrooms have a short life span (Gholami et al., 2019). The short shelf life of mushrooms, typically 1–3 days at ambient and 8 days under refrigeration condition, limits their shipping and marketing potential (Qin et al., 2015). Thus, it is trivial that the extension of shelf life of fresh mushrooms, while preserving their quality, is desirable to export/ import grocery companies (Jiang et al., 2013). Serious problems contribute to the postharvest deterioration of mushroom such as browning, moisture loss, softening, and high respiration rate (Zhang et al., 2020). The application of edible coatings has received attention as an effective way to extend the shelf life of fresh products. The edibles coating limit gaseous exchange and moisture loss through fruit and atmosphere by providing an external protective thin layer on the surface and maintain the fruit quality (Thakur et al., 2018; Mohammadi et al., 2021). A. vera gel as a natural edible coating has been recently developed in food productions and pharmaceutical industries due to antimicrobial activity, biochemical and biodegradability properties. Polysaccharide has been found to be able to control these activities (Sánchez-Machado et al., 2017; Jiwanit et al., 2018). A. vera gel contains high polysaccharides and soluble sugars with low lipid contents (0.07–0.42%). It is reported that coating contained both polysaccharide and lipid form more effective barrier to moisture loss and gas permeability compared to polysaccharide-based alone (Hassan et al., 2018; Tzortzakis et al., 2019). Basil essential oil is well known as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial additive, which is rich in lipid compound and is a good candidate for composition with A. vera gel to reach the coating with high polysaccharidelipid composite coating. Basil plant of Lamiaceae family can grow in various regions with different climates around the world and contain in protein, fatty acid, vitamins, and minerals (Hemalatha et al., 2017; Falowo et al., 2019). The current experiment is carried out to assess the effect of combination of basil oil with A. vera on tissue browning and quality characteristics of button mushroom","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"86 1","pages":"87-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85980861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous Measurement of Greenhouse Ventilation Rate in Summer and Autumn via Heat and Water Vapor Balance Methods","authors":"A. Tusi, T. Shimazu, M. Ochiai, Katsumi Suzuki","doi":"10.2525/ECB.59.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.59.41","url":null,"abstract":"One of the methods of increasing tomato production and quality in a greenhouse is to manage the CO2 concentration at or above the ambient level for supporting photosynthesis. CO2 fertilization enables plants to assimilate CO2 gas with high efficiency (Kuroyanagi et al., 2014) and increases fruit yield (Kimball and Mitchell, 1979; Yelle et al., 1990). Attention has also been focused on a method of applying CO2 to a similar level as the outside air in the greenhouse during the daytime in summer or autumn when the windows are sufficiently opened for temperature control (Ohyama et al., 2005). Furthermore, the continuous measurement of the greenhouse ventilation rate throughout the year allows for the long-term direct monitoring of the canopy photosynthetic rate and CO2 use efficiency using the CO2 balance method (Nederhoff and Vegter, 1994). The ventilation rate is a crucial parameter for heat and gas exchanges in a greenhouse. Ventilation regulates the air temperature and humidity in the greenhouse. Additionally, it influences CO2 concentration, which affects the canopy photosynthetic rate. Various techniques have been used to measure and predict the ventilation rate, such as the tracer gas (TG) method (Boulard and Draoui, 1995; Papadakis et al., 1996; Baptista et al., 1999), heat balance (HB) method (Fernandez and Bailey, 1992; Demrati et al., 2001; Harmanto et al., 2006a), and water vapor balance (WVB) method (Boulard and Draoui, 1995; Harmanto et al., 2006a, 2006b). The TG method has been widely used in greenhouse experiments. The ventilation rate measurement by the TG method is highly reliable in leakage and low ventilation conditions for different types of greenhouse and ventilation configurations (Nederhoff et al., 1985; Baptista et al., 1999; Muñoz et al., 1999; Katsoulas et al., 2006). The TG method exhibits good agreement with an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA), as mentioned by Nederhoff et al. (1985), and with a theoretical model based on pressure difference (Baptista et al., 1999) and wind pressure model approaches (Muñoz et al., 1999). However, in the summer season with the maximum ventilation opening area, the TG method experiences numerous disadvantages in large-scale greenhouses (Demrati et al., 2001). A large amount of CO2 gas must be supplied to maintain the CO2 concentration in a greenhouse higher than outside air for a large window aperture. Moreover, this method is expensive, and the long-term continuous measurement of the ventilation rate is extremely difficult under plant cultivation, where CO2 gas is absorbed. Hence, it may not be possible to use this technique for the continuous monitoring of the ventilation rate in summer and autumn season when windows are fully","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"54 1","pages":"41-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72958493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Different Light Intensities on the Growth and Accumulation of Photosynthetic Products in Panax ginseng C. A. Meyers","authors":"Takanori Kuronuma, Qiyang Wang, Masaya Ando, Hitoshi Watanabe","doi":"10.2525/ecb.58.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ecb.58.131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"93 1","pages":"131-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80499698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Temperature before and after Pollination on Pollen Function in ‘Chanee’ Durian","authors":"N. Kozai, H. Higuchi","doi":"10.2525/ecb.58.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ecb.58.85","url":null,"abstract":"Hand pollination is commonly practiced in commercial durian orchards to guarantee fruit set and production of evenly shaped fruit. Durian flowers usually contain five locules in the ovary, with each holding 5―7 ovules (Kozai et al., 2014a), which develop into seeds. The seeds are concealed by the edible part of durian, called the aril (Enoch, 1980). The presence of seeds affects durian fruit shape, with fruits having a good shape graded as high quality when traded in the market (Tantrakonnsab and Tantrakoonsab, 2018). Artificial hand pollination is therefore important for production and yield. Pollen function is one of the most important factors determining successful fertilization (Dag et al., 2000; Alcaraz et al., 2011; Matsuda et al., 2011; Kozai et al., 2014b; Pham et al., 2015). Fresh pollen germination has been shown to be optimal at 20―25°C in durian (Kozai et al., 2014b). The same study reported that pollen germination decrease differed between two consecutive years under different temperature regimes, with 15°C having no effect observed compared with 20―25°C in the first year, but a decrease observed in the second year. The difference might have resulted from different temperature conditions during flower opening. The pollen material used in their study was collected at 1900 hours from the orchard, when anther dehiscence had completed. Durian flowers begin to open at around 1600 hours followed by anther dehiscence at approximately 1700 hours, with both ending at around 1900 hours. Growers therefore tend to commence hand pollination using fresh pollen at around 1900 hours; hence collection of pollen at 1900 hours in the experiment by Kozai et al. (2014b). However, the effect of temperature conditions on pollen function during flowering is not yet fully understood. Air temperatures start to decrease at around 1600 hours and can drop below 20°C even during the evening time. Thus, to achieve successful fertilization, it is important to understand the effect of ambient temperatures before and during anther dehiscence (1600 to 1900 hours) on subsequent pollen germination. Pollen tube elongation is also an important factor affecting fruit set and quality (Dag et al., 2000; Matcha et al., 2006; Matsuda et al., 2011; Kozai et al., 2014b; Pham et al., 2015). Kozai et al. (2014b) reported a decrease in pollen tube elongation at both low ( 15°C) and high temperatures ( 30°C) in ‘Monthong’ durian. They further revealed that reproductive development in ‘Monthong’ is also sensitive to low temperatures; however, the information on other cultivars is lacking. Most research on durian is conducted using ‘Monthong’ because it is the dominant cultivar in Thailand. Furthermore, although comparisons of fruit setting (Honsho et al., 2004), ovule development (Kozai et al., 2014a), and pollen germination have been carried out between cultivars (Salakpetch et al., 1992), little is known about how pollen tube elongation is affected by temperature. ‘Chanee’ is anoth","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"29 1","pages":"85-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81095559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of Strawberry Plant Growth and Amount of Light Received Using a Depth Sensor","authors":"M. Takahashi, S. Takayama, H. Umeda, C. Yoshida, O. Koike, Y. Iwasaki, W. Sugeno","doi":"10.2525/ecb.58.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ecb.58.31","url":null,"abstract":"In Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, the scale of strawberry cultivation facilities has recently increased and productivity has improved because of various environmental controls. For example, long-day treatment is conducted for promoting leaf growth (Vince-Prue and Guttridge, 1973). Control of atmospheric carbon dioxide, known to increase strawberry yield, is used widely in strawberry cultivation greenhouses (Lieten, 1997; Wada et al., 2010). Temperature management is also important for obtaining high yields of strawberries (Hidaka et al., 2016). On the basis of the environmental information in greenhouses, producers can continuously control the environment. Skilled producers base their cultivation management on a combination of environmental information and plant information obtained from growth surveys. Growth surveys are useful because they quantify and record the growth state of strawberries; however, as the work involved takes time, and the majority of producers judge growth state by plant appearance and they do not keep records. The vegetative and reproductive growth of strawberries both need to be properly controlled, yet experts currently carry out this task based on experience and plant growth data. In Miyagi Prefecture, the management target for strawberry is to obtain a plant height of >25 cm during the winter season by temperature control, fertilizer management, carbon dioxide control and long-day treatment. While plant height is regarded as an index of management because it is easy to measure, this parameter is not sufficient to quantify strawberry vigor. Skilled producers look at the appearance of strawberry plants to assess vigor, and plant height is only an auxiliary indicator. Plant height is usually measured once a week rather than daily. The optimal method for assessing strawberry growth has not yet been determined scientifically and management methods for strawberry plants vary among producers. In addition, inexperienced producers may struggle to perform adequate controls. There is a need for a management technique based on quantitative information. Although data on strawberry plant height is currently used, the amount of data obtained from visual inspection is limited. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method that can easily evaluate the growth of strawberry plants at different times and can accurately quantify their appearance. A technique for acquiring plant data using a three-dimensional (3D) shape sensor has been","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"85 1","pages":"31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90930837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Light Environment on Flower Opening and Water Balance in Cut Rose","authors":"T. Horibe, K. Horie, Mio Kawai, Yuuki Kurachi, Yuuka Watanabe, Maho Makita","doi":"10.2525/ecb.58.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ecb.58.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"3 1","pages":"15-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82121761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant Growth Promotion of Trichoderma virens, Tv911 on Some Vegetables and Its Antagonistic Effect on Fusarium Wilt of Tomato","authors":"Myo Zaw, M. Matsumoto","doi":"10.2525/ecb.58.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ecb.58.7","url":null,"abstract":"Application of synthetic agro-chemicals for plant growth enhancement and weeds, pest and disease control would cause negative impacts on biodiversity, environment and human health (Debenest et al., 2010; Geiger et al., 2010). Accordingly, organic agriculture has become popular with rising trend throughout the world (Willer et al., 2009). Nowadays, many microbial products are available for pest and disease management in crop production (Berg, 2009), and also available for plant growth promotion as a biofertilizer (Rodríguez and Fraga, 1999; Vessey, 2003). The genus Trichoderma (Teleomorph Hypocrea) has attracted an increasing attention and interest because of their economic value, and it is widely used not only as a biocontrol agent especially for soil borne plant pathogenic fungi (Qualhato et al., 2013) but also for enzyme production in industrial usage (Ahamed and Vermette, 2008). Additionally, it has the potential to degrade environmental hazardous chemical residue from the contaminated agricultural soil (Arfarita et al., 2013). Antagonist mechanisms of Trichoderma spp. are competition for nutrient and space, and direct mycoparasitism with antibiosis such as cell wall degrading enzymes to inhibit the growth of plant pathogens (Benítez et al., 2004). Moreover, these species are common and persistent fungi in the rhizosphere soil microbial community in a natural ecosystem (Lidia et al., 2011). Among them, T. harzianum, T. virens, T. asperellum, T. koningii and T. hamatum were colonizing to the roots and rhizosphere and some strains of each species have been identified as a plant growth promoter of the early growth stage of bean plants (Hoyos-Carvajal et al., 2009). Isolates of T. harzianum increased plant height and leaf area of pepper and cucumber seedlings and reduced damping-off disease significantly under commercial growing conditions (Inbar et al., 1994). Isolates of T. virens produced plant growth regulator, the auxin-related compounds, and enhanced biomass and root growth of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings (ContrerasCornejo et al., 2009). The morphological and cultural properties of T. harzianum and T. vriens were not obviously different (Sharma and Singh, 2014), and it can be accurately identified by molecular sequencing of ITS gene (White et al., 1990). In our previous study, several Trichoderma species isolated from waste paper sludge compost abandoned by paper manufacturing company in Saga, Japan during 2014― 2016 were characterized by their paper degradation ability. As the results, these isolates are potentially responsible for production of cellulose degrading enzyme (cellulase) and total crude protein in treated paper wastes (Peng et al., 2016). Remarkably, there is no report concerned to the characterization of Trichoderma spp. derived from such paper sludge compost and possibility of usage of these isolates as a biological resource of plant growth promotion and antagonist of the plant pathogenic fungi. Although, cel-","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"76 1","pages":"7-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83766100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}