Lancet Microbe最新文献

{"title":"The dubious case of Urbanorum: a call to strengthen global pathogen verification mechanisms.","authors":"Jacob van der Ende, Vanessa Dávila Campos, Martin Peter Grobusch, Thomas Hanscheid","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The detection and validation of novel pathogens have become increasingly important, as seen with the emergence of COVID-19 and mpox. Current detection and response capacities, especially in resource-poor regions, are insufficient, highlighting the key role of clinical laboratories. Despite the strides made by national and supranational agencies in targeting viruses and bacteria, parasites have been largely overlooked. The case of Urbanorum, a purportedly novel intestinal parasite reported from South America, illustrates the challenges in validating new pathogens. Compelling microscopic images have fostered belief in the existence and aetiological role of Urbanorum, posing grave challenges for health-care workers with poor parasitological knowledge, who might accept such results at face value and administer unnecessary treatments to affected individuals. Although the number of publications is scarce, these sources present a seemingly credible narrative that spreads through local social media. However, doubts about the existence of Urbanorum persist due to the absence of genetic and molecular analyses and inconsistencies in epidemiological data. This situation exemplifies the need for robust global pathogen verification mechanisms and authoritative guidance from organisations such as the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and WHO to prevent misinformation and aid clinical judgement. A Latin American regional CDC could be instrumental in verifying claims of novel pathogens and providing credible guidance at both local and global levels. This Personal View emphasises the urgent need for enhanced global coordination, improved diagnostic methodologies, and reliable information dissemination to effectively manage threats regarding emerging pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101043"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How can the gut microbiome be targeted to fight multidrug-resistant organisms?","authors":"Benjamin Davido, Blair Merrick, Ed Kuijper, Nicolas Benech, Lena M Biehl, Silvia Corcione","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rise of antimicrobial resistance presents a challenge to public health, undermines the efficacy of antibiotics, and compromises the management of infectious diseases. Gut colonisation by multidrug-resistant organisms, such as multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales and vancomycin-resistant enterococci, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates, as well as health-care costs. Of late, the role of the gut microbiome in combating colonisation by multidrug-resistant organisms, which could precede invasive infection, has garnered interest. Innovative interventions, including faecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, phage therapy, and bacterial consortia, represent potential preventive or therapeutic options to counteract colonisation by multidrug-resistant organisms. In this Personal View, we have synthesised the current findings on these interventions and elucidated their potential as solutions to the crisis of antimicrobial resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101063"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143473344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogen aetiology and risk factors for death among neonates with bloodstream infections at lower-tier South African hospitals: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Susan Meiring, Vanessa Quan, Rudzani Mashau, Olga Perovic, Rindidzani Magobo, Marshagne Smith, Ruth Mpembe, Anne von Gottberg, Linda de Gouveia, Sibongile Walaza, Cheryl Cohen, Constance Kapongo, Cheryl Mackay, Mphekwa Thomas Mailula, Omphile Mekgoe, Lerato Motjale, Rose Phayane, Angela Dramowski, Nelesh P Govender","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infections are among the top causes of neonatal mortality, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of neonates diagnosed with culture-confirmed bloodstream infections at six lower-tier hospitals in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We did a cross-sectional study of culture-confirmed bloodstream infections among neonates (aged 0-27 days) at six lower-tier hospitals in South Africa. Clinical, demographic, and pathogen data from sick, hospitalised neonates were analysed and bloodstream infections were categorised as early-onset sepsis (EOS; 0-2 days of life) or late-onset sepsis (LOS; 3-27 days of life). Incidence of bloodstream infection and crude in-hospital mortality in neonates with bloodstream infection were calculated and factors associated with death were analysed using multivariable logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>From Oct 1, 2019 to Sept 30, 2020, we identified 907 neonatal bloodstream infection episodes. Incidence was 6·4 cases per 1000 patient-days. Most neonates were preterm (median gestation 33 weeks [IQR 29-37]), with 30·5% (n=277) of bloodstream infections classified as EOS and 69·5% (n=630) as LOS. Gram-negative pathogens dominated (63·2% [n=573]), including Klebsiella pneumoniae (25·7% [n=233]) and Acinetobacter baumannii (19·2% [n=174]). Crude in-hospital mortality in neonates with bloodstream infection was 25·5% (n=231), accounting for 21·4% (231 of 1078 cases) of all in-hospital neonatal deaths. Increased all-cause mortality was associated with Gram-negative bloodstream infection (vs Gram-positive pathogens, adjusted odds ratio 3·70 [95% CI 1·46-9·39]; p=0·0059), inborn LOS (vs EOS, 2·42 [1·11-5·29];  p=0·027), preterm birth (5·00 [2·16-11·59]; p=0·0002), and neonatal intensive care unit admission (3·26 [1·51-7·03]; p=0·0026).</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Hospitalised, preterm neonates who developed Gram-negative bloodstream infections had high in-hospital mortality. Many small vulnerable newborns require prolonged stays in lower-tier hospitals and acquire life-threatening bloodstream infection; appropriate resources are needed at this level of care to prevent infections and save lives.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"100989"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A potential mechanism of transplacental transmission of Oropouche virus in pregnancy.","authors":"David A Schwartz, David Baud, Pradip Dashraath","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101083","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101083"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel insights into biosensor-based helminth detection: implications for public health.","authors":"Ashikha Shirin Usman Pp, Durairaj Sekar","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101087"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Need to revisit culture isolation for detecting viraemia.","authors":"Yuki Furuse, Ryo Komorizono, Naoko Fujita","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101080","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101080"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Varied prevalence and asymptomatic carriage of Cryptococcus gattii in the gut of Chinese populations.","authors":"Ziyu Huang, Yunyun Liu, Anna Philips, Fen Zhang, Tao Zuo","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101086","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101086"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerosol transmission risk of mpox relative to COVID-19 and smallpox.","authors":"Fong Yew Leong, Zhengwei Ge, Liang Hui Loo, Siew-Wai Fong, Yun Shan Goh, George Xu, Chang Wei Kang, Judith Chui Ching Wong, Hongying Li, Chin Chun Ooi, Matthew Zirui Tay","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101082","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101082"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wastewater surveillance for early warning of COVID-19 outbreaks in long-term care facilities.","authors":"Yichao Pan, Andi Chen, Ling Chen, Zhijian Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101079"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and immunogenicity of a bivalent Ebola virus and Sudan virus ChAdOx1 vectored vaccine in adults in the UK: an open-label, non-randomised, first-in-human, phase 1 clinical trial.","authors":"Daniel Jenkin, Rebecca Makinson, Helen Sanders, Alexander Sampson, Abigail Platt, Nguyen Tran, Tanya Dinesh, Reece Mabbett, Alison Lawrie, Jack Quaddy, Ian Poulton, Eleanor Berrie, Paola Cicconi, Teresa Lambe","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101022","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Four Orthoebolavirus species can cause Ebola disease, with Ebola virus (species Orthoebolavirus zairense) and Sudan virus (species Orthoebolavirus sudanense) responsible for the majority of outbreaks and cases. No vaccines have been approved against orthoebolaviruses other than Ebola virus. We aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a non-replicating single-adenoviral vaccine (ChAdOx1 biEBOV) encoding both Ebola virus and Sudan virus glycoproteins.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In this open-label, non-randomised, first-in-human, phase 1, dose-escalation clinical trial of ChAdOx1 biEBOV, participants aged 18-55 years without clinically significant medical comorbidities or previous adenovirus vaccine exposure were recruited at a single site (Oxford, UK). Participants were non-randomly enrolled to a low-dose group (5 × 10⁹ viral particles [vp] of ChAdOx1 biEBOV), a medium-dose group (2·5 × 10&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;⁰ vp), and a high-dose group (5 × 10&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;⁰ vp). All doses were administered intramuscularly. After recruitment of all participants, the protocol was amended so that a subgroup from the high-dose group received a second high dose of vaccine 12 weeks after the first dose. Primary outcome measures were assessment of solicited adverse events for 7 days after vaccinations, unsolicited adverse events for 28 days after vaccinations, changes in clinical laboratory measures within 28 days after vaccination, and serious adverse events and adverse events of special interest for the study duration. Secondary outcomes were assessment of humoral and cellular immunity to Ebola virus and Sudan virus glycoprotein. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05079750.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Findings: &lt;/strong&gt;Between Nov 11, 2021, and April 7, 2022, 40 individuals attended the trial screening visit, of whom 26 were enrolled (six in the low-dose group, six in the medium-dose group, and 14 in the high-dose group). Seven participants in the high-dose group received one vaccine dose and seven received two vaccine doses. Local solicited adverse events were reported by 17 (65%) of 26 participants after dose 1 and five (71%) of seven after dose 2. Systemic solicited adverse events were reported by 23 (88%) participants after dose 1 and five (71%) after dose 2. All solicited adverse events were mild or moderate, with no severe events reported. No serious adverse reactions were reported. Unsolicited adverse events related to vaccination were mostly mild or moderate and short-lived, such as joint pain or upper respiratory symptoms. One adverse event of special interest, thrombocytopenia, occurred transiently in one participant in the high-dose group. Rapidly resolving lymphopenia was common at the early post-vaccination timepoint. A single 5 × 10&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;⁰ vp dose vaccination elicited seropositivity to Ebola virus in 14 (100%) participants in the high-dose group and elicited seropositivity to Sudan virus in 12 (86%) partici","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101022"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}