Lancet Microbe最新文献

{"title":"Infectiousness of raw (unpasteurised) milk from influenza H5N1-infected cows beyond the USA","authors":"AbdulRahman A Saied , Boshra A El-Saeed","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 8","pages":"Article 101107"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping of human monoclonal antibody responses to XBB.1.5 COVID-19 monovalent vaccines: a B cell analysis","authors":"Raianna F Fantin PhD , Jordan J Clark PhD , Hallie Cohn BA , Deepika Jaiswal PhD , Bailey Bozarth BS , Vishal Rao MSc , Alesandro Civljak MSc , Igor Lobo PhD , Jessica R Nardulli BS , Komal Srivastava MS , Jeremy S Yong MAT , Robert Andreata-Santos PhD , Kaitlyn Bushfield BA , Edward S Lee PhD , Gagandeep Singh PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The rapid emergence of highly transmissible and immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants has required the reformulation of COVID-19 vaccines to target these evolving threats. Although previous infections and booster vaccinations can boost variant neutralisation, it remains uncertain whether monovalent vaccines—delivered via mRNA or protein-based platforms—can trigger novel B-cell responses specific to omicron XBB.1.5 variants. We sought to address this uncertainty by characterising the antibody repertoire of individuals receiving a monovalent booster vaccine.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this observational study, we analysed the genetic antibody repertoire of 603 individual plasmablasts from five individuals (recruited at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, from STUDY-16-01215/IRB-16-00971 and STUDY-20-00442/IRB-20-03374) vaccinated with a monovalent XBB.1.5 vaccine, either through mRNA (Moderna or Pfizer–BioNTech; participants 1, 2, and 3) or adjuvanted protein (Novavax; participants 4 and 5) platforms. Before XBB.1.5 booster vaccination, all participants received mRNA-based priming and booster vaccine with ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and four of the five participants had a breakthrough omicron variant infection. We expressed 100 human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs; 50 from participants 1, 2, and 3, and 50 from participants 4 and 5) and evaluated their binding and neutralisation against various SARS-CoV-2 variants, including JN.1. We then selected four mAbs for in-vivo protection experiments by passive immunisation and viral challenge, and cryo-electron microscopy with two selected mAbs complexed with the XBB.1.5 spike (S) protein to determine their structures and binding interactions.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Between October and November, 2023, we enrolled three male and two female participants (mean age 46 years) all of whom were White. We identified 21 binding mAbs and tested their neutralisation capacity against ancestral SARS-CoV-2, XBB.1.5, and JN.1. From the six neutralising mAbs we characterised, we selected three (M2, M27, and M39) for in-vivo protection studies, along with one broadly binding antibody (M15), finding that three neutralising mAbs offered full protection against morbidity from XBB.1.5. M27 also displayed robust protection against the ancestral and JN.1 strains, and M39 offered partial protection from JN.1. Among these, we identified two standout antibodies: M2 and M39. M2 was uniquely specific to XBB.1.5, and M39 demonstrated the ability to bind and neutralise both XBB.1.5 and JN.1 strains. Using high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy, we mapped the binding sites of M2 and M39 on the XBB.1.5 S glycoprotein, uncovering the precise molecular interactions that dictate their specificity.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Our findings offer key molecular insights into whether strain-specific boosters elicit sufficient protection against SARS-CoV-2 em","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 8","pages":"Article 101103"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovating the future of science: inspiring trainees on different career paths in infectious diseases","authors":"Nicole Kilian , Liza Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 8","pages":"Article 101127"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universal versus targeted chlorhexidine and mupirocin decolonisation and clinical and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus epidermidis bloodstream infections in patients in intensive care in Scotland, UK: a controlled time-series and longitudinal genotypic study","authors":"Sara Sharaf MSc , Timothy Lawes MSc , Deon Roos PhD , Ijeoma Okoliegbe PhD , Susanth Alapati MSc , Antonio Ribeiro PhD , Istifanus Nkene PhD , Daniele Ghezzi PhD , Stuart J Reid MSc , Victoria Austin PhD , Dolapo Ayansina PhD , Becky Wilson FRCPath , Tanzeel Rehman BMS , Benjamin J Parcell MD , Ian Mellor FFICM , Charis A Marwick PhD , Prof Marco Oggioni MD , Prof Karolin Hijazi PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There are concerns that biocide skin and mucous membrane decolonisation, which is widely used to prevent health-care-associated infections in intensive care units (ICUs), might select for multidrug-resistant pathogens. We aimed to evaluate the effects of de-escalating from universal to targeted skin and nasal decolonisation on <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em> bloodstream infections (SE-BSI).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We did a retrospective, before-after-control-impact time-series analysis and longitudinal genotypic study in two ICUs with divergent decolonisation practice in tertiary care hospitals of adjacent health boards in Scotland, UK. Participants were aged at least 16 years and admitted between July 1, 2009, and Feb 28, 2022. There were no exclusion criteria for the study. In ICU one (intervention site) universal decolonisation in all admissions was de-escalated to targeted decolonisation of meticillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) carriers on Feb 1, 2019, while in ICU two (control site) targeted decolonisation was applied throughout. We collected bloodstream infection data from all causes, including clinically significant SE-BSI. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was used to define meticillin-resistant <em>S epidermidis</em> (MRSE) and chlorhexidine susceptibility. We used multilocus sequence typing to identify sequence types from archived SE-BSI isolates. Whole-genome sequencing was applied to a sample from ICU one. The primary outcomes were incidence densities of all bloodstream infections, SE-BSI, and meticillin-resistant <em>S epidermidis</em> bloodstream infections (MRSE-BSI), and the percentage probability that SE-BSI were MRSE-BSI. The effects of de-escalation on primary outcomes were estimated by differences between the intervention and control sites, before and after de-escalation, using a before-after-control-impact time-series design. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of multidrug resistant sequence types, carriage of mobile genetic elements and genes for multidrug resistance and biofilm production.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Between July 1, 2009, and Feb 28, 2022, <em>S epidermidis</em> was identified in 334 (45%) of 735 bloodstream infections in ICU one, of which 197 occurred before the de-escalation intervention in Feb 1, 2019, and <em>S epidermidis</em> was identified in 167 (60%) of 278 bloodstream infections in ICU two. There was no increase in all bloodstream infection incidence coinciding with de-escalation in ICU one, whereas MRSE-BSI incidence declined significantly from 10·4 cases per 1000 occupied bed days (OBDs; 95% credible interval [CrI] 7·2–15·4) to 4·3 cases per 1000 OBDs (2·5–6·7), as did the percentage probability of MRSE (from 89·2%, 95% CrI 77·8–96·5 to 56·7%, 34·3–77·5%). No significant changes in the primary outcomes were seen in ICU two. MRSE-BSI incidence density was positively associated with chlorhexidine use, but not m","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 8","pages":"Article 101118"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triazole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in the Netherlands between 1994 and 2022: a genomic and phenotypic study","authors":"Prof Yinggai Song MD , Jochem B Buil MD , Johanna Rhodes PhD , Jan Zoll PhD , Marlou Tehupeiory-Kooreman MSc , Mehmet Ergün MD , Jianhua Zhang PhD , Prof Ruoyu Li MD , Thijs Bosch PhD , Willem J G Melchers PhD , Prof Paul E Verweij MD","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em> is the main cause of invasive aspergillosis and triazole antifungals are the primary treatment option. The effectiveness of triazole therapy is hampered by the emergence of resistance, mainly caused by mutations in the <em>cyp51A</em> gene and a tandem repeat (TR) of 34 bases (TR<sub>34</sub>/Leu98His) and 46 bases (TR<sub>46</sub>/Tyr121Phe/Thr289Ala) in the promoter region, which correspond with signature triazole resistance phenotypes. We aimed to investigate the occurrence of triazole phenotype and genotype variation over a 29-year period in the Netherlands.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this genomic and phenotypic study, we screened all clinical <em>A fumigatus</em> isolates from Dutch hospitals collected between Jan 6, 1994, and Dec 31, 2022, for resistance to triazole using agar-based methods, and characterised them by sequencing the <em>cyp51A</em> gene and in vitro susceptibility testing using the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing reference method. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on selected isolates, including those harboring TR<sub>34</sub> variants, high-frequency single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and wild-type strains. Clinical information such as age, underlying disease, diagnosis, therapy, and outcomes was collected for patients who had isolates cultured at the Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands, between Jan 1, 2017, and Dec 31, 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>1979 (15·6%) of the screened 12 679 <em>A fumigatus</em> isolates harboured <em>cyp51A</em> triazole resistance mutations, predominately TR<sub>34</sub>/Leu98His sensu stricto in 1338 (67·6%) resistant isolates and TR<sub>46</sub>/Tyr121Phe/Thr289Ala sensu stricto in 332 (16·8%) resistant isolates. Phenotype and genotype variations were observed in 325 (17·2%) triazole resistant isolates harbouring a TR-resistance mechanism, including 12 <em>cyp51A</em> genotype variants. Whole-genome sequencing showed that isolates with combinations of TR<sub>34</sub>-based and TR<sub>46</sub>-based polymorphisms seemed to be derived from separate populations, but there was some overlap. 59 cases of proven or probable invasive aspergillosis were identified, including 13 triazole-resistant cases, of which three were caused by genotype variants. Mixed genotype infection was observed in 11 (84·6%) of 13 triazole-resistant patients and the number of antifungal treatment switches was higher compared with triazole-susceptible disease (p<0·0001).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Our study showed variation in triazole genotypes and phenotypes in clinical <em>A fumigatus</em> isolates with cyp51A-mediated resistance, some of which were cultured from triazole-resistant invasive aspergillosis cases. Triazole resistance variation and mixed <em>A fumigatus</em> genotypes represent a major challenge in clinical management of <em>Aspergillus</em> diseases becau","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 8","pages":"Article 101114"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144620797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of H5N1 2.3.4.4b sublineage origins and K193 and N193 prevalence in human isolates","authors":"Amir Ghaemi , Nader Ebrahimi","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 8","pages":"Article 101112"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rapid, reliable, and revolutionary dual-path platform assay: a paradigm in typhoid diagnosis","authors":"Rajesh Kanna Gopal , Pitchaipillai Sankar Ganesh , Naji Naseef Pathoor , Akshaya Viswanathan","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 8","pages":"Article 101108"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eradication efficacy and the effect of vonoprazan–amoxicillin dual therapy on gut microbiota and antibiotic resistome","authors":"Kai Zhou , Zhiqiang Song","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101116","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 8","pages":"Article 101116"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A global partnership to advance the microbiome in human, plant, animal, and planetary health","authors":"Lita M Proctor , Joel Dore , Emmanuelle Maguin , Kristin Wannerberger , Claude Vincent","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101120","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 8","pages":"Article 101120"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"M1 and done? Global assessment of the invasive potential of group A streptococcal strains","authors":"Gabrielle de Crombrugghe , Lionel Schiavolin , Joshua Osowicki , Andrew C Steer , Anne Botteaux , Pierre R Smeesters","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 8","pages":"Article 101123"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}