Lancet Microbe最新文献

{"title":"US recklessness in the face of pandemic risk","authors":"The Lancet Microbe","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 3","pages":"Article 101109"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143473345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New developments in hepatitis C virus research in Benin for its elimination","authors":"Ziyi Wang , Lei Zhang , Jun Li , Yaling Li","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 3","pages":"Article 101023"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey and control of antimicrobial resistance: need for pragmatic options in low-resource settings","authors":"Selam Bogale Gissa , Soliyana Dejene Zewdie , Ayelign Derebe Kindie , Behailu Tsegaye Mugoro , Thor-Henrik Henriksen","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 3","pages":"Article 101021"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to Lancet Microbe 2024; 5: e645–54","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101074","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 3","pages":"Article 101074"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143041680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mpox genomics in outbreak control: challenges and limitations","authors":"Kathryn Edenborough , Ammar Aziz , Nicola Sexton-Oates , Ivana Savic , Eike Steinig , Brendan Quinn , Mihaela Ivan , Alicia Arnott , Leon Caly , Chuan Kok Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100999","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 3","pages":"Article 100999"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a novel malaria anti-sporozoite vaccine candidate, R21 in Matrix-M adjuvant, in the UK and Burkina Faso: two phase 1, first-in-human trials","authors":"Navin Venkatraman MD , Alfred B Tiono PhD , Georgina Bowyer DPhil , Duncan G Bellamy DPhil , Lisa K Stockdale PhD , Jonathan Powlson BSc , Katharine A Collins DPhil , Sam Coulibaly MD , Mehreen S Datoo DPhil , Daniel Silman DPhil , Alphonse Ouedraogo PhD , Issa Nébié PhD , Egeruan B Imoukhuede MD , Florian Brod DPhil , Pedro Folegatti DPhil , Emma Dickinson-Craig MD , Sophie Jamieson BSc , Edith C Bougouma PhD , Daniel Wright DPhil , Amidou Diarra PhD , Prof Adrian V S Hill FRS","doi":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00084-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2666-5247(24)00084-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Malaria remains a substantial public health burden among young children in sub-Saharan Africa and a highly efficacious vaccine eliciting a durable immune response would be a useful tool for controlling malaria. R21 is a malaria vaccine comprising nanoparticles, formed from a circumsporozoite protein and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) fusion protein, without any unfused HBsAg, and is administered with the saponin-based Matrix-M adjuvant. This study aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of the malaria vaccine candidate, R21, administered with or without adjuvant Matrix-M in adults naïve to malaria infection and in healthy adults from malaria endemic areas.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this Article we report two phase 1, first-in-human trials. The first trial was a phase 1a open-label study in the UK evaluating the safety and immunogenicity of R21 administered either alone, or with 50 μg of Matrix-M. The second trial was a phase 1b randomised controlled trial in Burkina Faso. Adults had to be aged 18–50 years for enrolment in the phase 1a trial, and 18–45 years in the phase 1b trial. The phase 1a trial doses were 2 μg, 10 μg, and 50 μg R21/Matrix-M, and 50 μg R21 only. The phase 1b trial doses were 10 μg R21/Matrix-M and saline placebo. Matrix-M was always dosed at 50 μg. Phase 1b implemented block randomisation by randomisation into study groups by an independent statistician based at the University of Oxford using a randomisation code list with allocation concealment using opaque sealed envelopes. The primary objective of the phase 1a trial was to assess the safety and tolerability of R21 with and without Matrix-M. The primary objective of the phase 1b trial was to assess the safety and tolerability of R21 with Matrix-M. Both trials are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, <span><span>NCT02572388</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> for phase 1a and <span><span>NCT02925403</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> for phase 1b, and are completed.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 3, 2017, 31 individuals were enrolled in the phase 1a study. Six individuals were assigned to receive 2 μg R21/Matrix-M, 11 to 10 μg R21/Matrix-M, ten to 50 μg R21/Matrix-M, and four to 50 μg R21 only. Between Aug 26, 2016, and Sept 28, 2017, 13 individuals were enrolled in the phase 1b study. Eight individuals were assigned to receive 10 μg R21/Matrix-M, and five to placebo. Vaccinations were well tolerated, and most local and systemic adverse events were mild. There were no serious adverse events deemed related to vaccination. Two serious adverse events occurred. The first in the 10 μg R21/Matrix-M group was worsening of previously undisclosed or undiagnosed palindromic rheumatism and was deemed unlikely to be related to vaccination and the second in the 2 μg R21/Matrix-M was hospital admission for an unplanned excision of a pre-existing Bartholin’s cyst, also unrelated to vaccination. In ","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 3","pages":"Article 100868"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intersection of artificial intelligence, microbes, and bone and joint infections: a new frontier for improving management outcomes","authors":"Mohamed A Imam , Atef Abdelrahman , Adam Zumla , Rizwan Ahmed , Giovanni Satta , Alimuddin Zumla","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.101008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 3","pages":"Article 101008"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions between live attenuated influenza vaccine and nasopharyngeal microbiota among children aged 24–59 months in The Gambia: a phase 4, open-label, randomised controlled trial","authors":"Chikondi Peno PhD , Ya Jankey Jagne PhD , Melanie Clerc PhD , Carlos Balcazar Lopez PhD , Edwin P Armitage PhD , Hadijatou Sallah BSc , Sainabou Drammeh BSc , Elina Senghore BSc , Gabriel Goderski BSc , Sophie van Tol MSc , Adam Meijer PhD , Alicia Ruiz-Rodriguez PhD , Wouter de Steenhuijsen Piters PhD , Emma de Koff PhD , Sheikh Jarju DVM , Benjamin B Lindsey MBBS , Janko Camara PGM , Sulayman Bah DMS , Nuredin I Mohammed PhD , Prof Beate Kampmann PhD , Prof Debby Bogaert PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) alter nasopharyngeal microbiota in adults. It is poorly understood why LAIV immunogenicity varies across populations, but it could be linked to the microbiome. We aimed to investigate the interactions between intranasal immunisation with LAIV and nasopharyngeal microbiota composition in children from The Gambia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a phase 4, open-label, randomised controlled trial in Sukuta, The Gambia. Children aged 24−59 months with no underlying illness or history of respiratory illness for at least 14 days before recruitment were eligible. Participants were randomly assigned (2:1) by use of a computer-generated sequence in permuted blocks of 15, stratified by sex, to receive trivalent LAIV either on day 0 (intervention group) or after active follow-up at day 21 (control group). The investigator team was initially masked to block size and randomisation sequence; however, group allocation was later revealed to the team. Microbiome profiles were characterised from nasopharyngeal samples collected from all participants on days 0, 7, and 21 by use of 16S rRNA sequencing. The primary outcomes were the effect of LAIV on nasopharyngeal microbiome profiles on day 7 and day 21, and the association between the nasopharyngeal microbiome at baseline and LAIV-induced mucosal IgA responses at day 21, assessed with permutational ANOVA tests. Asymptomatic respiratory viral co-infection at baseline and year of recruitment (2017 or 2018) were included as covariates. This trial is registered with <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> (<span><span>NCT02972957</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) and is closed.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Between Feb 8 and April 12, 2017, and Jan 15 and March 28, 2018, 343 children were screened for eligibility, of whom 220 (64%) children were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 110 (32%) to the control group. 213 (97%) children in the intervention group and 108 (98%) in the control group completed the study and were included in the final analysis. Although we did not observe an independent effect of LAIV on microbial community composition at days 7 or 21, we found that LAIV had an effect dependent on the year of recruitment. LAIV affected microbial community composition in 2018 (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> 1·97% [95% CI 0·85–5·94]; p=0·037), but not in 2017 (1·23% [0·49–4·46]; p=0·091). We also found that viral co-infection at baseline had an effect on microbial composition at day 7, regardless of recruitment year (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> 1·01% [95% CI 0·28–3·01]; p=0·026). Nasopharyngeal microbial community composition at baseline had no effect on mucosal IgA responses to LAIV administration (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> 0·51% [95% CI 0·23–2·49]; p=0·46).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Our findings suggest that the effect of LAIVs on nasopharyngeal microbiota composition i","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 3","pages":"Article 100971"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a point-of-care immunochromatographic assay for enteric fever in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study","authors":"Sira J Munira MPH , Nahidul Islam MSc , Nowshin T Prithe MSc , Anik Sarkar BSc , Javan Esfandiari MSc , Dhammika Gunasekera PhD , Shuborno Islam MSc , Tanjila Akter MSc , Denise O Garrett MD , Samir K Saha PhD , Jason R Andrews MD , Senjuti Saha PhD , Richelle C Charles MD","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There is a shortage of rapid, accurate, and low-cost assays for diagnosing enteric fever. The dual-path platform for typhoid (DPPT) assay had high accuracy in retrospective studies with banked plasma samples. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the DPPT assay in a prospective study using fingerstick capillary blood.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>For this prospective diagnostic accuracy study, we enrolled children younger than 18 years, who presented at the Bangladesh Shishu Hospital and Institute (Dhaka, Bangladesh) with at least 3 days of fever. We collected blood and nasal swabs, and did the following assays to assess the accuracy of DPPT: blood culture, serological assays for typhoid fever (DPPT assay, Widal, and Test-it), and molecular assays to identify alternative aetiologies (eg, respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], influenza, dengue virus, and <em>Rickettsia</em> spp). The primary outcomes of the study were the sensitivity and specificity of the DPPT assay for diagnosis of enteric fever. We evaluated the accuracy of combined anti-haemolysin E and anti-lipopolysaccharide IgA readings using the DPPT assay in distinguishing culture-confirmed enteric fever from alternative aetiologies using receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC). Given the imperfect reference standard diagnostics for enteric fever, we used Bayesian latent class models, incorporating results from the typhoid and alternative aetiology diagnostics, to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the DPPT assay. We also did subgroup analyses for the assay across multiple biological variables.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Between Aug 17, 2021, and July 16, 2022, we enrolled 501 participants who presented with at least 3 days of fever. 223 (45%) of 501 participants were female and 278 (55%) were male. 77 participants had culture-confirmed enteric fever (62 <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serotype Typhi and 15 <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serotype Paratyphi A) and 70 were culture-negative with PCR-confirmed alternative aetiology (34 influenza A or B, 22 dengue virus, seven <em>Rickettsia</em> spp, six RSV, and one participant co-infected with RSV and dengue virus). The AUC for DPPT on fingerstick capillary blood in distinguishing typhoid from alternative aetiologies was 0·969 (95% CI 0·943–0·994). In latent class analysis, the sensitivity of DPPT was 93% (95% credible interval [CrI] 87–97) and specificity was 89% (85–93). The balanced accuracy was higher for DPPT (91%, 95% CrI 87–94) than blood culture (81%, 78–85), Test-it (77%, 74–79), or Widal (70%, 67–73). Assay performance did not vary by sex, age, duration of fever at presentation, antibiotic use before presentation, <em>Salmonella</em> serotype, or sample type.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>The point-of-care DPPT assay achieved high diagnostic accuracy for enteric fever in a highly endemic community. This assay has the potential to improve ","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 3","pages":"Article 100983"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WHO, USAID, PEPFAR: first targets of Trump's presidency","authors":"Talha Burki","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 3","pages":"Article 101101"},"PeriodicalIF":20.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}