Lancet Microbe最新文献

{"title":"Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra stool assay for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV patients: the tip of the iceberg.","authors":"Maroun M Sfeir","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101235","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101235"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145056016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of gut microbiota disruption in prosthetic joint infection: a scoping review.","authors":"Boopalan Ramasamy, Deepti K Sharma, Stuart A Callary, Balamurugan Ramadass, Lucian Bogdan Solomon, Gerald J Atkins","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication of joint replacement surgery. Emerging evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis (characterised by reduced microbial diversity, altered immune responses, and increased intestinal permeability) could facilitate bacterial translocation from the gut to prosthetic joints and contribute to the development of PJI. In this scoping review, we analysed eight studies (three preclinical and five clinical) that investigated the potential link between gut microbiota alteration (dysbiosis) and PJIs. Preclinical models indicated that animals experiencing gut dysbiosis had higher rates of PJI, with a study testing the Trojan horse hypothesis showing that neutrophils carrying viable meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from the gut seeded the prosthetic joints without detectable bloodstream infection. Clinical research identified higher levels of zonulin (a marker of intestinal barrier integrity) and inflammatory markers, decreased gut microbial diversity, and presence of gut commensals within the joint tissues of patients with PJI. However, few studies used stool sequencing or adhered to microbiome research guidelines, thereby restricting conclusions. This Review highlights the need for future research that includes gut microbiota profiling, tight junction biomarker characterisation, and intervention trials (eg, testing the effect of probiotic use) to elucidate the role of gut dysbiosis in PJI. Investigating the gut microbiota before arthroplasty and incorporating suitable control groups could help to identify any causative relationships. The findings of this Review suggest that gut dysbiosis could be a modifiable risk factor for PJI, warranting the exploration of osteomicrobiology and gut-joint axis mechanisms in arthroplasty outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101193"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UK Government dismantles the Fleming Fund.","authors":"Talha Burki","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101239","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101239"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145024387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis A outbreak in Europe.","authors":"Udani Samarasekera","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101213","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101213"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protecting the future of vaccine development amidst US funding withdrawal for mRNA vaccine research.","authors":"Eskild Petersen, Giuseppe Ippolito, Markus Maeurer, Francine Ntoumi, Jean B Nachega, David S Hui, Alimuddin Zumla","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101226","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101226"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered IL-6 signalling and risk of tuberculosis","authors":"Jian Huang ,&nbsp;Zheng-Fu Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101134","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 9","pages":"Article 101134"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) mathematical models and disease parameters: a systematic review","authors":"Christian Morgenstern MSci ,&nbsp;Thomas Rawson DPhil ,&nbsp;Isobel Routledge PhD ,&nbsp;Mara Kont PhD ,&nbsp;Natsuko Imai-Eaton PhD ,&nbsp;Janetta Skarp MSc ,&nbsp;Patrick Doohan PhD ,&nbsp;Kelly McCain MSPH ,&nbsp;Rob Johnson PhD ,&nbsp;H Juliette T Unwin PhD ,&nbsp;Tristan Naidoo MSc ,&nbsp;Dominic P Dee MSc ,&nbsp;Kanchan Parchani MPH ,&nbsp;Bethan N Cracknell Daniels PhD ,&nbsp;Anna Vicco PhD ,&nbsp;Kieran O Drake PhD ,&nbsp;Paula Christen PhD ,&nbsp;Richard J Sheppard PhD ,&nbsp;Sequoia I Leuba PhD ,&nbsp;Joseph T Hicks PhD ,&nbsp;Zulma Cucunuba Perez","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>SARS-CoV-1 was the first documented coronavirus to cause an acute epidemic in humans and remains a priority pathogen owing to the risk of re-emergence. Robust estimates of key epidemiological parameters are essential to guide outbreak responses and inform mathematical models. Existing systematic reviews have been limited in scope, warranting a comprehensive and up-to-date review. We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42023393345) of studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) transmission models and parameters characterising the transmission, evolution, natural history, severity, risk factors, and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-1. Information was extracted using a custom database and quality assessment tool. We extracted data on 519 parameters, 243 risk factors, and 112 models from 289 papers. We found that SARS is characterised by high lethality (case-fatality ratio, 10·9%), transmissibility (R₀ range, 1·1–4·59), and superspreading events (approximately 91% of SARS-CoV-1 infections can be attributed to 20% of individuals who were most infectious). Infection risk was the highest among health-care workers and close contacts of infected individuals. Severe disease and death were associated with age and existing comorbidities. The natural history of SARS was poorly characterised, except for the incubation and mean onset-to-hospitalisation delays. The extracted data were compiled into our associated R package, epireview, which can be updated to incorporate novel findings, thus providing a key resource for informing response to future coronavirus outbreaks. By making data accessible through an updatable database, we support rapid, evidence-informed responses to potential re-emergence of SARS-CoV-1 or related coronaviruses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 9","pages":"Article 101144"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144718895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between mycophenolic acid treatment and infection with specific strains of Pneumocystis jirovecii in solid organ transplant recipients in France and Switzerland: a multicentre, retrospective, cross-sectional study","authors":"Claire V Hoffmann PhD ,&nbsp;Prof Yannick Le Meur PhD ,&nbsp;Marie-Christine Moal MD ,&nbsp;Anne Grall-Jézéquel MD ,&nbsp;Nathan Le Nan ,&nbsp;Prof Nicolas Papon PhD ,&nbsp;Prof Gilles Nevez PhD ,&nbsp;Solène Le Gal PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101146","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pneumocystis&lt;/em&gt; pneumonia (PCP) case clusters involving solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients have been reported worldwide. Mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant used to prevent rejection in SOT recipients that targets the inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) protein, has been hypothesised to exert selective pressure on &lt;em&gt;Pneumocystis jirovecii&lt;/em&gt;, with the missense mutation G1020A (Ala261Thr) in the &lt;em&gt;impdh&lt;/em&gt; gene a possible marker of such selective pressure. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that SOT recipients harbour &lt;em&gt;P jirovecii&lt;/em&gt; with mutations in the &lt;em&gt;impdh&lt;/em&gt; gene and are infected with specific &lt;em&gt;P jirovecii&lt;/em&gt; strains.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In this retrospective, multicentre, cross-sectional study of nationally representative, individual-level data, we included SOT recipients, regardless of the organ transplanted, involved or not in a PCP case cluster, and non-SOT recipients (control group) without mycophenolic acid exposure, diagnosed with PCP from 26 French and one Swiss secondary health-care centres. We included patients aged 18 years or older for whom archival &lt;em&gt;P jirovecii&lt;/em&gt; DNA extracts were available in sufficient quantity and quality. &lt;em&gt;P jirovecii&lt;/em&gt; specimens were characterised using a multilocus sequence typing method including &lt;em&gt;impdh&lt;/em&gt; gene analysis. The primary outcome of this study was the detection of the G1020A (Ala261Thr) mutation in the &lt;em&gt;impdh&lt;/em&gt; gene. A multivariable logistic regression was done to assess the relation between this mutation and the following variables retrieved from medical records: age, mycophenolic acid exposure at the time of PCP diagnosis, involvement in a PCP case cluster, PCP prophylaxis, and clinical outcome.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Findings&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;58 SOT recipients (44 treated with mycophenolic acid) and 59 non-SOT recipients (control group; not treated with mycophenolic acid) diagnosed with PCP between Jan 1, 2001, and Dec 31, 2021, were enrolled. The G1020A (Ala261Thr) mutation was detected in &lt;em&gt;P jirovecii&lt;/em&gt; specimens from 40 (68·9%) SOT recipients (37 treated with mycophenolic acid) and in none of the &lt;em&gt;P jirovecii&lt;/em&gt; specimens from the patients in the control group. The multivariable analysis showed that the allele characterised by the G1020A mutation was associated with mycophenolic acid exposure at the time of PCP diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio 73·61 [95% CI 17·41–455·70]; p&lt;0·0001) and involvement in a PCP case cluster (12·77 [1·58–171·90]; p=0·029), whereas it was not associated with age, PCP prophylaxis, and clinical deterioration. A second missense mutation, G1020T (Ala261Ser) was identified in &lt;em&gt;P jirovecii&lt;/em&gt; specimens from three SOT recipients (two treated with mycophenolic acid). Two specific multilocus genotypes (MLG-31 and MLG-34) of &lt;em&gt;P jirovecii&lt;/em&gt; associated with Ala261Thr and Ala261Ser substitutions in IMPDH, respectively, were detected","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 9","pages":"Article 101146"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The intersection of socioeconomic deprivation and antimicrobial resistance: refocusing on a key determinant","authors":"Akaninyene Otu ,&nbsp;Vinesh Patel ,&nbsp;Stuart Bond ,&nbsp;Sarah Chadwick ,&nbsp;Bassey Ebenso ,&nbsp;Mamoon Aldeyab ,&nbsp;Jade Lee-Milner ,&nbsp;Victoria Hemming ,&nbsp;Kathyrn Deakin ,&nbsp;Maria Marcolin","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 9","pages":"Article 101131"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crucial analysis of Nef-mediated MHC-I modulation in the maintenance of the HIV-1 reservoir","authors":"Xinyue Wang ,&nbsp;Yaxian Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"6 9","pages":"Article 101133"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}