Lancet Microbe最新文献

{"title":"Invasive aspergillosis in liver transplant recipients in France (2007–21): a nationwide, retrospective, matched case–control study","authors":"Coralie Le Hyaric MD ,&nbsp;Cléa Melenotte MD ,&nbsp;François Lefebvre MD ,&nbsp;Prof Faouzi Saliba MD ,&nbsp;Prof Françoise Botterel MD ,&nbsp;Nada El-Domiaty MD ,&nbsp;Prof Jérome Dumortier MD ,&nbsp;Florence Persat PhD ,&nbsp;Raphael Do MD ,&nbsp;Grégoire Pasquier MD ,&nbsp;Prof Christophe Camus MD ,&nbsp;Prof Jean-Pierre Gangneux MD ,&nbsp;Prof Nassim Kamar MD ,&nbsp;Xavier Iriart PharmD ,&nbsp;Prof Antoine Monsel MD ,&nbsp;Prof Arnaud Fekkar PharmD ,&nbsp;Prof Filomena Conti MD ,&nbsp;Fanny Vuotto MD ,&nbsp;Séverine Loridant PharmD ,&nbsp;Prof François Durand MD ,&nbsp;François Danion MD","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Invasive aspergillosis is a rare but severe complication of liver transplantation. Incidence varies from 1·2% to 5·6% and mortality is greater than 50%. Few studies have investigated this complication. We aimed to describe cases of, and identify the factors associated with, invasive aspergillosis occurrence and mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This nationwide, retrospective, matched case–control study included cases of invasive aspergillosis occurring after liver transplantation between Jan 1, 2007, and Dec 31, 2021, matched 1:1 on centre and transplantation period to control individuals without invasive aspergillosis across 15 liver transplantation centres in France. Cases were patients aged 18 years or older who presented with proven or probable invasive aspergillosis. The matched control was the next patient who received a transplant at the same transplantation centre after the case. Cases were retrospectively identified in each centre using the mycology laboratory database and the French Medicalised Information System Programme. Data were retrieved from hospital charts. The primary outcome was the identification of risk factors associated with the development of invasive aspergillosis following liver transplantation. Multivariable analysis using conditional logistic regression with a random effect for study centres was done to establish risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Among 14 332 liver transplantations, 196 recipients with invasive aspergillosis (62 [32%] female and 134 [68%] male) were identified and matched with 196 control individuals (54 [28%] female and 142 [73%] male). Invasive aspergillosis occurred at a median of 29 days (IQR 7–173) after liver transplantation. Risk factors for developing invasive aspergillosis were history of chronic kidney disease (adjusted odds ratio 4·13 [95% CI 2·35–7·24]), liver transplantation for acute liver disease (3·41 [1·44–8·06]), post-liver transplantation renal replacement therapy (3·82 [1·96–7·42]), and post-liver transplantation vasopressor support for longer than 24 h (2·82 [1·70–4·68]).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>This study identifies three patient populations at risk of invasive aspergillosis after liver transplantation: patients with history of chronic kidney disease, those who have received a transplant for acute liver disease, and those who had a post-operative period marked by organ failure. This identification could lead to new invasive aspergillosis prophylactic strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>None.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"7 4","pages":"Article 101272"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical prevalence of collateral sensitivity: a systematic exploration of multicentre antimicrobial surveillance data","authors":"Sebastian T Tandar MSc ,&nbsp;Laura B Zwep PhD ,&nbsp;Sjoukje H S Woudt MSc ,&nbsp;Annelot F Schoffelen PhD ,&nbsp;Wiep Klaas Smits PhD ,&nbsp;Linda B S Aulin PhD ,&nbsp;Apostolos Liakopoulos PhD ,&nbsp;J G Coen van Hasselt PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Collateral effects arise when resistance to one antibiotic alters the susceptibility of a bacterial strain to another antibiotic, resulting in either increased (collateral sensitivity) or decreased (collateral resistance) susceptibility. Collateral sensitivity-based antibiotic treatment offers a promising strategy against antibiotic resistance. To date, the clinical occurrence of collateral sensitivity between bacterial strains and species remains to be further evaluated. Our study aims to evaluate the occurrence patterns of collateral sensitivity in clinical settings.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>For this systematic exploration of multicentre antimicrobial surveillance data, we analysed large-scale antimicrobial resistance surveillance data from three datasets, covering over 5 million minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurements across 86 antibiotics and 30 pathogen species, to identify collateral effect interactions. Pairwise and three-way collateral effects were quantified to assess species-wide trends in both collateral sensitivity and collateral resistance within individual pathogen species. Additionally, we compared the prevalence of collateral sensitivity between and within antibiotic classes. By comparing collateral sensitivity occurrence across species, we identified collateral sensitivity interactions conserved across several pathogens.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>We found a low occurrence of collateral sensitivity in clinical strains, with 364 of 12 024 species-antibiotic pairs (3·0%) affected, compared to 5044 cases (42·0%) of collateral resistance. Most collateral sensitivity interactions involved antibiotics from different classes, except for β-lactams, which showed 41 (34·2%) of 120 occurrences of intraclass collateral sensitivity. We identified six collateral sensitivity pairs that were conserved across four bacterial species, including several highly virulent pathogens belonging to the ESKAPEE group. Three of these conserved collateral sensitivity pairs were associated with a higher MIC towards colistin. Only one three-way collateral sensitivity interaction was shared across four pathogen species. The collateral effect network generated in this study is available via a web application, enabling further data exploration and supporting future research on antibiotic collateral effects.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Several collateral sensitivity interactions were conserved across several clinically relevant pathogens. The identified collateral sensitivity pairs can be considered for the development and application of collateral sensitivity-based antibiotic therapies to prevent and reverse antimicrobial resistance.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>The Longfonds foundation and the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare, and Sport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"7 4","pages":"Article 101274"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147379028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EMBL–EBI’s AMR portal: a new gateway in global antimicrobial resistance research","authors":"Timothy Jesudason","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101326","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"7 4","pages":"Article 101326"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145946606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low paediatric vaccination rates in Argentina","authors":"Sanjeet Bagcchi","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101346","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":"7 4","pages":"Article 101346"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146012834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WHO assessment of the preclinical antifungal pipeline: evaluating innovation and preparedness in the face of emerging fungal threats.","authors":"Valeria Gigante, Richard A Alm, Tamarie Rocke, Daniela Melchiorri, Alexandra M Cameron","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2025.101331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Life-threatening invasive and mucosal fungal infections are a major, increasingly complex global health problem. Among all population groups, individuals who are immunocompromised face the greatest risk of contracting such infections, and the size of these global populations is growing at a swift pace. Climate change also affects the dynamics of fungal infections. Commercially available antifungal drugs often have a narrow-spectrum activity and below-optimal safety profile. Drug resistance to antifungals is also rising, and the use of fungicides in agriculture plays a role in resistance development. In this Review, we aim to provide an overview of the current preclinical research and development landscape of antifungal agents and to critically assess the extent to which current efforts address fungal priority pathogens according to the WHO priority list. We identified 22 programmes in the preclinical pipeline, including 13 for novel agents, four exploring new routes of administration, two investigating new formulations of existing antifungals, and three repurposed monoclonal antibody programmes. These preclinical programmes are at the initial stages (with nine [40·9%] of 22 programmes in the earliest preclinical stage) and insufficiently mature to enter robust clinical developmental stages, requiring comprehensive safety characterisation before advancement. Thus, there is a crucial need to develop novel antifungal agents with improved potency, broad-spectrum activity, and enhanced safety profiles and pharmacological features.</p>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101331"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147582791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nipah virus outbreaks in south Asia.","authors":"Priya Venkatesan","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101411","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101411"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mpox and Marburg outbreaks contained, but risks remain.","authors":"Paul Adepoju","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101397","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101397"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147575841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular diagnostic tests for isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis: a scoping review.","authors":"Thi Mai Nguyen, Emily Lai-Ho MacLean, Xiaomei Zhang, Sophia B Georghiou, Hui Xia, Justin Beardsley, Meru Sheel, Thu-Anh Nguyen, Ben J Marais, Greg J Fox","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The paucity of diagnostic tests for isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis is concerning, given its status as the most common form of drug-resistant tuberculosis and a gateway to multidrug-resistant diseases. Molecular drug-susceptibility testing has improved access to timely diagnosis of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis, but testing for isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis still remains rare. In this Review, we assessed the characteristics of molecular drug-susceptibility testing for detection of isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis, referencing the WHO target product profiles. 9243 citations were screened to select 238 studies published between 2000 and 2024. The diagnostics options have expanded rapidly since 2020, with 27 nucleic acid amplification tests, eight line probe assays, five DNA microarrays, two targeted next-generation sequencing platforms, and two whole-genome sequencing platforms. Most of the evaluated molecular drug-susceptibility tests met diagnostic performance targets but were often complex and costly. Although a few low-complexity nucleic acid amplification tests met key target product profile criteria, additional field validation and greater efforts are needed to ensure optimal feasibility and affordability for low-resource settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101362"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147505154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostics for priority bacterial pathogens: global gaps and research needs for curbing antimicrobial resistance in low-resource settings.","authors":"Valeria Gigante, Maurine Murtagh, Till T Bachmann, Tamarie Rocke, Betsy W Trainor, Susan M Poutanen, Teri Roberts, Jordi Vila, Alexandra Cameron","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major and growing threat to global health, development, and security, with the greatest burden borne by low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Without urgent intervention, cumulative deaths between 2020 and 2050, attributable to AMR, are projected to be 39·1 million globally. Effective diagnostics are important to bacterial pathogen detection and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and such diagnostics support antibiotic stewardship by reducing adverse drug events (eg, toxicity or allergy) and restricting the emergence and spread of AMR. Yet, access to appropriate diagnostics in LMICs remains constrained. This Review summarises the current landscape of commercial and pipeline bacterial in-vitro diagnostics, drawing on the updated WHO 2024 Bacterial Priority Pathogen List, the 2025 WHO diagnostic landscape analysis, and the WHO Diagnostic Initiative, which has four pillars, one of which focuses on research and innovation to improve diagnostics for AMR. We discuss phenotypic and non-phenotypic testing approaches, assess platform suitability across health system tiers in LMICs, and outline WHO priorities for the next 3-5 years to guide innovation and improve equitable access. Although multiple commercial platforms exist for bacterial identification and susceptibility or resistance testing, most platforms are infrastructure-intensive and confined to regional or reference laboratories, leaving major diagnostic gaps at primary and secondary care levels. Promising advances include rapid immunoassays and emerging molecular platforms; however, no simple, affordable, decentralised solution provides reliable identification and susceptibility or resistance testing for key bacterial priority pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101385"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147505218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-temperature tolerance of bat and pangolin sarbecoviruses versus SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Luo Chen, Ziyi Guo, Yukun Zhu, Keiya Uriu, Kei Sato","doi":"10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101403","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46633,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Microbe","volume":" ","pages":"101403"},"PeriodicalIF":20.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147505222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}