Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Green Synthesis of Tin Oxide (SnO₂) Nanoparticles Using Ginger Extracts for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes in Wastewater.","authors":"Yuvana Sivarajan, Khairul Anwar Ishak, Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05293-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05293-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the main issues that has been receiving great attention globally is the pollution of water resources with dyes, as the chemicals present in them are carcinogenic and harmful to aquatic organisms and humans. Metal oxide nanoparticles synthesized using plant extracts have recently emerged as the best option to address this problem as they provide an eco-friendly and inexpensive approach for a clean water supply. This study describes the photocatalytic degradation of four different types of dyes-methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RB), Eriochrome black-T (EB), and methyl orange (MO) using tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO₂ NPs) synthesized with ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract. From the results, the SnO₂ NPs play a remarkable role in degrading all the dyes even though they require a longer time to reach maximum degradation. This study also describes the biosynthetic preparation of SnO₂ NPs, which have a  tetragonal structure, prepared using the optimum parameters of 0.02 g mL^-1 of ginger extract, 0.5 M of tin (II) chloride dihydrate (SnCl₂.H₂O), and reaction pH of 5. SnO₂ NPs were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) to evaluate their crystallinity and composition, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) to identify the changes in functional groups of SnO₂ NPs, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy to analyze the optical properties of SnO₂ NPs through band gap calculation. The photocatalytic activity of SnO₂ NPs was then studied through their efficiency in degrading the four dyes. A toxicity test was also carried out in this study using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) to ensure the safety of the synthesized SnO₂ NPs made with ginger extract for use in aquatic environments to degrade pollutants. The positive results obtained indicate their potential as a good photocatalyst for water remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METTL14/YTHDF2 m6A Axis Protects Against M2 Macrophage Polarization in Endometriosis by Regulating KLF4 Stability.","authors":"Li Li, Xiaoyan Wang, You Wu, Yi Liu, Mingzhe Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05290-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05290-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endometriosis (EMs) is a chronic inflammatory disorder featured by infertility and pain. The role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in EMs has been evidenced. This study investigated the molecular mechanism of METTL14-m6A-KLF4 modulating macrophage polarization in EMs. RT-qPCR assay was conducted to test METTL14 levels in tissues and cells and the relative mRNA levels of M2 (Arg-1, Fizz1) and M1 (iNOS, IL-1β) factors in the supernatant after co-culture of macrophages with normal endometrial stromal cells (nESCs) or ectopic endometrial stromal cells (eESCs). CD206 and CD86 expression, as well as Arg-1, IL-10, and IL-4 levels, were assessed. Meanwhile, the relationship between METTL14 and the m6A modification of KLF4 was analyzed. Additionally, the effect of KLF4-activated M2 macrophages on in vitro ESC progression was observed. Cellular and tissue METTL14 was under-expressed in EMs. METTL14 expression might be related to macrophage M2 polarization. Co-culture of eESCs overexpressing METTL14 and macrophages downregulated Arg-1, Fizz1, CD206, IL-10, and IL-4 levels. Mechanistically, METTL14 could mediate KLF4 m6A modification through the m6A reading protein YTHDF2. KLF4 overexpression could nullify METTL14 re-expression-repressed M2 macrophage polarization. In addition, KLF4-activated M2 macrophages accelerated the proliferation and migration of ESCs in vitro. METTL14-m6A-KLF4 regulated macrophage polarization in EMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Associations Between Peripheral Blood Gene Expression and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease Using an Improved Joint Multi-Task Sparse Canonical Correlation Analysis Algorithm.","authors":"Qianqian Wu, Zhihui Ma, Feng Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05297-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05297-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder, and early diagnosis is crucial for effective clinical intervention. Traditional diagnostic methods involve detecting living brain tissue across the blood-brain barrier, but these invasive procedures cause unavoidable damage to patients. Genetic biomarkers in peripheral blood may provide valuable insights into brain lesions, potentially offering a non-invasive method for early AD diagnosis. The aim of this study is to propose an improved joint multi-task sparse canonical correlation analysis (MTSCCA) algorithm to identify significant genetic biomarkers in peripheral blood that correlate with brain markers of AD, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers. This approach aims to accurately predict AD and assess disease progression. The study employs a multi-task sparse canonical correlation analysis (MTSCCA) approach with separate analyses for AD and healthy controls. Both tasks are constrained with class-consistent and class-specific conditions to identify significant features for each diagnostic group. To enhance robustness, the Laplacian matrix constraints were incorporated into the MTSCCA-LR algorithm to reduce noise in genetic data. The proposed algorithm identifies key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that are involved in pathways closely linked to AD pathogenesis. These genes have specific diagnostic significance. Validation of these genes for predicting CSF markers was conducted using two regression models, showing good predictive accuracy. Furthermore, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier was used to classify the two diagnostic groups, demonstrating high classification accuracy. The Top 20 genes identified using the proposed algorithm were used to construct an AD diagnostic model, which exhibited strong potential for non-invasive AD diagnosis, with significant implications for clinical practice. The code and example data of the proposed algorithm have been made publicly available on GitHub ( https://github.com/Zoe491/Improved-MTSCCA1 ).</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combinational Therapy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Metformin in Bleomycin-Induced Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rat Model.","authors":"Nourhan Hassan, Mariam N Elbyoume, Mariam A Taha, Hagar S Mohamed, Omnia M Elmoghini, Shorouk S Raouf, Rwan K Elsayem, Mohrail M Medhat, Razan M Rostom, Mohmed Hosney, Emad M Elzayat","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05289-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12010-025-05289-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and severe lung disease characterized by the buildup of interstitial fibrosis, where excessive collagen accumulates, leading to airway obstruction. This condition is initiated by the abnormal proliferation of alveolar type II (AT2) cells. Metformin, an established antidiabetic drug, has gained attention for its repurposed use as an anti-fibrotic agent. Meanwhile, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) exhibit potent anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties, and they have been shown to reduce collagen deposition. In this study, we hypothesize that the combination of metformin and ADMSCs can synergistically alleviate IPF and promote healthy lung tissue regeneration in a rat model. The goal is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this approach at multiple levels; biochemical, molecular, histopathological, and histochemical. To induce IPF, Wistar albino rats received a single intratracheal dose of bleomycin (5 mg/kg body weight). The therapeutic phase involved treatment with either metformin or ADMSCs or a combination of both. Metformin was administered intraperitoneally (65 mg/kg body weight) every other day, while ADMSCs were delivered intravenously (1 × 10⁶ cells/0.5 ml DMEM/rat) through the tail vein. Our results demonstrated the effectiveness of combinational therapy, especially in mitigating oxidative stress. This was evidenced by the restoration of oxidative stress biomarkers, malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT), as well as the regulation of collagenase type IV (MMP9), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and total protein levels in lung tissues. Moreover, the therapy modulated the expression of key inflammatory and fibrotic genes, including the pro-fibrotic marker TGF-β1, proinflammatory cytokine IL-6, and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Histopathological and histochemical analyses further supported the therapeutic benefits, showing significant recovery from bleomycin-induced fibrosis in rats treated with either the single or combined therapy. The findings suggest that this combinational approach could be a promising strategy for IPF treatment by simultaneously reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis while promoting tissue regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Nonaqueous Stability of Pseudomonas Cepacia Lipase Immobilized on Phthalocyanine-Dyed Absorbent Cotton.","authors":"Yingchao Wang, Xing Zhao, Fangdi Cong, Wei Yang, Liyao Liu, Zhaowang Shen","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05295-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05295-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To enhance the nonaqueous catalysis of lipases, Pseudomonas cepacia lipase was immobilized on cotton fibers dyed with tetra-β-amino-phthalocyanine zinc or tetra-β-nitro-phthalocyanine zinc by physical adsorption in a column glass bottle and used to catalyze transesterification between hexanol and vinyl acetate. The suitable ratios of lipase to immobilized carriers were 10: 10 (mg: mg), and the employed carriers enhanced the enzymatic activity by more than 2.3-fold during the initial reaction stage. When the immobilized lipases were subjected to repeated uses at 37 °C and 160 rpm, their nonaqueous stability followed this order: cotton dyed with tetra-β-amino-phthalocyanine zinc > cotton fibers > cotton dyed with tetra-β-nitro-phthalocyanine zinc. The decrease in their substrate conversion efficiency after 24 h was 5.7%, 24.7%, and 33.3%, respectively, indicating that tetra-β-amino-phthalocyanine zinc provides effective protection for the enzyme.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Esterase from Burkholderia sp. YD106 Capable of Hydrolysis of Methyl (R, S)-N-(2, 6-Dimethylphenyl) Alaninate, and Its Mutation for Improving Enantioselectivity.","authors":"Ruixue Yang, Jianing Wu, Yunhe Zhang, Zhaohui Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05292-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05292-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methyl (R, S)-2, 6-dimethylphenylaminopropionate ((R, S)-1) is an intermediate in the production of the agricultural fungicide (R, S)-metalaxyl. (R, S)-1 can be hydrolyzed enantioselectively by some hydrolases to produce (R)-1, which was used for the production of (R)-metalaxyl. In this work, a strain Burkholderia sp. YD106 that could hydrolyze (R, S)-1 was screened from the activated sludge, but it had almost no enantioselectivity. The intracellular active esterase WZest was successfully heterologously expressed in the recombinant E. coli BL21 (DE3)-pET-28a ( +)-GE04845. Using the recombinant strain as the parent strain, the mutants were constructed by a site-directed mutation. Among all 33 mutants, seven had altered enantioselectivity, of which four mutants were (R)-enantioselective and three were (S)-enantioselective. The mutant WZest-W23T had the highest (R)-enantioselectivity. When it catalyzed the hydrolysis of (R, S)-1 at 44.6% substrate conversion, e.e._p reached 94.70% with an enantiomeric ratio (E) of 85.0. WZest showed significant amino acid sequence differences from the two reported esterases capable of hydrolyzing (R, S)-1. It was both active in two kinds of solutions. One was an emulsion with the substrate (R, S)-1 emulsified with Tween80, and the other was a homogeneous solution with acetone as a co-solvent. The activity of WZest in the former was higher than that in the latter.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Novel Pullulanase Type I from Newly Isolated Bacillus cereus Strain NP9: Potential Additive for Laundry Detergent Formulations.","authors":"Nihan Arabaci","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05286-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05286-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to produce a pullulanase that can be utilized as an additive in detergent formulations. A newly isolated Bacillus cereus strain NP9 exhibited the highest pullulanase activity and was selected for production. The optimum conditions for crude NP9 pullulanase were a pH of 7.0 and a temperature of 40 °C. It maintained stability at high rates within the pH range of 5.0 to 11.0 and temperatures between 25 and 65 °C. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be approximately 170 kDa via native-PAGE. Thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses indicated that NP9 pullulanase converted pullulan and starch substrates into maltotriose units (pullulanase type I). The enzyme exhibited moderate activity with certain metal ions and was not Ca²⁺-dependent. The inhibition of the enzyme by EDTA, EGTA, and 1,10-phenanthroline indicated it is a metalloenzyme. The enzyme moderately retained activity when exposed to non-ionic detergents such as Triton X-100, Tween 20, and Tween 80. It demonstrated high compatibility (90%) with the commercial detergent \"Peros.\" Wash performance analyses showed that the NP9 pullulanase and commercial detergent mixture removed starchy stains more effectively than washing with commercial detergent alone. In conclusion, NP9 pullulanase exhibited favorable properties, making it a potential candidate for the laundry detergent industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Melanogenesis Activity of Peptides from Shark (Mustelus griseus) Skin on B16F10 Melanocytes and In vivo Zebrafish Models.","authors":"Yonghua Hu, Weichao Su, Baoxuan Wang, Xiaoyu Yang, Lina Ke, Yan Shi, Yuleyue Wang, Qin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05296-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05296-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shark skin peptides, a kind of substance with a variety of biological activities, were shown to inhibit the activity of mushroom tyrosinase. This study was performed to clarify their inhibitory effects on melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanocytes and in vivo zebrafish models. In order to elucidate the inhibitory effects of shark skin peptides on B16F10 melanocytes, cell viability, morphologic changes, intracellular tyrosinase, and the melanogenesis-related proteins were determined. The results showed that the peptides were not cytotoxic to B16F10, and the morphology of the cells did not change significantly at the detected concentration. The intracellular melanin content and tyrosinase activity of B16F10 cells decreased in a concentration-dependent manner after the peptide treatment. The suppressive activity of the peptides on melanin synthesis is linked to the down-regulation of the important proteins involved in melanogenesis, such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP1), and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). The effects of shark skin peptides on melanin synthesis in zebrafish embryos showed that the peptides inhibit the production of melanin in embryos, and the melanin-related proteins were also detected as down-regulated. The results from ROS analysis suggested that the peptides are also capable of eliminating reactive oxygen species within the cells. In conclusion, the shark skin peptides could inhibit melanin synthesis, indicating that peptides may become additives for cosmetics potentially.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Secondary Metabolites in Reducing the Negative Impact of Pest-Induced Stress in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.).","authors":"Pratik Talukder, Srishti Chakraborty, Mainak Sarkar, Anirban Das, Rajarshi Ray","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05287-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05287-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brinjal, also known as eggplant, is a significant crop in the Solanaceae family, with a high economic value and widespread cultivation in Indian states. Its primary metabolites include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, organic acids, and polyphenolic compounds. Secondary metabolites contribute to the fruit's flavor, color, and potential health benefits, such as chlorogenic acid, anthocyanins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and other phytochemicals. The phenylpropanoid pathway is a metabolic pathway in plants that produces a broad spectrum of secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds, lignins, flavonoids, and other compounds. In brinjal fruit, the phenylpropanoid pathway is important for the synthesis of secondary metabolites, such as phenolic compounds and lignins, which contribute to the fruit's color, flavor, and potential health benefits. Biological pests, such as shoot borer and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis), can cause significant damage to crops, resulting in yield losses and economic consequences for farmers. The shoot borer and fruit borer follow a typical life cycle, starting with adult caterpillars laying eggs on the surface of young leaves and shoots of eggplant. After hatching, larvae burrow into plant tissue, creating tunnels in the buds and fruit, causing fruit wilting, deformity, and stunting. Ingestion weakens plants, making them more susceptible to secondary bacterial and fungal infections. Young shoots and fruit borer management can be difficult due to their hidden feeding habits. Integrated pest management (IPM) strategies are commonly used to effectively control this pest, which includes a combination of farming practices, biological control, and the rational use of chemical pesticides. This scientific investigation sincerely aims to attain a deep knowledge of the myriad ways pests affect and how this information can guide recovery and mitigation strategies. The design of these experiments acts as a potential tool for analyzing compound ongoing dynamics, unraveling the complexity of plant-pesticide interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Biohydrogen Yields: A Comparative Study of Individual and Combined Biomass Pretreatment Techniques.","authors":"Chelladurai Mumtha, Pambayan Ulagan Mahalingam","doi":"10.1007/s12010-025-05298-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-025-05298-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biohydrogen production from various biomass sources using combined pretreatment methods is an emerging and cost-effective alternative energy technology. To enhance hydrogen production, a batch test was conducted involving heat treatment, ultrasonication, and acid hydrolysis of dairy whey (DW) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB). The heat-treated DW achieved a maximum cumulative hydrogen production of 153.4 ± 2.0 mL H₂/L, which is 20% higher than the untreated biomass. The physicochemical changes in both DW and SCB were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The tools used to study the effects of pretreatments on SCB were X-ray diffraction (change in crystalline and amorphous regions) and SEM images. FTIR spectra showed the removal of hemicellulose and lignin content during pretreatments. The presence of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin structures in the sample of sugarcane bagasse and cellulosic fractions were indicated by the characteristic absorption bands (cm^-1) of groups shown by the FTIR spectrum for hemicellulose and lignin. SEM images showed extensive degradation of the buddle of fibers of some cellulosic fraction. FTIR spectra indicate that carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids were present in dairy whey. The EDX results indicated that untreated SCB contains 30% carbon, 13.71% oxygen, and 0.50% nitrogen. SCB underwent acid hydrolysis for 90 min at 121 °C using a 2 M concentration of H₂SO₄. The highest cumulative hydrogen production of 189.6 ± 4.3 mL H₂/L was achieved at 37 °C under co-culture conditions. Based on the findings of this study, it may be possible to produce biohydrogen from biomass in a manner that is both efficient and sustainable in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":465,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}