Asian Journal of Urology最新文献

{"title":"Systematic investigation of zinc finger MYND-type containing 11-mediated alternative splicing reveals notable events in prostate cancer","authors":"Cheng Lian ,&nbsp;Zixian Wang ,&nbsp;Xu Gao ,&nbsp;Gong-Hong Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.ajur.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajur.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Alternative splicing (AS) is increasingly recognized as a hallmark of cancer, contributing to tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Zinc finger MYND-type containing 11 (ZMYND11), a critical reader of the histone modification H3.3K36me3, is frequently downregulated in various cancers. However, its specific role in regulating AS in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which ZMYND11 modulates AS in PCa and evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The comprehensive AS analysis was conducted using two bioinformatics tools, SUPPA2 and rMATS, applied to data from <em>ZMYND11</em> knockdown PCa cell lines and a large cohort of PCa patient samples. Candidate ZMYND11-mediated AS events were identified based on overlapping results from both tools. Experimental validation was performed in multiple PCa cell lines, and confirmed findings were classified as notable AS events.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SUPPA2, with a threshold of an absolute <em>Δ</em>PSI &gt;0.1 and <em>p</em>-value &lt;0.05, was identified as the optimal tool for detecting ZMYND11-mediated AS events. A total of 19 candidate AS events were identified, with approximately 50% involving exon skipping. Experimental validation highlighted three notable AS events affecting mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4K4), golgin B1 (GOLGB1), and Dmx like 1 (DMXL1). These events are implicated in key pathways influencing tumor growth and metastasis, underscoring the tumor-suppressive role of ZMYND11 in PCa.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study systematically characterizes ZMYND11-mediated AS in PCa, revealing its pivotal role in modulating splicing events critical to tumor progression. The findings establish ZMYND11 as a potential biomarker and a promising source of novel therapeutic targets for PCa management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46599,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Urology","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 24-36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147418208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of second primary malignancies in prostate cancer patients: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results population-based study","authors":"Jiafeng Shou,&nbsp;Qijun Wo","doi":"10.1016/j.ajur.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajur.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Second primary malignancy (SPM) is becoming a challenge in clinical practice. However, limited studies have focused on this issue in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). We sought to explore the potential risk of SPMs in patients with a prior diagnosis of PCa and construct a model to predict the risk of developing SPMs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively extracted data on PCa patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2000 and 2018. A competing-risk model was established to explore the risk factors for developing SPMs and to predict the probability of developing SPMs for PCa patients after the initial diagnosis. The calibration curve, concordance index, and decision curve analysis were used to assess the validity of the model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 284 738 eligible PCa patients were included, 14 845 (5.2%) of whom developed SPMs after the initial diagnosis. The results showed that age at the initial diagnosis, race, histological grade, pathological tumor stage, radiotherapy, and surgery were independent risk factors for developing SPMs. The concordance index of the model was 0.685 (95% confidence interval 0.684–0.686), and the calibration plots showed an excellent agreement between the nomogram prediction and the actual observation. Furthermore, the decision curve analysis indicated a positive benefit with the threshold risk range of 2%–12%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The nomogram is sufficiently accurate to predict the risk of SPMs for PCa survivors and to help surgeons identify patients who are at a high risk of developing SPMs and contribute to further management of SPMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46599,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Urology","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 45-51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147418334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multiregional study of presentation and outcomes in upper tract urothelial cancer: Data from East Asia and Europe","authors":"Tai-Hua Chiu ,&nbsp;Tzu-Chun Wei ,&nbsp;Jun Miki ,&nbsp;Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh ,&nbsp;Chi Hang Yee ,&nbsp;Hyeong Dong Yuk ,&nbsp;Sung Yong Cho ,&nbsp;Mario Wolfgang Kramer ,&nbsp;Pei-Shan Ho ,&nbsp;Yu-Ting Huang ,&nbsp;Hsiang-Ying Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ajur.2025.03.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajur.2025.03.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Clinical features of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) vary widely across countries. We aimed to provide clinical observations and compare oncological outcomes among regions in East Asia and Europe.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study (March 2000 to July 2020) included 664 UTUC patients undergoing radical nephroureterectomy in China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and Germany. Cohorts from China comprised patients from the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Taiwan region, respectively. Demographic and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. Continuous variables were analyzed using the Student's <em>t</em>-test, and categorical variables were assessed using the Pearson's chi-square test. The Cox proportional hazards model was employed to evaluate overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and bladder recurrence-free survival across regions and various parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Females had a higher proportion of patients than males only in Taiwan, China. Few patients received preoperative ureteroscopic biopsy prior to radical surgery in Seoul, the Republic of Korea. In the multivariate analysis, patients' regional origin was not associated with worse OS and CSS. Older age, multifocal tumors, high pT stage (pT4), positive lymphovascular invasion, and distant metastasis were associated with worse OS. High pT stage (pT4) and distant metastasis were independent factors leading to worse CSS. Patients' regional origin (Seoul, the Republic of Korea; Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; and Chiba, Japan) was associated with worse bladder recurrence-free survival. The preoperative ureteroscopic biopsy did not increase the intravesical recurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This international observational study revealed variations in the epidemiological distributions and practice patterns among UTUC patients in China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and Germany. Cohorts from China comprised patients from the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Taiwan region, respectively. However, ethnic and regional differences did not affect OS and CSS after radical nephroureterectomy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46599,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Urology","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 67-75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147418687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical, pathological, and prognostic features of invasive pyelocaliceal urothelial carcinoma with venous thrombus: A propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study","authors":"Zhanyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Shaohui Deng ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruiyang Xie ,&nbsp;Min Lu ,&nbsp;Yimeng Song ,&nbsp;Yuehao Sun ,&nbsp;LuLin Ma ,&nbsp;Hongxian Zhang ,&nbsp;Shudong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ajur.2025.03.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajur.2025.03.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To elucidate the clinical, pathological, and prognostic characteristics of invasive pyelocaliceal urothelial carcinoma (pUC) with venous thrombus (pUC-VT).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study included 23 pUC-VT patients and 88 pUC patients without venous thrombus (VT) from March 2016 to April 2022. The features of pUC-VT were detailed and were compared with those without VT. Normally distributed continuous variables were presented as mean±standard deviation; non-normally distributed variables were expressed as median (interquartile range); categorical variables were described as <em>n</em> (%). Propensity scores were calculated by age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index level and tumor stage. After matching, differences in variables were compared using the paired <em>t</em>-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and McNemar test. The Kaplan–Meier method and Gehan–Breslow test were used to compare overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and progression-free survival (PFS) curves of pUC-VT patients and pUC patients without VT. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine whether VT was an independent risk factor. The landmark analysis was applied to explore the role of VT in different time periods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After matching, all 23 pUC-VT patients were paired with pUC patients without VT, revealing significant differences only in open surgery rates (48% <em>vs.</em> 4.3%, <em>p</em>=0.004), median intraoperative blood loss (400.0 mL <em>vs.</em> 80.0 mL, <em>p</em>=0.009), median red blood cell transfusion volume (400.0 mL <em>vs.</em> 0 mL, <em>p</em>=0.001), and median tumor diameter (7.5 cm <em>vs.</em> 5.0 cm, <em>p</em>&lt;0.001). The median OS, CSS, and PFS for pUC-VT patients were 7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3–20) months, 9 (95% CI 3–28) months, and 3 (95% CI 1–11) months, respectively. The pUC-VT patients had significantly higher risks for shorter OS (hazard ratio [HR] 2.120, <em>p</em>=0.008), CSS (HR 2.163, <em>p</em>=0.009), and PFS (HR 3.070, <em>p</em>&lt;0.001) in the first 18 months.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Patients with pUC-VT face a higher risk of early death and recurrence, necessitating multimodal treatment strategies to improve prognosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46599,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Urology","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 76-84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147418217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between cardiometabolic index and overactive bladder in adults: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2018","authors":"Bin Chen ,&nbsp;Yanghao Tai ,&nbsp;Yingming Kong ,&nbsp;Jiaao Li,&nbsp;Xuening Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ajur.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajur.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a marker currently used to evaluate metabolism. Although the association between overactive bladder (OAB) and obesity has been evaluated in previous studies, the role of the CMI in adult OAB remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between the CMI and OAB in a representative nationwide population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study used the 2011–2018 data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. The CMI was calculated by multiplying the ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and that of waist circumference to height. We used the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score to define OAB. Participants with an Overactive Bladder Symptom Score of ≥3 were considered as having OAB. Smoothed curve fitting and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between the CMI and OAB in adults. Consistency of these results was examined across various population subgroups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The OAB group included 1549 (21%) individuals. Statistically significant differences (<em>p</em>&lt;0.05) were observed between the OAB group and the non-OAB group for all variables. After correcting for potential confounders, we discovered a strong positive association between the CMI and the risk of OAB. For every one-unit increase in CMI, the likelihood of OAB increased by 54%. Subgroup analysis of the association between the CMI and the odds of OAB showed that there were no significant interaction effects within most subgroups. However, the association may be altered by the presence of certain diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (<em>p</em>=0.022) and diabetes (<em>p</em>=0.023).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A higher CMI correlated with a higher risk of OAB development. However, the causal relationship requires further verification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46599,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Urology","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 85-93"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147418218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrence and prevention strategies for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A comprehensive review","authors":"Wuhao Liu,&nbsp;Jiafu Xiao,&nbsp;Junrong Zou,&nbsp;Zhihua He","doi":"10.1016/j.ajur.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajur.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This review aims to explore the risk factors for recurrence of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and evaluate current prevention strategies to provide valuable insights for future clinical management. By systematically analyzing various clinical and pathological characteristics, this review examines their relationship with NMIBC recurrence and proposes effective preventive measures for these factors.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A systematic literature search was conducted through PubMed and Web of Science to identify studies that focus on the risk factors for NMIBC recurrence. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the statistical significance of various factors influencing recurrence, such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, smoking, surgical techniques, and tumor-specific characteristics. Additionally, current preventive strategies and treatments, such as intravesical drug instillation, adjuvant chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, were assessed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The following factors significantly influence the recurrence risk of NMIBC: age (older patients have a higher recurrence risk due to weakened immune responses and more comorbidities), sex (women tend to experience more aggressive forms and a poorer prognosis following recurrence), BMI and diabetes (obesity and diabetes worsen immune responses and increase inflammation, contributing to higher recurrence rates), smoking (smokers face a higher recurrence risk due to carcinogenic exposure, but quitting significantly reduces the risk), surgical techniques (incomplete transurethral resection of bladder tumor or inadequate postoperative treatments, &lt;em&gt;e.g.&lt;/em&gt;, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin [BCG], increase recurrence), tumor characteristics (high-grade and large tumors [especially multifocal] have a higher risk of recurrence), immunotherapy and chemotherapy (BCG is standard for high-risk patients, while newer treatments, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors [&lt;em&gt;e.g.&lt;/em&gt;, pembrolizumab] and chemotherapy [&lt;em&gt;e.g.&lt;/em&gt;, gemcitabine with docetaxel], are emerging for BCG-unresponsive cases), and biomarkers (biomarkers like tumor DNA in urine or circulating tumor DNA in blood can facilitate early detection of recurrence and help predict recurrence risk).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;NMIBC recurrence is a complex process influenced by multiple factors. Identifying the risk factors associated with recurrence, such as age, sex, BMI, diabetes, smoking, and surgical techniques, allows for personalized treatment strategies. BCG treatment remains the standard for preventing recurrence, but new immunotherapies and chemotherapy combinations provide hope for BCG-unresponsive patients. Early detection, effective postoperative treatment, and individualized management strategies are key to reducing recurrence and improving patient quality of life. Future research should continue exploring new treatment methods, molecular b","PeriodicalId":46599,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Urology","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 11-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147418209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robot-assisted post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for metastatic non-seminomatous germ cell tumors using two distinct surgical approaches: A tertiary care experience","authors":"Xiangdong Li ,&nbsp;Wilhem M.S. Teixeira ,&nbsp;Renjie Ding ,&nbsp;Shengjie Guo ,&nbsp;Hui Han ,&nbsp;Kai Yao ,&nbsp;Fangjian Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhuowei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ajur.2025.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajur.2025.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Robot-assisted post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (R-PC-RPLND) is increasingly used as an alternative to open surgery for metastatic testicular cancer. This study aimed to summarize the experience with lateral and supine approaches in R-PC-RPLND for metastatic non-seminomatous germ cell tumors, applied based on different clinical indications.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective analysis of 42 consecutive patients who underwent R-PC-RPLND at our tertiary cancer center from May 2016 to July 2023. Patients were categorized based on the surgical approach used: lateral position (28 patients) or supine position (14 patients). Data on perioperative outcomes, complications, and oncological efficacy were assessed and reported using descriptive statistics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median patient age was 28.0 (interquartile range [IQR]: 23.5–30.5) years, and the median body mass index was 22.7 (IQR: 19.9–24.2) kg/m². The median operative time was 167.5 (IQR: 135.0–216.0) min, and the median estimated blood loss was 100.0 (IQR: 50.0–200.0) mL. Vascular injuries occurred in 4.8% of the cases, with no conversions to open surgery required. Postoperative complications were observed in 14% of the patients, all classified as Clavien–Dindo grades I–II. Histopathological examination revealed necrosis or fibrosis in 43% of the cases, teratoma in 31%, and viable germ cell tumor in 26%. During a median follow-up of 22.0 (IQR: 16.0–30.5) months, 17% of the patients experienced relapse, with a median time to relapse of 5.0 (IQR: 4.0–7.0) months.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Both lateral and supine approaches for R-PC-RPLND demonstrated favorable surgical and oncological outcomes, with acceptable operative times, minimal blood loss, low complication rates, and effective oncological control. The choice between these approaches should consider patient-specific factors and surgeon expertise, allowing for tailored treatment that optimizes outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46599,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Urology","volume":"13 1","pages":"Pages 107-115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147418213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of reclassification and novel tools in active surveillance","authors":"Bárbara Vieira Lima Aguiar Melão ,&nbsp;Lucas Mendes Nogueira ,&nbsp;Karim A. Touijer","doi":"10.1016/j.ajur.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajur.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Low-risk prostate cancer usually has an indolent course, and in this scenario, active surveillance (AS) is currently the preferred management, reducing overtreatment without compromising oncologic outcomes in well-selected patients. Two pillars of this strategy are patient selection and adequate monitoring strategy to detect early progression, leading to active treatment in the window of curability. The aim of this review is to assess the novel available tools and their role in AS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a comprehensive review of the current literature addressing the risk of reclassification and studies evaluating traditional and emerging diagnostic and prognostic tools, including imaging modalities, biomarkers, and genomic classifiers, which could decrease reclassification rates and minimize the burden of serial exams during follow-up and, especially, the frequency of biopsies, which are still necessary to evaluate progression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The most significant follow-up cohorts demonstrate long-term treatment rates ranging from 30% to 45%, and 36% of low-risk prostate cancer patients have an upgrade in radical prostatectomy specimens. Despite the emergence of new diagnostic and prognostic tools, few of them have been validated or included in the assessment of eligible patients for AS. In the current guidelines, a combination of cT stage, Gleason score, prostate-specific antigen value, prostate-specific antigen density, and number of positive cores in biopsy is used to select patients for AS. However, various risk factors have been associated with the risk of reclassification, which reveals the need to incorporate better tools that may contribute to better risk stratification of patients eligible for AS.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although AS is feasible and safe, the risk of progression is of great concern for patients and physicians, and monitoring is also an important part of the therapeutic strategy. Novel risk stratification tools are promising but need further validation to improve results and decrease the burden and anxiety that monitoring can bring to patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46599,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Urology","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 445-454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145686016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five things you need to know about prostate cancer diagnostic tests","authors":"Andrew J. Vickers,&nbsp;Hans Lilja","doi":"10.1016/j.ajur.2024.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajur.2024.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46599,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Urology","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 419-421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141399042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vivo and in vitro experimental models for urolithiasis pathophysiology research","authors":"Ranjith R. Kumar,&nbsp;Suresh Janadri,&nbsp;Manjunatha P. Mudagal,&nbsp;Uday R. Sharma,&nbsp;Surendra Vada,&nbsp;Hari T. Babu,&nbsp;Prakash,&nbsp;Archana Bandapalli Gangireddy","doi":"10.1016/j.ajur.2024.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajur.2024.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This review aims to investigate and establish potential <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> models for evaluating the anti-urolithiatic activity of therapeutic agents, exploring experimental approaches that can reliably simulate human stone formation and effectively assess the efficacy of anti-urolithiatic compounds.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Multiple <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> approaches were explored. <em>In vitro</em> methods included the​​ estimation of calcium oxalate by titrimetry, nucleation assays, aggregation assays, turbidimetric assays, and electron microscopy studies. Artificial stone models such as BegoStone and Ultracal 30 were fabricated to mimic the physicochemical characteristics of urinary calculi. <em>In vivo</em> models included ethylene glycol-induced, calcium oxalate/ammonium oxalate-induced, diet-induced, and infection-related models in rodents. Additionally, genetically modified animal models such as <em>TRPV5</em> knockout, <em>CLDN14</em> knockout, <em>AGXT</em> knockout, and <em>URAT1</em> overexpression mice were discussed to study molecular pathways of urolithiasis. Parameters such as urinary oxalate, calcium levels, and histopathological evaluation of kidney tissues were used to validate stone formation and dissolution processes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>In vitro</em> models effectively demonstrate the processes of crystal nucleation, aggregation, and inhibition, allowing quantitative assessment of potential anti-urolithiatic activity. Electron microscopy provides detailed insights into crystal morphology and ultrastructural alterations. Artificial stones fabricated using BegoStone and Ultracal 30 closely replicate natural calculi hardness and composition, making them suitable for lithotripsy and dissolution studies. <em>In vivo</em> models successfully mimic human urolithiasis pathophysiology, particularly the ethylene glycol-induced rat model, which shows reproducible calcium oxalate crystal deposition in renal tissues. The application of genetic models highlights the role of specific transporters and enzymes in calcium and oxalate homeostasis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A combination of <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> experimental models provides a comprehensive platform for evaluating the anti-urolithiatic potential of therapeutic agents. The integration of biochemical, morphological, and genetic analyses enhances the understanding of stone pathogenesis and development of novel anti-urolithiatic therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46599,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Urology","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 486-495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145686022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}