Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Mapping artificial intelligence models in emergency medicine: A scoping review on artificial intelligence performance in emergency care and education.","authors":"Göksu Bozdereli Berikol, Altuğ Kanbakan, Buğra Ilhan, Fatih Doğanay","doi":"10.4103/tjem.tjem_45_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjem.tjem_45_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly improving the processes such as emergency patient care and emergency medicine education. This scoping review aims to map the use and performance of AI models in emergency medicine regarding AI concepts. The findings show that AI-based medical imaging systems provide disease detection with 85%-90% accuracy in imaging techniques such as X-ray and computed tomography scans. In addition, AI-supported triage systems were found to be successful in correctly classifying low- and high-urgency patients. In education, large language models have provided high accuracy rates in evaluating emergency medicine exams. However, there are still challenges in the integration of AI into clinical workflows and model generalization capacity. These findings demonstrate the potential of updated AI models, but larger-scale studies are still needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":46536,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"25 2","pages":"67-91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12002153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cocaine and ketamine-induced paraspinal muscle compartment syndrome.","authors":"Thomas Saliba, Simone Giglioli, Sanjiva Pather, Daniel DeBacker","doi":"10.4103/tjem.tjem_224_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjem.tjem_224_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lumbar paraspinal compartment syndrome is a rare pathology, with only 40 reported cases resulting from an increase in pressure within the muscle compartment. Symptoms typically involve pain and sometimes muscular deficits. The typical patient is a man who has undergone strenuous exercise, with few cases linked to the use of recreational drugs, such as cocaine or ketamine. We report the case of a 25-year-old man presenting to the emergency room with severe diffuse back pain who had recently consumed large amounts of cocaine, ketamine, and alcohol. The patient had diffuse muscular pain, increased serum creatine kinase (CK) levels, and a negative noncontrast abdominal computed tomography (CT), leading to the suspicion of crush syndrome. Over the following days, the patient's pain became more localized to the right paraspinal region, prompting a contrast-enhanced CT. This revealed signs of muscle swelling and edema of the paraspinal muscle, leading to a suspicion of compartment syndrome, which was confirmed by an intramuscular pressure measurement. The patient underwent a surgical fasciotomy. The patient went on to have an unremarkable recovery. Lumbar paraspinal compartment syndrome is exceedingly rare. Cocaine is known to cause rhabdomyolysis both indirectly, due to behavioral disturbances, and directly due to muscle toxicity. Similarly, ketamine use has also been associated with rhabdomyolysis. The rhabdomyolysis results in greatly increased CK levels, sometimes rising up to 100 00 U/L, which should normalize over the following days. A few cases of compartment syndrome, often localized in extremities, have been reported in patients presenting cocaine or ketamine-induced rhabdomyolysis. In this patient, the muscle swelling of the paraspinal muscle resulted in compartment syndrome. Patients who experience cocaine-related rhabdomyolysis have a tendency for nonspecific symptoms, which would match our patient's initial presentation. Although radiology's contribution to the diagnosis is limited, patients suffering from back pain or nonresolving rhabdomyolysis should be submitted to imaging, which may show signs of muscle swelling and edema on CT and magnetic resonance imaging. Diagnosis of compartment syndrome should be confirmed by measurement of muscle pressure, and if elevated, the patient should be proposed for fasciotomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":46536,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"25 2","pages":"147-151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12002143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and predisposing factors associated with peri-intubation cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Nattikarn Meelarp, Wachira Wongtanasarasin","doi":"10.4103/tjem.tjem_232_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjem.tjem_232_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Various studies have delved into its incidence and risk factors, but a comprehensive meta-analysis exploring this life-threatening complication during emergent endotracheal intubation has been lacking. This study quantitatively assesses the global incidence and associated risk factors of peri-intubation cardiac arrest (PICA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic literature search on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception to October 28, 2024. Two independent authors searched, reviewed, and evaluated selected studies. Any peer-reviewed published studies reporting the incidence of PICA among adults (≥18 years) outside of the operating theater were included. Studies reporting incidence within heterogeneous populations or from overlapping groups were excluded. The primary outcome focused on determining the global incidence of PICA, while the secondary outcome addressed associated risk factors. A random-effects model was used to aggregate overall incidence rates. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were conducted to examine PICA incidence in different locations and with the study's sample size. The publication bias was assessed via Egger's test and visualization of the funnel plot. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. PICA incidence varied from 0.5% to 23.3%. The estimated pooled incidence was 2.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9-3.6) across PICA in the emergency department (ED) (2.5%, 95% CI: 1.4-3.7) and outside of the ED (2.9%, 95% CI: 2.2-3.6). Egger's test yielded <i>P</i> = 0.009, indicating potential publication bias due to small-study effects, as suggested by the funnel plot. Meta-regression analysis revealed higher incidence in studies with smaller populations. Notably, preintubation hypotension, hypoxemia, and body mass index were found to be the most associated risk factors for PICA. Additionally, there was significant variability in PICA definitions, ranging from immediate to occurrences within 60 min after intubation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PICA occurrences during emergent endotracheal intubation reached up to 3%, showing a similar rate both within and outside the ED. While limitations such as heterogeneity and potential bias exist, these findings underscore the imperative for prospective research. Prospective studies are warranted to further delineate this critical aspect of emergent intubation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46536,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"25 2","pages":"130-138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12002150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical considerations in the pediatric simple triage score.","authors":"Yalcin Golcuk, Ömer Faruk Karakoyun","doi":"10.4103/tjem.tjem_10_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjem.tjem_10_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46536,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"25 2","pages":"156-157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12002147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine versus fentanyl and midazolam in procedural sedation for tube thoracostomy in emergency department - A randomized control study.","authors":"Sarat Chandra Uppaluri, Anne Kiran Kumar, G Suneel Kumar, Mohammed Ismail Nizami, Ashima Sharma","doi":"10.4103/tjem.tjem_175_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjem.tjem_175_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Effective sedation and analgesia during procedures not only provide relief of suffering but also frequently facilitate the successful and timely completion of the procedure. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine compared to fentanyl and midazolam in procedural sedation for tube thoracostomy in the emergency department (ED) in terms of analgesia and patient satisfaction with sedation during the procedure using Pain Numerical Rating Scale and a 7-point Likert-like verbal rating scale for comfort rating of sedation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized control study was conducted in 64 subjects admitted to the ED. Tube thoracostomy was performed in patients after the decision for Intercostal drain (ICD) placement taken on radiographic and clinical assessment depending on their condition warranting it and after optimally stabilizing the patient in the ED. Of the total study participants that met the inclusion criteria, 32 participants randomly received dexmedetomidine and the other 32 received midazolam.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pain rating scale means were 2.3 ± 1.12 and 4.4 ± 1.72, respectively (<i>P</i> < 0.001), in dexmedetomidine and midazolam groups. With regard to adverse effects, a statistically significant difference was seen with dexmedetomidine causing hypotension (<i>P</i> = 0.04) and midazolam causing desaturation (<i>P</i> = 0.008). The results also suggested that midazolam achieved sedation levels quicker than dexmedetomidine and this finding was statistically significant (<i>P</i> < 0.001). A statistically significant difference was observed (<i>P</i> < 0.001) with regard to mean patient verbal ratings at recovery of sedation satisfaction between the two groups, 6 ± 0.77 (dexmedetomidine group) versus 4.7 ± 0.8 (midazolam group).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>When observed in terms of analgesia, anxiolysis, and better sedation, dexmedetomidine proved to be superior. Our study shows that this drug could be a better alternative to traditional benzodiazepines for procedural sedation in ED.</p>","PeriodicalId":46536,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"25 2","pages":"116-122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12002142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical versus conservative management for traumatic brain injury in elderly patients: A propensity-matched cohort study.","authors":"Gunaseelan Rajendran, Sasikumar Mahalingam, Anitha Ramkumar, Kumaresh Pillur Tamilarasu, Rahini Kannan","doi":"10.4103/tjem.tjem_133_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjem.tjem_133_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The management of traumatic brain injury in elderly patients remains a topic of conflicting evidence in the literature. While some studies suggest that surgical intervention is beneficial, others indicate increased mortality and morbidity. Therefore, we conducted this retrospective matched cohort study to further investigate the role of surgical and conservative management for traumatic brain injury in elderly individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors conducted a retrospective review comparing patients with traumatic brain injury who underwent nonoperative management (NOM) versus those who underwent operative management (OM). Case matching was employed to create an artificial control group matched for age, sex, noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) findings, and symptoms at a 1:1 ratio of treatment to control. The inclusion criteria included patients aged 60 years and above who presented to the emergency medicine department with head injuries resulting from various causes, such as road traffic accidents, falls, or assault, whereas the exclusion criteria included polytrauma, severe hypovolemic shock, and referrals to other institutions. The outcomes of interest included all-cause mortality and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores, with statistical significance set at <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Optimal case matching was achieved for 52 out of 96 patients who underwent surgical management. There was no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality between patients who underwent surgical management (32.69%) and those who did not (28.82%). Similarly, there was no statistically significant difference in the GOS score at 1 month between the two groups. A subgroup analysis based on the severity of traumatic brain injury and radiological diagnosis of intracranial injury revealed no difference between the OM and NOM groups, except for patients who underwent midline shift surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was no difference in all-cause mortality among elderly patients with traumatic brain injury regardless of whether they received conservative or surgical management, except for patients who underwent midline shift surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":46536,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"25 2","pages":"92-99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12002146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful endotracheal intubation guided by tracheal ultrasonography in a critical patient with a difficult airway.","authors":"Behnan Gulunay","doi":"10.4103/tjem.tjem_77_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjem.tjem_77_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In critical care, effective airway management, especially during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), is vital. Endotracheal intubation, although common, poses challenges in patients with difficult airways. Traditional methods for confirming tube placement, particularly during CPR, can be unreliable. Tracheal ultrasonography is emerging as a valuable tool for guiding intubation and confirming tube placement in real time. A case of a 72-year-old with respiratory distress, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and heart failure is described. Despite initial treatment, emergency intubation was necessary, but the initial attempt failed due to a difficult airway. Tracheal ultrasonography guided the intubation process and confirmed tube placement in real time, leading to successful intubation and improved outcomes. This technique shows promise in optimizing airway management during CPR, offering real-time visualization, and minimizing complications. This case underscores the potential of ultrasound-guided techniques in emergency airway management. Further research is needed to fully understand their benefits and limitations in such settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":46536,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"25 2","pages":"139-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12002149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the echoSHOCK protocol for diagnosing the cause of shock in patients arriving at the emergency department.","authors":"Takshak Shankar, Nidhi Kaeley, Parvathy Sasidharan, Archana Bairwa, M S Salva Ameena, Sreejith Jayachandran, Jewel Rani Jose, Jitendra Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.4103/tjem.tjem_121_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjem.tjem_121_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Nontraumatic undifferentiated shock is difficult to manage in the emergency department due to unclear causes, lack of history, and rapid patient deterioration. Timely and appropriate resuscitation is crucial, but both inadequate and excessive resuscitation increase mortality risks. Focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS) offers a timely and noninvasive cardiac assessment. The echoSHOCK protocol is derived from FoCUS and improves the ability to identify the etiology of shock in patients at the emergency department. This study's primary objective was to validate the echoSHOCK protocol for diagnosing the cause of shock in patients arriving at the emergency department. This study's secondary objective was to determine the prevalence of different etiologies of shock in patients arriving at the emergency department.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult patients presenting to the emergency department in shock were included in the study after informed consent was obtained. The shock was defined as a systolic blood pressure of <90 mmHg or a mean arterial pressure of <65 mmHg with signs of poor tissue perfusion. Each patient underwent a detailed history, physical examination, and standard investigations. Clinicians reported a presumed etiology and management plan with a confidence level (0-10). The echoSHOCK protocol was then executed and its results were recorded with the respective confidence levels. The protocol used a phased array probe in B-mode solely and assessed left ventricle function, compressive pericardial effusion, right ventricular dilatation, interventricular septum flattening, and indicators of hypovolemia. The time taken to perform the protocol and the difficulty level were noted. An expert panel followed the patient till hospital discharge and provided the final diagnosis and intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study enrolled 223 patients with a mean age of 49.12 years. The echoSHOCK protocol showed a 94.2% agreement with expert panel diagnoses on the cause of shock and proposed interventions, with a statistically significant near-perfect agreement (Cohen's Kappa -0.896, <i>P</i> < 0.001 and 0.897, <i>P</i> < 0.001, respectively). In contrast, the agreement between the clinical assessment, routine workup, and expert panel diagnoses was 46.2% on the cause of shock and 45.7% on the proposed interventions, respectively. The echoSHOCK protocol's median feasibility score was 7 (interquartile range [IQR]: 6-8), and its median performance time was 7 min (IQR: 6-10). Confidence in diagnoses was significantly higher with echoSHOCK (mean: 7.14) than with clinical examination (mean: 4.47) (Wilcoxon Test: <i>P</i> <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The echoSHOCK protocol rapidly identifies shock etiology in patients at the emergency department. This aids in rapid resuscitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46536,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"25 2","pages":"100-106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12002151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare case report of catecholamine-induced takotsubo in a patient with anaphylaxis shock due to amoxicillin-clavulanate.","authors":"Thang Quoc Le, Thanh Huu Nguyen, Anh Duc Vu, Hai Dang Pham","doi":"10.4103/tjem.tjem_180_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjem.tjem_180_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), also known as stress cardiomyopathy, is a life-threatening condition characterized by transient left ventricular dysfunction with nonischemic abnormalities. This syndrome in scenarios of anaphylactic shock is quite rare, with only a few cases reported. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial. We presented a rare case of 58-year-old woman presented to our hospital due to an anaphylactic shock. The patient was stable and in the de-escalation dose of adrenaline (0.05 µg/kg/h). Twenty-two hours from exposure, the patient experienced pulmonary edema that required intubation, both adrenaline and dobutamine to maintain blood pressure. Echocardiography revealed a reduced ejection fraction of 35%. Subsequent coronary angiography showed no signs of coronary obstruction and left ventriculography provided typical apical ballooning and hyperkinesia in the basal region, highly suggesting TTS. The patient was successfully treated with inotrope and vasopressor and was discharged in stable condition after 7 days and improved normal heart function after 4 weeks. This case demonstrates the delayed onset of adrenaline-induced takotsubo complicated with pulmonary edema in a patient with anaphylactic shock due to antibiotics despite a de-escalation dose of adrenaline. Regardless of the duration of the event or the optimal epinephrine dosage in patients with anaphylactic shock, physicians should be aware of the risk of TTS.</p>","PeriodicalId":46536,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"25 2","pages":"152-155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12002152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vascular complications of amebic liver abscess - Computed tomography case series with review of the literature.","authors":"Bhavna Arora, Lovleen Kakkar, Sachin Mahal","doi":"10.4103/tjem.tjem_108_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tjem.tjem_108_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amebiasis is a parasitic infection with amebic liver abscess (ALA) being the most common extraintestinal manifestation. Common complications of ALA include rupture into the pleural, pericardial, or peritoneal cavity. Uncommonly, they can cause vascular complications such as thrombosis of the hepatic vein and inferior vena cava which may further extend to the right atrium or may embolize resulting in pulmonary thromboembolism. In this study, we report three patients with vascular complications in ALA. The presence of vascular pathology in ALAs should not be missed. With its detection and prompt treatment, the progression of vascular complications can be prevented.</p>","PeriodicalId":46536,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"25 2","pages":"143-146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12002144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}