磷化铝:毒理学概况、健康风险、环境影响和管理方案:综述。

IF 2.3 Q3 EMERGENCY MEDICINE
Selin Çakmakcı Karakaya, Cavit Işık Yavuz
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引用次数: 0

摘要

磷化铝(AlP)是一种常见的农药,因其对环境、健康和工作相关的负面影响而闻名。它的高可用性和易于获得性使其成为许多低收入和中等收入国家选择的自杀方法。当AlP与湿气或水发生反应时,它会释放出磷化氢气体,磷化氢气体很快被人体吸收,导致严重的毒性作用,甚至死亡。在大规模熏蒸或意外接触的情况下,职业和环境健康风险特别高。2023年,在基耶省,有两人(其中一人是儿童)死于影响工作场所和环境并导致住院治疗的AlP事故。2024年,又报告了更多疑似病例,凸显了持续存在的风险。急救人员,特别是急诊科团队、护理人员和消防员,在处理这些病例时面临着很大的暴露风险。在最初干预期间缺乏意识和适当的保护措施可能导致二次接触,使危机恶化。照顾受害者的医务人员也有受到感染的危险,这进一步强调需要采取严格的安全预防措施。此外,这种污染可能会对土壤和水造成不可逆转的损害。因此,本文综述了其理化性质、毒性机制、目前的治疗方式、对健康和环境的影响以及预防措施。鉴于其高毒性和频繁使用,提高急救人员和医疗保健专业人员的认识和准备是至关重要的。这是一个实践教训,有助于改进安全规程和应急反应,以减轻健康危害和环境影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Aluminum phosphide: Toxicological profiles, health risks, environmental impact, and management protocols: A review.

Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is a common pesticide known for extremely negative environmental, health, and work-related outcomes. Its high availability and easy accessibility have led it to become the chosen method of suicide in many low- and middle-income countries. When AlP reacts with moisture or water, it releases phosphine gas, which is quickly absorbed by the body and leads to severe toxic effects, even death. Occupational and environmental health risks are particularly high in cases of large-scale fumigation or accidental exposure. In Türkiye, two people, one of whom was a child, died due to AlP accidents that affected workplaces and the environment and caused hospitalizations in 2023. In 2024, further suspected cases have been reported, highlighting the ongoing risk. First responders, particularly emergency department team, paramedics, and firefighters, are at significant risk of exposure when managing these cases. The lack of awareness and appropriate protective measures during initial intervention can lead to secondary exposure, worsening the crisis. Medical staff taking care of victims are also at risk of being exposed, further emphasizing the need for stringent safety precautions. Besides, this pollution might cause irreversible damage to soil and water. Thus, this review provides insight into the physical and chemical properties, mechanism of toxicity, current treatment modalities, health-environmental effects, and preventive measures. Given its high toxicity and frequent usage, increased awareness and preparedness among first responders and healthcare professionals are essential. This is a lesson in practice for better safety protocols and emergency response to mitigate health hazards and environmental impacts.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
30
审稿时长
22 weeks
期刊介绍: The Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine (Turk J Emerg Med) is an International, peer-reviewed, open-access journal that publishes clinical and experimental trials, case reports, invited reviews, case images, letters to the Editor, and interesting research conducted in all fields of Emergency Medicine. The Journal is the official scientific publication of the Emergency Medicine Association of Turkey (EMAT) and is printed four times a year, in January, April, July and October. The language of the journal is English. The Journal is based on independent and unbiased double-blinded peer-reviewed principles. Only unpublished papers that are not under review for publication elsewhere can be submitted. The authors are responsible for the scientific content of the material to be published. The Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine reserves the right to request any research materials on which the paper is based. The Editorial Board of the Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine and the Publisher adheres to the principles of the International Council of Medical Journal Editors, the World Association of Medical Editors, the Council of Science Editors, the Committee on Publication Ethics, the US National Library of Medicine, the US Office of Research Integrity, the European Association of Science Editors, and the International Society of Managing and Technical Editors.
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