Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Bilateral continuous serratus anterior plane block: An effective alternative for bilateral multiple rib fracture analgesia","authors":"Anju Gupta, A.A.M. Ahmed, A. Malviya","doi":"10.4103/2452-2473.336104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2452-2473.336104","url":null,"abstract":"Pain due to rib fracture leads to respiratory impairment and bilateral fractures impact respiratory mechanics in the worst manner. Thoracic epidural analgesia is the gold standard for bilateral rib fractures but is technically difficult, entails potentially serious complications, and necessitates patient repositioning. Ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) has recently gained favor for alleviating thoracic pain and can be performed in patients lying supine, rendering it particularly useful in polytrauma patients who are unable to sit up or turn lateral for regional blocks on the back. Use of continuous bilateral SAPB for rib fractures has been underutilized. We report a case of a polytrauma patient who had bilateral multiple rib fracture along with vertebral and pelvic fractures due to which she was in severe pain and was unable to move to provide any kind of positioning for the blocks. Bilateral SAPB provided effective pain relief and facilitated early recovery and pulmonary rehabilitation of the patient.","PeriodicalId":46536,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"80 1","pages":"51 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91233641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a nomogram to predict the outcome of moderate or severe pediatric traumatic brain injury","authors":"T. Oearsakul, Thara Tunthanathip","doi":"10.4103/2452-2473.336107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2452-2473.336107","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children has become the major cause of mortality and morbidity in Thailand that has had an impact with economic consequences. This study aimed to develop and internally validate a nomogram for a 6-month follow-up outcome prediction in moderate or severe pediatric TBI. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study involved 104 children with moderate or severe TBI. Various clinical variables were reviewed. The functional outcome was assessed at the hospital discharge and at a 6-month follow-up based on the King's Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury classification. Predictors associated with the 6-month follow-up outcome were developed from the predictive model using multivariable binary logistic regression to estimate the performance and internal validation. A nomogram was developed and presented as a predictive model. RESULTS: The mean age of the samples was 99.75 months (standard deviation 59.65). Road traffic accidents were the highest injury mechanism at 84.6%. The predictive model comprised Glasgow Coma Scale of 3–8 (odds ratio [OR]: 16.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27–202.42), pupillary response in one eye (OR 7.74; 95% CI 1.26–47.29), pupillary nonresponse in both eyes (OR: 57.74; 95% CI: 2.28–145.81), hypotension (OR: 19.54; 95%: CI 3.23–117.96), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (OR: 9.01, 95% CI: 1.33–60.80). The concordance statistic index (C-index) of the model's discrimination was 0.931, while the C-index following the bootstrapping and 5-cross validation were 0.920 and 0.924, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The performance of a clinical nomogram for predicting 6-month follow-up outcomes in pediatric TBI patients was assessed at an excellent level. However, further external validation would be required for the confirmation of the tool's performance.","PeriodicalId":46536,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":"15 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87258060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The end-of-life care in the emergency department setting with respect to the Middle East countries and comparison with the Western countries","authors":"A. Qureshi, Jassim Mohammad, Ali Mohammed Elkandow, Prof. Jayappa(J) Hanumanthappa Davanagere, A. Ariboyina, Süha Türkmen","doi":"10.4103/2452-2473.336105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2452-2473.336105","url":null,"abstract":"Patients who are affected with severe chronic illness or in need for end-of-life care ((EOLC), they are mainly treated in the emergency departments (EDs) to provide the utmost amount of care for their condition. The major aspects which impact the accessibility of care in the ED include the clinical, social, and economic factors in different regions of countries. In recent years as the EOLC has been provided, it has been observed that patients experiencing EOL and dealing with a dying process do not always achieve the experience what resonates with a good death. The main cause of concern for these patients is the problem that in the ED they do not have access to palliative care options, mainly the ones who are suffering from noncancer ailments. These patients are provided palliative care at a very later stage in the ED when they could have been provided with palliative management at home in an earlier manner. EOLC plays a very critical role in ensuring that terminally ill patients are given a proper and adequate amount of care. The present article aims to highlight the EOLC in the ED in the Middle-Eastern regions. We aim to present a broader view that has impacted the current situation of EOLC in the Middle East regions and demonstrate a description of the EOLC in an ED setting between the Middle Eastern regions and western culture focusing on the following five important factors: Situation acceptance in the ED, cultural compatibility of bioethics, treatment perspective, skills among clinical providers and physician's attitude. In this literature review, we present the evidence associated with the EOLC in the ED setting with respect to the Middle East countries and bring out their differences in the religious, clinical, social, ethical, and economic aspects in comparison with the Western countries. We also tried to determine the differences between the two regions in terms of the principle of explaining the fatal diagnosis or poor prognosis, family relations, and do-not-resuscitate decision. This comparative analysis will help to bring out the gaps in the quality of care in the ED in the Middle East countries and promote the development of well-assessed policies and strategies to improve EOLC. The findings of this study and the future interventions that can be implemented to improve the structure and design of the EOLC that will act as a guiding force to execute evidence-based quality improvement program.","PeriodicalId":46536,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85841351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravenous morphine plus ibuprofen or ketorolac versus intravenous morphine alone in reducing renal colic pain intensity in emergency department: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial","authors":"Arash Safaie, Maryam Tavoli, S. Babaniamansour, Ehsan Aliniagerdroudbari, Amirabbas Mousavi, Mehran Sotoodehnia, M. Bahreini","doi":"10.4103/2452-2473.336108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2452-2473.336108","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of intravenous (IV) morphine plus ibuprofen or ketorolac versus IV morphine alone in controlling renal colic pain in the emergency department. METHODS: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted during November 2018 and March 2019 in Iran. Patients aged 18–65 years with acute renal colic and numerical rating scale (NRS) score of higher than 6 of 10 were enrolled to the study. They were randomly assigned to I, K, and control groups receiving 5 mg morphine with 800 mg ibuprofen (n = 65), 5 mg morphine with 30 mg ketorolac (n = 65), or only 5 mg morphine (n = 65) intravenously, respectively. NRS was evaluated 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min after injection. RESULTS: A total of 195 participants took part in the study. The presence of stone in pelvis area was higher in I group (P = 0.027). The mean rescue analgesic dose was higher in the control group and lower in K group (P = 0.031). From the 15th min, the NRS reduction in I and K group was higher than the control group (P < 0.001), but the difference between I and K group was not statistically significant in total (P = 1.0) or in the all follow-up time intervals (15th P = 0.864, 30th P = 0.493, 60th P = 0.493, and 120th min P = 1.0). The largest difference in pain reduction was observed in 120th min and mean of NRS was 2.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.6–3.3), 2.9 (95% CI: 2.6–3.3) and 7.0 (95% CI: 6.7–7.4) in I, K and control group, respectively. The adverse effects showed in 18.5%, 20.0%, and 13.8% of I, K, and control group, respectively. CONCLUSION: IV ibuprofen plus morphine and IV ketorolac plus morphine had similar effects in reducing renal colic pain but were more effective than IV morphine alone.","PeriodicalId":46536,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":"8 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86784586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2021 Guideline for the Management of COPD Exacerbations: Emergency Medicine Association of Turkey (EMAT) / Turkish Thoracic Society (TTS) Clinical Practice Guideline Task Force.","authors":"Nurettin Özgür Doğan,&nbsp;Yelda Varol,&nbsp;Nurdan Köktürk,&nbsp;Ersin Aksay,&nbsp;Aylin Özgen Alpaydın,&nbsp;Şeref Kerem Çorbacıoğlu,&nbsp;Gökhan Aksel,&nbsp;Ayşe Baha,&nbsp;Haldun Akoğlu,&nbsp;Sevilay Karahan,&nbsp;Elif Şen,&nbsp;Begüm Ergan,&nbsp;Başak Bayram,&nbsp;Serkan Yılmaz,&nbsp;Alev Gürgün,&nbsp;Mehmet Polatlı","doi":"10.4103/2452-2473.329630","DOIUrl":"10.4103/2452-2473.329630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important public health problem that manifests with exacerbations and causes serious mortality and morbidity in both developed and developing countries. COPD exacerbations usually present to emergency departments, where these patients are diagnosed and treated. Therefore, the Emergency Medicine Association of Turkey and the Turkish Thoracic Society jointly wanted to implement a guideline that evaluates the management of COPD exacerbations according to the current literature and provides evidence-based recommendations. In the management of COPD exacerbations, we aim to support the decision-making process of clinicians dealing with these patients in the emergency setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":46536,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"21 4","pages":"137-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5b/dc/TJEM-21-137.PMC8593424.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39769500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Salmonella paratyphi</i>-induced splenic vein thrombosis: A case report on infrequent cause of acute abdomen.","authors":"Ruchika Saini,&nbsp;Gautam Jesrani,&nbsp;Monica Gupta,&nbsp;Samiksha Gupta,&nbsp;Ankit Chhabra","doi":"10.4103/2452-2473.329625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2452-2473.329625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Splenic vein thrombosis and splenic infarction are complications beyond the usual clinical spectrum of paratyphoid fever, and the presentation is rarely described. We report the case of a young female, who presented with high-grade fever and severe left upper quadrant pain. Her blood culture was positive for <i>Salmonella paratyphi</i> A, with Widal test suggesting 4-fold rise in titers. Computed tomography revealed splenic vein thrombosis and multiple splenic infarcts, for which antibiotic and anticoagulation were instituted simultaneously. She had a complete resolution with this management, and anticoagulation was tapered off on subsequent visits.</p>","PeriodicalId":46536,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"21 4","pages":"210-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a7/e3/TJEM-21-210.PMC8593428.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39679905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of intravenous paracetamol and ibuprofen on the treatment of tonsillopharyngitis with fever: A prospective, randomized controlled, double-blind clinical trial.","authors":"Gizem Oncel,&nbsp;Atakan Yilmaz,&nbsp;Ramazan Sabirli,&nbsp;Yesim Kinaci Cimen,&nbsp;Mert Ozen,&nbsp;Murat Seyit,&nbsp;Ibrahim Turkcuer,&nbsp;Uzeyir Cimen","doi":"10.4103/2452-2473.329629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2452-2473.329629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Tonsillopharyngitis is one of the constituents of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Fever is a URTI symptom requiring treatment due to the occurrence of discomfort and high fever-based complications. This study primarily sets out to observe and compare the efficacy of intravenous administration of paracetamol and ibuprofen drugs on fever in adult patients with tonsillopharyngitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was performed in a prospective, randomized controlled, double-blind design. The study population was divided as Group 1 (treated with paracetamol) and as Group 2 (treated with ibuprofen). While the first group was treated with paracetamol as 1000 mg in 150 ml normal saline, the second group was treated with ibuprofen as 400 mg in 150 ml normal saline. The primary outcome was the decrease in fever at 15, 30, and 60 min, while the secondary outcome was the need for additional treatment after 60 min.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and eighty-five patients were included in the final analysis. The mean age of the paracetamol group (57.4% male) was 28.36 ± 9.6, whereas that of the ibuprofen group (54.9% male) was 27.45 ± 7.98. Fever was reduced significantly between 0 and 60 min in both groups (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.001 and <i>P</i> ≤ 0.001, respectively). Although the antipyretic effect of ibuprofen was more pronounced in the early period than that of paracetamol, no significant difference was noted between the two groups in terms of fever drop between 0 and 60 min (<i>P</i> = 0.350).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although both drugs prove effective in controlling fever at the 60 min, stronger efficacy of ibuprofen in the first 15 min may enable rapid discharge from the emergency department.</p>","PeriodicalId":46536,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"21 4","pages":"177-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b2/e9/TJEM-21-177.PMC8593431.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39769498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective intubation with endotracheal tube introducer in difficult airway: A randomized, prospective, cross-over study.","authors":"Hakan Özerol,&nbsp;Emre Şancı,&nbsp;Onur Karakayalı,&nbsp;Erdem Aydın,&nbsp;Hüseyin Cahit Halhallı","doi":"10.4103/2452-2473.329632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2452-2473.329632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Selective lung intubation is a life-saving procedure in emergency departments. While various equipment can be used in selective lung intubation, most of this equipment is not readily available; therefore, single-lumen endotracheal intubations are performed for rapid interventions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study was designed as a randomized, prospective, cross-over study using the 90° rotation technique for selective intubation on a manikin model with and without endotracheal tube introducer (ETI) in difficult airway settings. Forty-six emergency physicians were included in the study. The primary outcome was evaluating time to selective intubations, and secondary outcomes were first and second attempt success rates and the self-perceived difficulty level of each method according to the participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean time to the first successful endotracheal intubation was significantly longer for both right selective and left selective intubations with ETI utilization than without ([39.71 ± 9.83 vs. 21.86 ± 5.94 s], [<i>P</i> < 0.001]), ([42.2 ± 10.81 vs. 26.23 ± 7.97 s], [<i>P</i> < 0.001], respectively). The first-pass success rate did not differ for right selective intubation with or without an ETI (45/46 [97.8%] and 45/46 [97.8%], respectively). However, the first-pass success rate for left selective intubation was significantly higher with ETI as compared to without an ETI (30/46 [65.2%] and 13/46 [28.3%], respectively) (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While the success rates of right selective intubation were the same, the left selective intubation success rates with ETI are higher than the styletted endotracheal tube, which can be strong evidence for this method's applicability in practice. Expanding the use of ETI and increasing the experience of the practitioners can contribute to further success.</p>","PeriodicalId":46536,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"21 4","pages":"205-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c1/85/TJEM-21-205.PMC8593425.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39769503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A successful treatment with intravenous lipid emulsion therapy in a child with verapamil poisoning.","authors":"Merve Havan,&nbsp;Tanıl Kendirli,&nbsp;Serhan Özcan,&nbsp;Melih Timuçin Doğan,&nbsp;Ahmet Onur Yiğit,&nbsp;Tayfun Uçar","doi":"10.4103/2452-2473.329626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2452-2473.329626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, intravenous lipid emulsion therapy (ILE) was used for lipophilic drug intoxications, and successful results were obtained. In the literature, there is a small number of reported cases about verapamil intoxication and ILE therapy in the pediatric age group. We used ILE therapy in a 14-year-old girl with verapamil intoxication in the 2^nd h of the pediatric intensive care unit stay, before using traditional treatments such as glucagon and hyperinsulinemic euglycemia. She had resistant bradycardia and hypotension which was unresponsive to inotropic agents and a successful result was obtained after using ILE treatment. We believe our report may contribute to the early use of ILE therapy for toxicity with calcium channel blockers such as verapamil in pediatric patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":46536,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"21 4","pages":"217-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9b/59/TJEM-21-217.PMC8593422.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39679909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of synthetic cannabinoids on the cardiovascular system: A case-control study.","authors":"Selman Yeniocak,&nbsp;Asım Kalkan,&nbsp;Adnan Yamanoğlu,&nbsp;Semi Öztürk,&nbsp;Özgür Söğüt,&nbsp;Merve Metiner","doi":"10.4103/2452-2473.329634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2452-2473.329634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Limited clinical studies have investigated the effects of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) on the cardiovascular system (CVS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of SCs on the CVS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The patient group of this single-center, prospective, case-control study consisted of adult patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with symptoms of SC use. Vital signs and electrocardiogram (ECG) after use of SC of patients were followed. A control group with a similar number of patients and patient demographics were formed following the patient admission process. Pulse rate, arterial blood pressure (ABP), and ECG of patient and control groups were compared using Mann-Whitney U and Chi-squared tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 148 people were included in the study, 74 in the patient group and 74 in the control group. Systolic and diastolic ABPs of patient group were statistically significantly lower than those of the control group (<i>P</i> < 0.001). P-wave width and amplitude in the patient group were significantly higher compared to the control group (<i>P</i>: 0.027 and <i>P</i>: 0.004, respectively). QRS width on patient group ECGs was significantly higher than in the control group, while T-wave amplitude was significantly lower (<i>P</i>: 0.045 and <i>P</i> < 0.001, respectively). ST elevation was seen in 12 (16.2%) subjects in the patient group, while no ST elevation was seen in the control group (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SCs can reduce systemic tension and SCs may cause changes in ECG, especially <i>P</i> wave, ST segment, T wave, and QRS. Further large-scale studies are needed to show whether these changes are associated with fatal arrhythmias or myocardial infarction.</p>","PeriodicalId":46536,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine","volume":"21 4","pages":"198-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/69/fe/TJEM-21-198.PMC8593429.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39769502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}