Ancient Mesoamerica最新文献_第4页

All that glitters is not pyrite: A geochemical assessment of iron-ore objects used by the Classic Maya 所有闪闪发光的不是黄铁矿:这是对古典玛雅人使用的铁矿石物体的地球化学评估

3区历史学

Ancient Mesoamerica Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1017/s0956536121000353

Tomás Barrientos Q., Andrea Sandoval, Yoshiyuki Iizuka, Tanya Carías P.

{"title":"All that glitters is not pyrite: A geochemical assessment of iron-ore objects used by the Classic Maya","authors":"Tomás Barrientos Q., Andrea Sandoval, Yoshiyuki Iizuka, Tanya Carías P.","doi":"10.1017/s0956536121000353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956536121000353","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Different types of iron ore and pyrite were used to craft a wide variety of reflective artifacts in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, including “mirrors,” pectorals, necklaces, and dental inlays, among others. In the Maya region, most of these have only been visually assessed, without using analytical techniques. Consequently, our understanding of the diversity of raw materials used in artifact production has been limited. This article presents preliminary results from a pilot study aiming to identify the raw materials used in the manufacture of different reflective objects from a small sample of finds from the sites of La Corona and Cancuen, located in Guatemala, through the use of scanning electron microscopy with EDS detectors (SEM-EDS), energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. Although further analyses are needed to confirm the representativeness of the sample, these results indicate the use of hematite and goethite (iron oxides), but not pyrite (iron sulfide). This study also shows how improved knowledge of raw material use can elicit previously unknown patterns of distribution and exchange, and highlight patterns of inter- and intrasite variability in the production, use, and exchange of reflective objects over time in the Maya region throughout the Classic period.","PeriodicalId":46480,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Mesoamerica","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134912942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Análisis tecnológico de los mosaicos de pirita de Tak'alik Ab'aj Tak'alik Ab'aj黄铁矿马赛克的技术分析

3区历史学

Ancient Mesoamerica Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1017/s0956536121000663

Christa Schieber de Lavarreda, Emiliano Ricardo Melgar Tísoc, Reyna Beatriz Solís Ciriaco, Miguel Orrego Corzo, Jeremías Claudio

{"title":"Análisis tecnológico de los mosaicos de pirita de Tak'alik Ab'aj","authors":"Christa Schieber de Lavarreda, Emiliano Ricardo Melgar Tísoc, Reyna Beatriz Solís Ciriaco, Miguel Orrego Corzo, Jeremías Claudio","doi":"10.1017/s0956536121000663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956536121000663","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen El sitio de Tak'alik Ab'aj se encuentra en la bocacosta suroccidental de Guatemala. Durante las excavaciones del Entierro 1 de la Estructura 7A, fechado para finales del preclásico tardío (150 d.C.), se recuperó un rico ajuar funerario compuesto por decenas de piezas de jadeitita, hematita, pirita y cuatro mosaicos “reflectores” de este mismo material. Cada uno fue labrado con la misma tecnología de manufactura y soporte “flexible” de fragmentos de cerámica (ensamblados con resina) por primera vez documentado, y diseño propio para la función y significado que desempeñara. Dos de ellos fueron integrados en la pechera y faldellín del traje ceremonial; los otros dos como parte del ajuar adicional de un posible portaestandarte. En este trabajo se incluye el estudio traceológico-tecnológico de las teselas de estos mosaicos del Entierro 1 a través de la caracterización de sus huellas de manufactura con arqueología experimental y microscopías óptica y electrónica de barrido. De esta manera se detectó una elaboración muy estandarizada en la que se aprovecharon instrumentos hechos con rocas volcánicas locales, como la dacita, cuyo sello tecnológico no ha sido reportado hasta el momento en otra colección lapidaria maya.","PeriodicalId":46480,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Mesoamerica","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134911830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Classic Maya mirror conjurors of Waka', Guatemala 危地马拉瓦卡的经典玛雅镜子魔术师

3区历史学

Ancient Mesoamerica Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1017/s0956536122000141

David A. Freidel, Olivia C. Navarro-Farr, Michelle E. Rich, Juan Carlos Meléndez, Juan Carlos Pérez, Griselda Pérez Robles, Mary Kate Kelly

{"title":"Classic Maya mirror conjurors of Waka', Guatemala","authors":"David A. Freidel, Olivia C. Navarro-Farr, Michelle E. Rich, Juan Carlos Meléndez, Juan Carlos Pérez, Griselda Pérez Robles, Mary Kate Kelly","doi":"10.1017/s0956536122000141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956536122000141","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Classic period lowland Maya used iron-ore mosaic mirrors and deposited mirrors in the burials of rulers and other people. Depictions of mirrors suggest that they were used for scrying, as were mirrors in Mesoamerica at the time of the Spanish arrival. Maya mirror users of this kind were conjurors, who used a variety of other divining and conjuring instruments and materials, including plates and shallow bowls. Three rulers at El Peru-Waka', now called Waka' by researchers at the site, an ancient city in northwestern Peten, Guatemala, were buried with mirrors and associated divining and conjuring materials. Following a brief introduction to the city and its temples, we describe the arrangement of mirrors and associated materials in three royal tombs. We suggest that the mirrors in these tombs were used in conjuring supernatural beings into existence, particularly Akan, a death god and wahy spirit who was a patron of the Waka' realm. We propose that the rulers and mirror conjurors of Waka' were oracles and that Waka' was known for prophecy. References to Sihyaj K'ahk' in text and iconography at Waka', and his association with oracular paraphernalia such as mirrors, lead us to propose a prophetic aspect of the visit of Sihyaj K'ahk' to the site eight days prior to his famous arrival at Tikal in a.d. 378. We suggest that the three rulers we discuss were mirror oracles sustained by the prestige of the prophecy of Sihyaj K'ahk'.","PeriodicalId":46480,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Mesoamerica","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134911996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Los discos de Pizarra de Teotihuacán: caracterización y procedencia de la materia prima 特奥蒂瓦坎石板盘:原料的特征和来源

3区历史学

Ancient Mesoamerica Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1017/s0956536121000390

Julieta M. López Juárez, José Luis Ruvalcaba Sil, Marina Vega González, Manuel Aguilar Franco

{"title":"Los discos de Pizarra de Teotihuacán: caracterización y procedencia de la materia prima","authors":"Julieta M. López Juárez, José Luis Ruvalcaba Sil, Marina Vega González, Manuel Aguilar Franco","doi":"10.1017/s0956536121000390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956536121000390","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen Desde la antigüedad, los artefactos de pizarra fueron utilizados por sociedades asentadas en diversos puntos del continente americano; su uso abarcó diferentes temporalidades y múltiples formas. En el caso particular de Teotihuacán, ubicado en el centro de México, los artefactos en cuestión se reportan dentro y fuera de esta ciudad, depositados como ofrenda y asociados directamente al fuego, al agua y al inframundo. Aunque la pizarra fue una materia prima con una presencia constante en Teotihuacán, sólo se reconoce cuando aparece asociada a los espejos, cuando presenta diseños iconográficos, o con evidencia de decoración. Al respecto, en este texto señalamos la importancia de la pizarra en Teotihuacán, su cronología y contexto. De acuerdo con los resultados de los análisis tipológicos, geológicos y de caracterización, proponemos el aprovechamiento de diversas materias primas dentro de un mismo yacimiento, así como la identificación de las áreas de extracción de la pizarra utilizada por los teotihuacanos a través del tiempo. Estos datos nos permiten inferir las funciones rituales, simbólicas y jerárquicas de esta materia prima dentro de la metrópoli teotihuacana.","PeriodicalId":46480,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Mesoamerica","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134912182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Human–environment interactions at Ta'ab Nuk Na, a submerged Maya salt works site in Belize 位于伯利兹的玛雅盐厂Ta'ab Nuk Na的人与环境互动

IF 0.7 3区历史学

Ancient Mesoamerica Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.1017/s0956536123000196

Cheryl M. Foster, H. McKillop, E. Sills

{"title":"Human–environment interactions at Ta'ab Nuk Na, a submerged Maya salt works site in Belize","authors":"Cheryl M. Foster, H. McKillop, E. Sills","doi":"10.1017/s0956536123000196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956536123000196","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Sea-level rise and settlement are investigated at Ta'ab Nuk Na, an ancient Maya salt works in Belize, by examining samples from wooden posts and marine sediment. The samples included Post 145 of Building B and the Nunavut beam, along with marine sediment columns cut from beside both wooden posts. The sediment columns were sampled at 2 cm intervals. Loss-on ignition confirmed the presence of organic material. Identifying the organic content involved removing nonorganic material from the sediment and sorting the organic material under magnification. This procedure established that most of the organic material was red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle). Red mangroves tolerate salt water, but under conditions of sea-level rise, the plants grow vertically to keep their leaves above water. Sediment, leaves, and detritus trapped in the prop roots form mangrove peat, which serves as a proxy for sea-level rise. AMS dating of fine red mangrove roots determined that the local sea levels rose at Ta'ab Nuk Na throughout the Late Classic period and continued into the Postclassic period. Radiocarbon dates obtained from the wood-post samples yielded Late Classic–period dates. Comparing the radiocarbon dates from the wooden posts and the sediment core samples determined that the site was abandoned before the rising seas flooded the area. Evidently, sea-level rise did not play a role in site abandonment.","PeriodicalId":46480,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Mesoamerica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43531383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A preliminary bioarchaeological study of the funerary urns from Los Tamarindos, Tierra Caliente, in Michoacan, Mexico 墨西哥米彻肯州加利福尼亚州洛斯塔马林多斯urns的初步生物考古研究

IF 0.7 3区历史学

Ancient Mesoamerica Pub Date : 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.1017/s0956536123000184

A. Budziszewski

引用次数: 0

Noble houses and palaces: reconsidering the existence of palaces in Late Postclassic (A.D. 1250/1300–1519) Tepeticpac, Tlaxcallan 贵族住宅和宫殿：重新思考后古典主义晚期（公元1250/1300–1519年）特佩蒂帕克，特拉斯卡兰宫殿的存在

IF 0.7 3区历史学

Ancient Mesoamerica Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.1017/s0956536123000123

M. A. Robles Salmerón, A. L. Corral, M. T. Salomón Salazar

引用次数: 0

ATM volume 34 issue 2 Cover and Back matter ATM第34卷第2期封底