Ancient Mesoamerica最新文献_第3页

The duplication diacritic: A case study of variation and change in Mayan writing 重复音节：玛雅文字变异的个案研究

IF 0.7 3区历史学

Ancient Mesoamerica Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1017/s0956536123000317

David F. Mora-Marín

{"title":"The duplication diacritic: A case study of variation and change in Mayan writing","authors":"David F. Mora-Marín","doi":"10.1017/s0956536123000317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956536123000317","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the duplication diacritic of Epigraphic Mayan (ISO 639-3 emy) during the Classic period (a.d. 200–900). Cataloged as grapheme 22A, it consists of two dots optionally and rarely affixed to another grapheme to command the reader, in the majority of cases, to read a syllabogram twice in sequence. This article reviews prior literature on the diacritic, elaborates a typology of four distinct but ultimately related functions, and employs a data set compiled by means of the Maya Hieroglyphic Database to determine via statistical tests whether scriptal, linguistic, media, geographic, and temporal factors were influential in its distribution, and more narrowly, its various functions. The results indicate that two lexemes, käkäw ‘cacao’ and k'ahk’ ‘fire,’ account for several of the scriptal and linguistic traits that show significant relationships with 22A, with the former, käkäw, likely serving as a major prototype in the evolution of 22A. It is also pointed out that 22A is absent from the Postclassic (a.d. 900–1521) codices, suggesting that one of the Classic regional subtraditions with lowest frequency of use of 22A may have been a direct ancestor of the subtraditions responsible for the codices.","PeriodicalId":46480,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Mesoamerica","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140035592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sounds in context: Archaeoacoustical studies of instruments from Comalcalco and Jonuta, pre-Hispanic Maya sites 背景中的声音：前西班牙玛雅遗址科马尔卡尔科和约努塔乐器的考古声学研究

IF 0.7 3区历史学

Ancient Mesoamerica Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1017/s0956536123000251

Francisca Zalaquett, Miriam Judith Gallegos, Ricardo Armijo, Dulce Espino

引用次数: 0

Establishing the Terminal Classic Ik'hubil Ceramic Sphere in the Eastern Maya Lowlands of Belize 在伯利兹的东玛雅低地建立终端经典Ik'hubil陶瓷球

3区历史学

Ancient Mesoamerica Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1017/s0956536123000214

Eleanor Harrison-Buck

引用次数: 0

Rehabilitating El Pozito, Northern Belize: a Classic Maya town and its socioeconomic history as reflected in ceramics and architecture 修复北伯利兹的埃尔波齐托:一个经典的玛雅城镇，它的社会经济历史反映在陶瓷和建筑上

3区历史学

Ancient Mesoamerica Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1017/s0956536123000172

Keith Eppich, Joseph W. Ball

{"title":"Rehabilitating El Pozito, Northern Belize: a Classic Maya town and its socioeconomic history as reflected in ceramics and architecture","authors":"Keith Eppich, Joseph W. Ball","doi":"10.1017/s0956536123000172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956536123000172","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article revisits a long-neglected site in Northern Belize, the Classic Maya settlement of El Pozito, located in the Orange Walk District. Investigations led by Mary Neivens and Dennis Puleston explored the site between 1974 and 1976, documenting its architecture and recovering a substantial quantity of artifacts. Afterward, events conspired to bring these investigations to a close, leaving the site in a half-century scholarly limbo. The research here seeks to rectify this. Combining extant field notes with sporadic publications and recently conducted ceramic analysis, the authors reconstructed El Pozito's sequence of construction, occupation, and usage over 20 centuries. This new research revealed a settlement of surprising complexity, combining aspects of urban functionality amid a landscape of rural complexity. This article argues that the best way to understand such complexity is through the conceptual lens of a “town.” Neither a city nor a dispersed rural settlement, El Pozito functioned as a critical node that connected local, agrarian Maya with each other as well as the whole of the Classic Maya world. In this way, the research here seeks to rehabilitate this site, rescue it from its scholarly limbo, and restore its place in understanding the complex pre-Columbian landscapes of Northern Belize.","PeriodicalId":46480,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Mesoamerica","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135883617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From simple row of dots to the rain god calendar: Interpretation of the pecked cross petroglyph from the Late Postclassic Tetzcotzinco 从简单的一排点到雨神日历:对后古典晚期特特科钦科(Tetzcotzinco)的带钩十字架岩画的解读

3区历史学

Ancient Mesoamerica Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1017/s0956536123000226

Daniel Prusaczyk

{"title":"From simple row of dots to the rain god calendar: Interpretation of the pecked cross petroglyph from the Late Postclassic Tetzcotzinco","authors":"Daniel Prusaczyk","doi":"10.1017/s0956536123000226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956536123000226","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents and analyzes a newly discovered petroglyph from Tetzcotzinco (mun. Texcoco, Mexico) in the form of arranged pecked dots. Based on what is known about Mesoamerican divinatory systems, calendars, and the perception of space, the interpretation takes into account both the encoded numerical values and the layout of the dots. The main argument is that this and similar representations’ function was not limited to simple counting of days or serving as a kind of astronomical marker, in which the arms of the cross indicated, for example, equinoxes, which is by far their most common interpretation in academic literature. Instead, it represented calendrical cycles through the numbers, as suggested by some scholars. Based on this hypothesis, the article explores the possible connection between numbers registered in Tetzcotzinco's “pecked cross” and specific diagrams from indigenous divinatory books. Therefore, the plausible interpretation of the symbolism of this petroglyph is that it either expressed a series of meanings related to the agrarian period(s) and rain god(s) or less-known Mesoamerican calendrical cycles, such as half trecenas or seven- and nine-day periods.","PeriodicalId":46480,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Mesoamerica","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135816762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The other side of the mirror. Maya Late Classic iron-ore artifact production: an insight from Cancuen 镜子的另一面。玛雅晚期经典的铁矿石制品生产:来自坎昆的见解

3区历史学

Ancient Mesoamerica Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1017/s0956536121000602

Chloé Andrieu, Naya Cadalen

引用次数: 0

The mirrors from Chiapa de Corzo: an early example for the Classic pyrite mirrors? 恰帕德科尔佐的镜子:经典黄铁矿镜子的早期例子?

3区历史学

Ancient Mesoamerica Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1017/s0956536121000535

Emiliano Gallaga, Emiliano Melgar, Lynneth Lowe

{"title":"The mirrors from Chiapa de Corzo: an early example for the Classic pyrite mirrors?","authors":"Emiliano Gallaga, Emiliano Melgar, Lynneth Lowe","doi":"10.1017/s0956536121000535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956536121000535","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Smith and Kidder (1951:44) were among the first to highlight pyrite pre-Hispanic mirrors as “marvels of painstaking craftsmanship.” These mirrors present reflective surfaces consisting of 20–50 pyrite tesserae with beveled edges, perfectly cut, and average 2 mm in thickness. The first known examples of mirrors in Mesoamerica were the “Olmec” type—a concave mirror created from a single hematite piece developed during the Middle Preclassic period. Later, in the Classic period, pyrite mosaic mirrors replaced them. Unfortunately, we do not understand the changes from one type to the other. In this work, we present two pyrite mirrors found at the site of Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas, Mexico, dating around 700–500 b.c. , as possible forerunners of Classic pyrite mirrors. Also, we present traceological analysis of their manufacturing process using experimental archaeology and scanning electron microscopy. Based on these examinations, we identify likely materials and techniques employed in crafting them. We posit that production of these mirrors could have been the result of the development of specialized artisans at distinct workshops, increasing the complexity and labor investment in the lapidary objects as prestige goods.","PeriodicalId":46480,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Mesoamerica","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134912350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Mirrors and reflective objects at Kaminaljuyu Kaminaljuyu的镜子和反射物

3区历史学

Ancient Mesoamerica Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1017/s095653612200013x

Bárbara Arroyo

引用次数: 2

Mesoamerican iron-ore mirrors found in Costa Rica: unraveling the interaction between the Chibcha and Maya regions 哥斯达黎加发现的中美洲铁矿石镜:揭示奇布查和玛雅地区之间的相互作用

3区历史学

Ancient Mesoamerica Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1017/s0956536122000177

Silvia Salgado, Matthieu Ménager, Bárbara Arroyo, David Freidel

{"title":"Mesoamerican iron-ore mirrors found in Costa Rica: unraveling the interaction between the Chibcha and Maya regions","authors":"Silvia Salgado, Matthieu Ménager, Bárbara Arroyo, David Freidel","doi":"10.1017/s0956536122000177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956536122000177","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nearly 60 complete or fragmentary slate backings from iron-ore mirrors have been found in pre-Columbian funerary contexts in northern Costa Rica, including a couple that bear Maya hieroglyphic inscriptions. With the exception of a single example dating between a.d. 800 and 1550, these slate objects typically occur in contexts dating from 300 b.c. to a.d. 500–600. Recent geochemical analyses indicate foreign production of these artifacts, likely in the Maya area, where slate-backed iron-ore mirrors were related to power, shamanism, and divination, and were manufactured by highly specialized artisans working under the patronage of members of the elite, particularly in the Classic period. In this article we address the question of when, how, and why mirrors from Mesoamerica made their way to Costa Rica and, ultimately, into the funerary contexts from which they have been recovered. To that end, we analyze the regions, contexts, style, and chronology of these Costa Rican examples and compare them with contemporary styles and contexts in the Maya area, including a reinterpretation of one mirror-back presenting hieroglyphic inscriptions. Finally, we explore potential distribution routes and the potential mechanisms of exchange that existed between these distant, yet somehow related areas.","PeriodicalId":46480,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Mesoamerica","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134911840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Introduction: Recent research on iron-ore mirrors in Mesoamerica and Central America 前言:中、中美洲铁矿镜研究近况

3区历史学

Ancient Mesoamerica Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1017/s0956536121000614

Matthieu Ménager, Silvia Salgado, David Freidel

引用次数: 0