ARYA Atherosclerosis最新文献

{"title":"Mortality after emergency lower limb amputation due to ischemia: A case series.","authors":"Henrique José Pereira de Godoy, Laura Ignácio Cunha, Bruna Aparecida Nunes Marra, Thays Andrade de Souza Lopes, Julia Vendemiatti Correia, José Maria Pereira de Godoy","doi":"10.48305/arya.2025.43395.3020","DOIUrl":"10.48305/arya.2025.43395.3020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Morbidity and mortality rates in patients with peripheral arterial disease range from 30% to 70% during the 5- to 15-year period after diagnosis. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the mortality rate after emergency leg amputation and analyze the cause of death.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this case series study, the incidence and cause of mortality, level of amputation, presence of chronic arterial disease, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and arterial hypertension were evaluated in 100 consecutive patient records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-one male and 39 female patients with a mean age of 66 years were studied. Amputation was indicated urgently in 86% of patients. Most (60%) suffered supra-genicular amputation, with 11 (18.33%) deaths, and 40% infra-genicular amputation, with seven (17.5%) deaths. The total death rate was 18%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mortality in the perioperative period of emergency major lower limb amputation remains high, with infection being the leading cause.</p>","PeriodicalId":46477,"journal":{"name":"ARYA Atherosclerosis","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13069126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From association to causation: Integrating stable, subgroup-aware SHAP explanations with causal inference for trustworthy AI in coronary bifurcation PCI.","authors":"Alireza Khosravi Farsani, Iman Zand, Ehsan Shirvani, Bashir Najafabdian, Mohaddeseh Behjati","doi":"10.48305/arya.2025.45815.3117","DOIUrl":"10.48305/arya.2025.45815.3117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronary bifurcation lesions (CBLs) represent 15-20% of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) and are associated with increased procedural complexity and adverse outcomes. Although machine learning (ML) models show promise in stratifying lesion complexity, their clinical adoption requires not only high accuracy but also robust, equitable, and causally interpretable explanations.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To develop high-performance ML models for classifying CBL complexity, to rigorously evaluate the stability and subgroup heterogeneity of SHAP-based explanations, and to extend interpretability from associative feature attribution to causal effect estimation using a unified counterfactual framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a prospective registry of 500 consecutive PCI patients at Chamran and Askariyeh Hospitals, Isfahan, Iran, from March 2023 to January 2025, lesions were stratified into three classes: non-bifurcation (Class 0), simple bifurcation (Class 1), and complex bifurcation (Class 2). Ten key predictors spanning demographics, angiographic morphology, and procedural variables were selected. Four ML models were optimized via cross-validation. SHAP values were used to quantify feature contributions. Interpretability stability was assessed over 1000 bootstrap iterations using the SHAP Stability Index (SSI) and Kendall's τ. Subgroup analyses were stratified by sex, diabetes, and hypertension. A causal inference pipeline, including a directed acyclic graph (DAG), propensity-stratified average treatment effects (ATE), doubly robust augmented inverse-propensity weighting (AIPW), mediation decomposition, and counterfactual simulation, was implemented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Random Forest model achieved near-perfect classification accuracy with high interpretability stability. Side-branch stenosis, heavy calcification, and bifurcation angle were the dominant global predictors. Subgroup analyses revealed clinically meaningful heterogeneity, with diabetic and female patients assigned substantially greater explanatory weight to calcification. Causal analysis confirmed that dual-stent use was associated with increased procedural risk, largely mediated through procedural intensity. Counterfactual simulation demonstrated that reducing side-branch stenosis meaningfully lowered predicted risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Integrating stable, subgroup-aware SHAP explanations with formal causal inference transforms ML from a predictive tool into a clinically actionable decision-support system. This dual framework enables clinicians to distinguish drivers of treatment selection from true determinants of outcome, supports equitable interpretation across patient subgroups, and quantifies the policy impact of hypothetical interventions, thereby advancing trustworthy, transparent, and individualized care in high-stakes interventional cardiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":46477,"journal":{"name":"ARYA Atherosclerosis","volume":"22 3","pages":"13-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13505310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting treatment outcomes by door-to-device time and baseline characteristics in STEMI patients undergoing PPCI: a cross-sectional study in southern Iran.","authors":"Sajad Vosoughi, Mohammad Adineh, Ali Kardooni, Mehrnaz Ahmadi, Saeed Ghanbari","doi":"10.48305/arya.2025.45242.3055","DOIUrl":"10.48305/arya.2025.45242.3055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is considered the gold standard for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treatment. While door-to-device (DTD) time critically influences outcomes, its combined impact with baseline characteristics requires further investigation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this descriptive cross-sectional analytical study, 163 patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI were recruited through convenience sampling at two hospitals affiliated with Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences between November 2024 and May 2025. Data were collected via hospital records and a researcher-designed checklist covering demographic and clinical variables. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of participants was 57.55 ± 13.19 years, and 85.9% were male. The mean DTD time was 108.08 minutes. Longer DTD time was significantly associated with prolonged CCU stay (r = 0.335, p < 0.001) and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (r = -0.232, p = 0.003). Although DTD time did not differ significantly between survivors and non-survivors (p = 0.573), it varied significantly across different degrees of myocardial injury (p = 0.027). Multivariate regression analysis showed that male gender (β = -8.007, p = 0.002), increased DTD time (β = -0.043, p = 0.005), and myocardial injury (β = -14.904, p = 0.016) were significantly associated with reduced LVEF. Increased DTD time (β = 0.014, p < 0.001) and decreased LVEF (β = -0.061, p = 0.003) were significantly associated with longer CCU stays.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While baseline characteristics showed minimal impact, DTD time significantly predicted worse outcomes, including prolonged CCU stays, reduced LVEF, and myocardial injury. These findings emphasize the critical importance of reducing DTD time (<60 minutes) through optimized emergency protocols to improve STEMI management outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46477,"journal":{"name":"ARYA Atherosclerosis","volume":"22 1","pages":"27-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13069123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and 10-year incidence of hypertension: Yazd healthy heart cohort study.","authors":"Mohammadtaghi Sarebanhassanabadi, Mahnaz Eider, Hamideh Mihanpour, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Seyed Jalil Mirhosseini, Lida Hosseini, Seyedeh Mahdieh Namayandeh, Sima Mozafari","doi":"10.48305/arya.2025.45945.3126","DOIUrl":"10.48305/arya.2025.45945.3126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (HTGW), a surrogate indicator of visceral adiposity, has been proposed as a simple screening tool for cardiometabolic risk. Limited information is available on the influence of HTGW and its temporal variations on the development of hypertension. This study examined the association between HTGW and decade-long hypertension incidence in an urban population of Iranian adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from the Yazd Healthy Heart Project (YHHP). In its initial phase (2005-2006), 2,000 participants aged 20-74 years were enrolled. At baseline, demographic characteristics, blood pressure, anthropometric data, and biochemical tests were evaluated and reassessed in 2015-2016. After excluding individuals with hypertension at baseline, 1,269 normotensive participants were followed for approximately 10 years to assess incident hypertension, using multivariable logistic regression analyses in SPSS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, after excluding participants lost to follow-up, 786 participants were selected for the final analysis. The cumulative incidence of hypertension was 40.3% (317 out of 786). After adjustment for potential confounders, the risk of HTN was significantly higher among participants with hypertriglyceridemia (OR=2.38, 95% CI: 1.21-4.67) and those with HTGW (OR=1.88, 95% CI: 1.12-3.13) compared to those with normal waist and normal triglycerides (NWNT) in the total population. In men, there was a significant positive association between hypertriglyceridemia (OR=2.71, 95% CI: 1.22-6.02) and HTGW (OR=2.35, 95% CI: 1.23-4.47) and the 10-year incidence of HTN after multivariate adjustment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings showed that hypertriglyceridemia and HTGW are independent predictors of 10-year hypertension incidence, particularly among men, in an Iranian urban adult population.</p>","PeriodicalId":46477,"journal":{"name":"ARYA Atherosclerosis","volume":"22 1","pages":"60-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13069117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of diabetes mellitus on aortic valve stenosis and its treatment outcome: A meta-analysis review.","authors":"Alireza Hosseini, Asieh Maghami-Mehr, Hamed Khesali","doi":"10.48305/arya.2026.45869.3119","DOIUrl":"10.48305/arya.2026.45869.3119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Given the importance of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its role in the development of aortic valve stenosis (AVS), as well as its association with adverse outcomes after aortic valve replacement (AVR), the present meta analysis aimed to provide a comprehensive review of previous studies in this field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To achieve this objective, a thorough literature search was conducted in PUBMED/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, EMBASE/SCOPUS, PsycINFO, ClinicalKey, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ProQuest, Web of Science, and Persian databases such as SID and Magiran. The number of patients, gender ratio, mean age, prevalence of T2DM, AVS, and treatment outcomes after TAVI, TAVR, and SAVR (stroke, early and late mortality) were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This metaanalysis comprised 22 studies involving a total of 760,287 patients with AVS. The pooled prevalence of DM was approximately 31% (95% CI: 26-36%). DM was associated with a significantly higher risk of early mortality, including both inhospital mortality (OR: 2.399) and 30day mortality (OR: 1.45), compared with nonDM patients (p<0.05). However, the increase in late mortality (one year or longer) among DM patients was not statistically significant. Additionally, DM patients showed a significantly elevated risk of stroke compared with nonDM patients (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.03-1.28; p=0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, DM appears to play a significant role in the development of AVS and is associated with adverse outcomes including mortality and stroke after AVR.</p>","PeriodicalId":46477,"journal":{"name":"ARYA Atherosclerosis","volume":"22 2","pages":"55-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13283342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148302963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Triglyceride-glucose index and coronary artery in-stent restenosis: A case-control study in an Iranian patient population.","authors":"Rana Kolahi Ahari, Reza Eftekhar, Toktam Sahranavard, Mahya Najjari, Soheil Karami, Niloofar Shabani, Mohammadsaleh Safavishamloo, Amirreza Soleimani, Gordon Ferns, Mohsen Moohebati, Sara Saffar Soflaei, Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan","doi":"10.48305/arya.2026.45619.3101","DOIUrl":"10.48305/arya.2026.45619.3101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a useful surrogate marker of insulin resistance (IR), is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the correlation between the TyG index and coronary in-stent restenosis (ISR) remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 325 subjects who underwent coronary angiography due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) ≥ 1 month after stent implantation were included in this retrospective case-control study from December 2014 to April 2017. Based on ISR status (≥ 50% stenosis), 111 patients were assigned to the ISR group and 214 to the non-ISR (NISR) group. Baseline characteristics and biochemical data were gathered. Logistic regression (LR) analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of the TyG index for ISR with different models. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The TyG index was significantly higher among patients with ISR compared with NISR patients (8.84 ± 0.85 vs. 8.61 ± 0.63; P = 0.010). The TyG index remained an independent predictor for ISR in all multivariable LR analysis models, with the fully adjusted model demonstrating the strongest relation (OR = 2.239; 95% CI: 1.325-3.782; P = 0.003). Furthermore, the risks for ISR were almost 5-fold greater in patients in the highest TyG quartile than in those in the lowest quartile (95% CI: 1.718-14.454; P = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An elevated TyG index is independently linked with ISR. Consequently, the TyG index acts as a simple and pivotal marker for identifying patients at higher risk of ISR and for evaluating adverse cardiovascular outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46477,"journal":{"name":"ARYA Atherosclerosis","volume":"22 3","pages":"53-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13505308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of postoperative complications following CABG in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.","authors":"Akram Ghadiri-Anari, Farnaz Bemaninejad, Seyedeh Mahdieh Namayandeh, Reyhaneh Azizi, Mohammadreza Ahi","doi":"10.48305/arya.2026.45487.3081","DOIUrl":"10.48305/arya.2026.45487.3081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic patients face an elevated cardiovascular disease burden, often requiring coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, evidence regarding post-CABG outcomes in diabetic versus non-diabetic patients is inconsistent, and data from the Iranian population are particularly scarce. This study was conducted to clarify this ambiguity by comparing short-term post-CABG complications between these groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the Yazd Cardiovascular Disease Registry (YCDR) for all CABG patients (2017-2018) at Afshar Hospital. Patients were stratified into diabetic (n=592) and non-diabetic (n=694) groups. We collected standardized data on demographics, comorbidities (including diabetes), and in-hospital major postoperative complications following CABG, such as reoperation, mortality, infections, renal complications, neurological complications (including TIA, stroke, and seizure), and pulmonary complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The frequency distribution of female sex (36.66% vs. 21.90%), hypertension (65.03% vs. 44.52%), and hyperlipidemia (39.02% vs. 23.20%) in diabetic patients was significantly higher than in non-diabetic patients (p<0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed between diabetic and non-diabetic groups in the incidence of major complications, including reoperation (2.1% vs. 2.3%), mortality (3.2% vs. 2.4%), and other major events (all p>0.05). However, seizure occurred exclusively in the diabetic group (1.1% vs. 0%; p=0.049). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that diabetes mellitus was not an independent predictor of overall postoperative complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this cohort, diabetes was not an independent risk factor for most short-term post-CABG complications. The exception was a higher seizure incidence in diabetic patients, warranting further mechanistic investigation. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":46477,"journal":{"name":"ARYA Atherosclerosis","volume":"22 2","pages":"47-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13283336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148303601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of SYNTAX score, ankle-brachial index, and toe-brachial index with peripheral arterial disease following CABG.","authors":"Jamal Moosavi, Ali Mohamad Nasirian, Amir Ghaffari Jolfayi, Parham Sadeghipour, Bahram Mohebi, Seyed Mohammadjavad Hosseini, Ermia Tabandeh, Roya Hamrahi, Amin Elahifar, Vida Hamrahi, Mansoor Namazi, Enayatollah Noori, Abdolreza Dayani","doi":"10.48305/arya.2026.45449.3077","DOIUrl":"10.48305/arya.2026.45449.3077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common comorbidity in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and is associated with increased morbidity. Early identification of PAD in this population is clinically important; however, the relationship between coronary disease complexity and peripheral arterial involvement remains unclear.This study aimed to evaluate the association of the SYNTAX score, ankle-brachial index (ABI), and toe-brachial index (TBI) with the development of peripheral arterial disease following CABG.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, 87 patients who underwent CABG were evaluated four years after surgery for the presence of PAD. Baseline SYNTAX score, ABI, and TBI were measured prior to CABG. PAD was diagnosed based on clinical symptoms in combination with abnormal ABI and/or TBI findings and was confirmed by Doppler ultrasonography when indicated. Associations between SYNTAX score, ABI, TBI, and PAD were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the follow-up period, 7 patients (8.0%) developed PAD. Diabetes mellitus was significantly more prevalent among patients with PAD compared to those without PAD (85.7% vs. 45.0%, P = 0.039). Right ABI (P = 0.005), left TBI (P = 0.008), and right TBI (P = 0.010) were significantly associated with PAD, whereas left ABI was not. Although the SYNTAX score was not directly associated with PAD incidence, higher SYNTAX scores were significantly correlated with greater reductions in both left ABI (r = -0.296, P = 0.005) and right ABI (r = -0.220, P = 0.040) 4 years after CABG.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Peripheral arterial disease following CABG was significantly associated with diabetes mellitus and with lower ABI and TBI values, particularly in the right lower extremity. While the SYNTAX score was not directly associated with PAD occurrence, it was correlated with longitudinal declines in ABI, suggesting an association between coronary disease complexity and systemic vascular dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":46477,"journal":{"name":"ARYA Atherosclerosis","volume":"22 3","pages":"46-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13505305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isfahan familial hypercholesterolemia cohort (IFHC) study: Methods, insights and early results.","authors":"Sonia Zarfeshani, Golnaz Vaseghi, Noushin Mohammadifard, Minoo Dianatkhah, Jamshid Najafian, Masood Shekarchizadeh, Shabnam Hajian, Ali Pourmoghaddas, Anita Vaseghi, Elham Khosravi, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Kian Heshmat Ghahderijani","doi":"10.48305/arya.2025.45154.3050","DOIUrl":"10.48305/arya.2025.45154.3050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common monogenic disorder in humans. There is a lack of data on the clinical characteristics and natural history of FH patients in Iran, which necessitates performing a longitudinal study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this five-year prospective longitudinal cohort study, we enrolled patients with high LDL cholesterol who were registered in the Iranian Registry of Hypercholesterolemia (IFHR), diagnosed as definite and probable FH cases based on the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network Score (DLCN ≥6). General characteristics, lipid profiles, and cardiovascular disease assessments were evaluated in the baseline phase, and whole blood samples were stored for future genetic and epigenetic studies. This study will evaluate the incidence and recurrence rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality as the main outcomes during five years of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the initial year, we successfully identified and enrolled patients with FH. We are reporting the whole methodology and the results of the first 50 who were followed up. At the study's outset, the patients exhibited a mean age of 50.27±12.06 years, with 64% being men and 36% women. The mean LDL level recorded was 312.8 ±106.3 mg/dL, with the highest LDL concentration observed at 623.5 mg/dL. A total of 62.0% of patients were on lipid-lowering treatment mostly of the PCAD group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this paper, we present the design and methodology of the Isfahan Familial Hypercholesterolemia Cohort (IFHC) study in detail with the aim of helping future research generate evidence from comprehensive IFHC data sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":46477,"journal":{"name":"ARYA Atherosclerosis","volume":"22 1","pages":"48-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13069119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and risk factors for cardiovascular mortality in Iranian adults: Findings from a 10year Yazd Healthy Heart Project Study.","authors":"Mohammadtaghi Sarebanhassanabadi, Samira Qaderi, Mahdi Karimi, Lida Hosseini, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Ahmad Shajari, Hamideh Mihanpour, Sima Mozafari","doi":"10.48305/arya.2026.45970.3132","DOIUrl":"10.48305/arya.2026.45970.3132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, with a growing burden in low- and middle-income countries. Given the increasing CVD mortality in Iran and the limited evidence on long-term lifestyle determinants, a cohort study is needed to examine the effects of related factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 2,000 adults, including 1,000 men and women aged 20 to 74 years, were enrolled in a population-based cohort study in Yazd, Iran, from 2005 to 2006, with a mean follow-up of 10 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD mortality in relation to demographic, economic status, educational, and lifestyle factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During follow-up, 83 CVD deaths occurred (5.4%). The mortality rate was 6.8% in men and 3.8% in women. After adjustment for hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia, significant predictors of CVD mortality included age ≥65 years (HR = 3.63, 95% CI: 2.28-5.77), male sex (HR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.31-3.34), and smoking (HR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.21-3.13). In contrast, moderate physical activity was associated with a lower risk of mortality (HR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.17-0.84), and high school education was also protective (HR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.25-0.98). In subgroup analyses among men, age ≥65 years, moderate physical activity, and high school education remained significant predictors of CVD mortality (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Age 65 years or older, smoking, and male sex increased the risk of CVD mortality in this Iranian cohort. Physical activity and higher educational attainment were associated with a reduced risk of CVD mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":46477,"journal":{"name":"ARYA Atherosclerosis","volume":"22 3","pages":"36-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13505311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}