Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction最新文献

{"title":"Bridging Gaps: Promoting Scientific Research in AOCMF Asia Pacific and Comparison with Latin America.","authors":"Radhika Menon, Takahiro Kanno, Yiu Yan Leung, Yeshaswini Thelekkat, Gopal Krishnan Kulandaswamy","doi":"10.3390/cmtr18030035","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cmtr18030035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conducting scientific research in craniomaxillofacial surgery presents distinct challenges, particularly in the Asia Pacific region. This study aimed to assess research interests, barriers, and support needs among surgeons in the region through an anonymous online survey conducted via Google Forms from 12 to 31 May 2025, with 169 responses collected. The survey included 13 structured questions and an open-ended comment section. Findings were compared with a similar survey done in Latin America in 2024, to identify regional differences. The results revealed a significant gap in research participation, with 18.3% of Asia Pacific respondents having no publications, unlike Latin America, where all had at least one. Familiarity and participation in the <i>Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen</i> Program for Education and Excellence in Research (AO PEER) were lower in Asia Pacific (29% and 6.5%), and greater challenges were reported in establishing topics, research methodology, and data collection. Although interest was high, only 42% conducted research frequently, and 90.5% indicated a need for mentorship. Despite higher awareness of AO grant opportunities (58%), barriers, like inadequate support for scientific research, lack of training, and limited time, persist. These findings highlight the need for AO Craniomaxillofacial surgery (AOCMF) to implement targeted strategies, such as research training, mentorship, promotion of funding opportunities, and support for multi-center collaborations, to enhance research participation across the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":46447,"journal":{"name":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction","volume":"18 3","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Simulation System for Orbitozygomatic Fracture Reconstruction: Multicenter Validation of a Novel Training and Objective Assessment Platform.","authors":"Enrique Vargas, Rodrigo Díaz, Juan Pablo Vargas, Andrés Campolo, Rodrigo Villanueva, Carlos Cortéz, Salvador Valladares-Pérez","doi":"10.3390/cmtr18030034","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cmtr18030034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orbitozygomatic fractures represent a complex surgical challenge. Given the urgent need for validated educational tools that surpass traditional learning models, this multicenter study developed and validated a novel synthetic advanced simulation model for the reconstruction of these fractures. The model integrates platinum-cured silicones and 3D-printed bony structures with prefabricated fractures, accurately replicating the anatomy and tactile properties of soft and hard tissues, including simulated herniation of orbital contents. To our knowledge, it is the only available synthetic model combining both tissue types for this training. Ten participants (faculty and residents) completed simulated procedures. Technical performance was assessed using a hand motion tracking system, the global OSATS (Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills) scale, and a task-specific error measurement (Specific Fault Measurement, SFM) scale. Statistically significant differences (<i>p</i> = 0.021) were observed in operative time and error count between novices and experts, confirming the model's construct validity. Faculty completed the surgery in significantly less time (mean 18.16 min vs. 37.01 min for residents) and made fewer errors (mean 12.25 vs. 53.25). Face and content validity were strongly supported by participant surveys, with 100% stating they would use the simulator to practice before real surgery. A strong inverse correlation (r = -0.786, <i>p</i> = 0.021) between OSATS and SFM scores demonstrated concurrent validity. This model enables ethical, repeatable, and cost-effective training, supporting its implementation into surgical curricula to enhance competence and provide objective skill assessment in orbitozygomatic trauma surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":46447,"journal":{"name":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction","volume":"18 3","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matrix Wave^TM System for Mandibulo-Maxillary Fixation-Just Another Variation on the MMF Theme?-Part II: In Context to Self-Made Hybrid Erich Arch Bars and Commercial Hybrid MMF Systems-Literature Review and Analysis of Design Features.","authors":"Carl-Peter Cornelius, Paris Georgios Liokatis, Timothy Doerr, Damir Matic, Stefano Fusetti, Michael Rasse, Nils Claudius Gellrich, Max Heiland, Warren Schubert, Daniel Buchbinder","doi":"10.3390/cmtr18030033","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cmtr18030033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>Trends in the utilization of Mandibulo-Maxillary Fixation (MMF) are shifting nowadays from tooth-borne devices over specialized screws to hybrid MMF devices. Hybrid MMF devices come in self-made Erich arch bar modifications and commercial hybrid MMF systems (CHMMFSs).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We survey the available technical/clinical data. Hypothetically, the risk of tooth root damage by transalveolar screws is diminished by a targeting function of the screw holes/slots.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilize a literature review and graphic displays to disclose parallels and dissimilarities in design and functionality with an in-depth look at the targeting properties.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Self-made hybrid arch bars have limitations to meet low-risk interradicular screw insertion sites. Technical/clinical information on CHMMFSs is unevenly distributed in favor of the SMARTLock System: positive outcome variables are increased speed of application/removal, the possibility to eliminate wiring and stick injuries and screw fixation with standoff of the embodiment along the attached gingiva. Inferred from the SMARTLock System, all four CHMMFs possess potential to effectively prevent tooth root injuries but are subject to their design features and targeting with the screw-receiving holes. The height profile and geometry shape of a CHMMFS may restrict three-dimensional spatial orientation and reach during placement. To bridge between interradicular spaces and tooth equators, where hooks or tie-up-cleats for intermaxillary cerclages should be ideally positioned under biomechanical aspects, can be problematic. The movability of their screw-receiving holes according to all six degrees of freedom differs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CHMMFSs allow simple immobilization of facial fractures involving dental occlusion. The performance in avoiding tooth root damage is a matter of design subtleties.</p>","PeriodicalId":46447,"journal":{"name":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction","volume":"18 3","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144709387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matrix Wave^TM System for Mandibulo-Maxillary Fixation-Just Another Variation on the MMF Theme? Part I: A Review on the Provenance, Evolution and Properties of the System.","authors":"Carl-Peter Cornelius, Paris Georgios Liokatis, Timothy Doerr, Damir Matic, Stefano Fusetti, Michael Rasse, Nils Claudius Gellrich, Max Heiland, Warren Schubert, Daniel Buchbinder","doi":"10.3390/cmtr18030032","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cmtr18030032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>The advent of the Matrix Wave^TM System (Depuy-Synthes)-a bone-anchored Mandibulo-Maxillary Fixation (MMF) System-merits closer consideration because of its peculiarities.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study alludes to two preliminary stages in the evolution of the Matrix Wave^TM MMF System and details its technical and functional features.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Matrix Wave^TM System (MWS) is characterized by a smoothed square-shaped Titanium rod profile with a flexible undulating geometry distinct from the flat plate framework in Erich arch bars. Single MWS segments are Omega-shaped and carry a tie-up cleat for interarch linkage to the opposite jaw. The ends at the throughs of each MWS segment are equipped with threaded screw holes to receive locking screws for attachment to underlying mandibular or maxillary bone. An MWS can be partitioned into segments of various length from single Omega-shaped elements over incremental chains of interconnected units up to a horseshoe-shaped bracing of the dental arches. The sinus wave design of each segment allows for stretch, compression and torque movements. So, the entire MWS device can conform to distinctive spatial anatomic relationships. Displaced fragments can be reduced by in-situ-bending of the screw-fixated MWS/Omega segments to obtain accurate realignment of the jaw fragments for the best possible occlusion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Matrix Wave^TM MMF System is an easy-to-apply modular MMF system that can be assembled according to individual demands. Its versatility allows to address most facial fracture scenarios in adults. The option of \"omnidirectional\" in-situ-bending provides a distinctive feature not found in alternate MMF solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":46447,"journal":{"name":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction","volume":"18 3","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144709386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Intraoperative Fabrication of PMMA Patient-Specific Enophthalmos Wedges and Onlays for Post-Traumatic OZC Reconstruction.","authors":"Layton Vosloo","doi":"10.3390/cmtr18020029","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cmtr18020029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Trauma is a leading cause of enophthalmos, typically resulting from an increase in the volume of the bony orbit. The general consensus is that post-traumatic primary deformity repair should aim to restore the premorbid volume, shape, and cosmesis of the orbitozygomatic complex (OZC). This study aims to utilise novel three-dimensional (3D) printed patient-specific moulds to intraoperatively fabricate enophthalmos wedges and onlays using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement to reconstruct the OZC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of seven patients underwent digital surgical planning using Freeform software to virtually correct orbitozygomatic complex deformities guided by a design algorithm. Three-dimensionally printed nylon patient-specific moulds were used intraoperatively to fabricate enophthalmos wedges and/or onlays using an industry-standard PMMA bone cement. Clinical examination and application of the proposed design algorithm determined that enophthalmos wedges were indicated for four patients, with one also requiring an onlay; and periorbital onlays were required for the three remaining patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hertel exophthalmometry at a mean follow-up of 19.1 months demonstrated good outcomes in the correction of post-traumatic enophthalmos and hypoglobus and with patients reporting good subjective cosmetic results. Patients 5 and 7 had follow-up three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) to confirm correct placement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of patient-specific PMMA wedges and onlays, fabricated intraoperatively with the aid of 3D-printed moulds, offers a reliable and effective approach for correcting post-traumatic enophthalmos and hypoglobus. This method allows for the restoration of orbital volume and anatomical contours, addressing both functional and aesthetic concerns. Our results demonstrate that this technique yields favourable outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46447,"journal":{"name":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction","volume":"18 2","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12192465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Accuracy of an Optical White Light Desktop 3D Scanner and Cone Beam CT Scanner Compared to a Multi-Slice CT Scanner to Digitize Anatomical 3D Models: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Mauranne Lievens, Lisa De Kock, Matthias Ureel, Geert Villeirs, Wim Van Paepegem, Renaat Coopman","doi":"10.3390/cmtr18020027","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cmtr18020027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Additive manufacturing, in combination with virtual surgery planning, leads to the predictability of complex surgical cases. To guarantee patient safety, three-dimensional (3D) print quality must be ensured and verified. The aim of this study is to compare the accuracy of an optical white-light desktop scanner (OWLDS) and a cone beam CT (CBCT) scanner to that of a multi-slice CT scanner (MSCT) for scanning and digitizing 3D anatomical models. Twenty-two removable parts of a CE-certified anatomical skull, used as a patient-specific surrogate in a clinical workflow, were each scanned by MSCT, CBCT, and OWLDS scanners. The accuracy of the scanning modalities was investigated through a part comparison analysis of the stereolithography (STL) files derived from the different scanning modalities. The high-resolution OWLDS STL files show the smallest overall surface match deviation, at 0.04 mm, compared to the MSCT STL files. The CBCT STL files show an overall deviation of 0.07 mm compared to the MSCT STL files. This difference between the scan modalities increases as the volume of anatomical models decreases. The OWLDS is a safe, cost-effective, user-friendly, and highly accurate scanning modality suitable for accuracy evaluation during the manufacturing process of in-house 3D models. For smaller models, high-resolution optical scans are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":46447,"journal":{"name":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction","volume":"18 2","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airway Management in Complex Maxillofacial Trauma: Evaluating the Role of Submental Intubation as a Viable Alternative to Tracheostomy.","authors":"Giulio Cirignaco, Gabriele Monarchi, Lisa Catarzi, Mariagrazia Paglianiti, Enrico Betti, Umberto Committeri, Alberto Bianchi, Paolo Balercia, Giuseppe Consorti","doi":"10.3390/cmtr18010021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cmtr18010021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Airway management in maxillofacial trauma is a critical and complex challenge, requiring both secure ventilation and optimal surgical access while minimizing risks to vital structures. This study evaluated the efficacy of submental intubation (SMI) as a minimally invasive alternative to tracheostomy in patients with complex maxillofacial fractures. A retrospective analysis of 52 patients treated between 2015 and 2023 was conducted by comparing clinical outcomes between those who underwent SMI (n = 26) and those who underwent tracheostomy (n = 26). The duration of hospitalization, infection rates, and perioperative complications were assessed using t-tests, chi-square tests, and multivariate regression. Results indicated that SMI was associated with significantly shorter hospital stays (11.15 ± 3.29 vs. 23.96 ± 6.47 days, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and lower infection rates (3.8% vs. 30.8%, <i>p</i> = 0.028). Additionally, the SMI group demonstrated fewer intraoperative (<i>p</i> = 0.049) and postoperative complications (<i>p</i> = 0.037). Multivariate analysis identified tracheostomy as an independent predictor of prolonged hospitalization and increased complications. These findings support SMI as a safe and effective alternative to tracheostomy for short-term airway management in maxillofacial trauma, providing a shorter recovery period and fewer complications. Therefore, prospective studies with larger cohorts are warranted to confirm these results and establish comprehensive guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":46447,"journal":{"name":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction","volume":"18 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11995817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technique and Muscle Preferences for Dynamic Facial Reanimation in Irreversible Facial Paralysis-A Literature Review.","authors":"Hilde Schutte, Robbin Maat, Marvick S M Muradin, Antoine J W P Rosenberg","doi":"10.3390/cmtr18010020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cmtr18010020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>literature review.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Irreversible facial paralysis is a chronic condition characterized by an absence of mimetic muscle tone and function. This disruption of facial expressions not only has functional, but also psychological and social consequences. In facial dynamic reanimation, techniques are proposed partly recovering facial reanimation and function. To date, a vast amount of literature is available on dynamic reanimation techniques. However, no review has yet been published that delineates in detail the musculature and techniques used for dynamic reanimation in irreversible facial paralysis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>the aim of the present paper is to offer a complete overview of possible techniques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A chapter division is made between the lower, mid-, and upper face. Each chapter is subdivided between local transposition, free muscle flaps, and for the upper face, implantable devices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The literature discussing reanimation of the lower face is limited. In midfacial reanimation, temporalis transposition and gracilis free flap transfer are popular. In upper facial reanimation, no consensus on muscle choice is available, and information is limited too. Suggested techniques include orbicularis oculi transpositioning, temporalis transpositioning, and platysma free muscle transfer.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This paper discusses the current techniques for dynamic facial reanimation. Yet, studies comparing different techniques are lacking, setting ground for future research. This paper highlights the importance of a personalized approach in selecting a fitting reconstruction method.</p>","PeriodicalId":46447,"journal":{"name":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction","volume":"18 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11995833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Need for Redo Surgery of Maxillofacial Fractures.","authors":"Hanna Thorén, Sami Suojanen, Anna Liisa Suominen, Tero Puolakkainen, Miika Toivari, Johanna Snäll","doi":"10.3390/cmtr18010019","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cmtr18010019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of the present study was to describe the demographic and clinical features of patients having undergone redo surgery for mandibular and/or midfacial fractures and to identify factors that increase the odds of redo surgery. Included were the files of all patients who had undergone open reduction and fixation of one or more mandibular and/or midfacial fracture or orbital reconstructions at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, between 1 January 2013-31 October 2020. Patients having undergone redo surgery were identified, and descriptive characteristics were calculated. In the data analysis, the association between redo surgery and explanatory variables was analyzed. Altogether, 1176 patients were identified for the analysis. Of these, 25 (2.1%) underwent redo surgery for 28 fracture sites. The most common reasons for redo surgery were inadequate fracture reductions of the zygomatic process or the mandible (19 patients) and inadequate orbital reconstructions (four patients). Compared with surgery of only the mandible, combined surgery of the mandible and midface had almost four times greater odds of redo surgery (95% CI 3.8, 0.8-18.4), but the finding was not statistically significant. Although redo surgery was required fairly infrequently, the findings highlight the relevance of surgical competence to treatment success; suboptimal surgical procedure was the most common reason for redo surgery. The literature supports the use of intraoperative CT scanning as a useful tool in association with the treatment of complex midfacial fractures in general and orbital fractures in particular. The success of orbital reconstruction can be promoted by using patient-specific implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":46447,"journal":{"name":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction","volume":"18 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11995822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual Surgical Planning for Management of Acute Maxillofacial Trauma.","authors":"Kyle W Singerman, Megan V Morisada, J David Kriet, John P Flynn, Clinton D Humphrey","doi":"10.3390/cmtr18010018","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cmtr18010018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>A retrospective case series.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The management of acute complex maxillofacial trauma is challenging. The intricate maxillofacial anatomy coupled with the significant functional and aesthetic repercussions of traumatic facial injuries necessitate meticulous preoperative preparation and operative precision to minimize patient morbidity. The severe displacement of bone fragments, abnormal occlusion, comminution, and the involvement of multiple skeletal subsites further complicate the restoration of premorbid function and appearance. While previously recognized as a valuable tool for managing oncologic defects, orthognathic surgery, and for the correction of secondary deformities following maxillofacial trauma, virtual surgical planning (VSP) has now emerged as a viable tool for treating select patients following acute complex maxillofacial trauma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review of all the complex facial trauma patients treated using VSP services over a 21-month period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multiple VSP services were used in the primary repair of complex facial trauma, with occlusal splints, pre-contoured plates, and 3D printed models being utilized most frequently.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our experience with VSP for primary maxillofacial trauma repair has helped us to identify specific indications for the use of VSP in this setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":46447,"journal":{"name":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction","volume":"18 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11995825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}