{"title":"Material assemblages and percolating pasts in Zigua households, north-eastern Tanzania","authors":"P. Lane, Elias Michaut","doi":"10.1177/14696053231185636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14696053231185636","url":null,"abstract":"The material culture and dwellings of the Zigua villages of Kwa Fungo and Kwengoma, in north-eastern Tanzania, bear the traces of complex social and historical dynamics. In this paper, we analyse household inventories and ethnographic interview data originally collected in 1991 by a team from the University of Dar es Salaam and the National Museum, Tanzania. We rely on oral histories as well as on Zigua epistemologies and ideas of percolating pasts to historicise and contextualise the processes that shaped the material world of these two village communities. The paper focuses on investigating the shift from round (msonge) to rectangular (banda) house-types, the household material changes generated by labour migrations and Nyerere’s Ujamaa, the materialisation of healing practices, and the formation of specific aspects of identity.","PeriodicalId":46391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45111257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reclaiming heritage and citizenship: urban pre-colonial cultural heritage management and heritage grassroots organizations in Lima, Peru","authors":"Grace Alexandrino Ocaña","doi":"10.1177/14696053231189947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14696053231189947","url":null,"abstract":"The material-centered cultural heritage management approach does not contemplate ordinary people’s closeness to heritage. Even after colonial relationships ended, colonial conceptions of what constitutes heritage drove national policy choices and state interventions regarding which elements of local history and culture should be valued and preserved and which could be destroyed and abandoned. Government rejection of non-elite populations and their connections to urban heritage resulted in the irrevocable destruction of important sites and traditions. But the rise of what I term heritage grassroots organizations (HGROs) has recently begun to reassert low-income and working-class citizens’ role in the recognition and preservation of heritage. Focusing on the emergence of HGROs in Lima, Peru, this article demonstrates how colonial heritage narratives formed, persisted, and have more recently been challenged by local populations whose daily lives are affected by materialist approaches to heritage. In doing so, these citizens simultaneously claim their rights to the past and to the city.","PeriodicalId":46391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48448356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Archaeology for the courtroom: the Ayodhya Case and the fashioning of a hybrid episteme","authors":"Rachel A. Varghese","doi":"10.1177/14696053231190374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14696053231190374","url":null,"abstract":"On 1 August 2002, the Allahabad High Court in India, adjudicating the Ayodhya Case, ordered archaeological excavations by the central government agency Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) at the site of the demolished mosque Babri Masjid in Uttar Pradesh. The order marked a new moment for the convergence of law and archaeology in India, with archaeological knowledge being produced on judicial demand as evidence in a civil dispute. This paper argues that this marked the emergence of a hybrid episteme of archaeology-as-legal-evidence which redefines archaeology within the framework of law. It traces these tendencies by a close reading of three documents: the judgements of the Allahabad High Court and the Supreme Court in the Ayodhya Case and an order issued by a lower court in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh on 8 April 2021 in the GyanVapi Case. I argue that the new role that archaeology is assuming in courtrooms in India is destabilising the standing of the ASI as the authority of archaeological knowledge and the protector of the nation’s material past. It has also produced a category of assertive public that successfully demands production of archaeological knowledge towards ideological ends.","PeriodicalId":46391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44253981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mountains of waste and wasted mountains: clothes, sheep and people in modernising Iceland","authors":"Ágústa Edwald Maxwell","doi":"10.1177/14696053231187901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14696053231187901","url":null,"abstract":"This paper takes as its starting point two landscapes of waste and connects them through an account of the intensification of production and consumption of textiles in modernising Iceland. Archaeological waste assemblages and historical resources are used to illustrate the consumption and disposal of clothing throughout the 19th century, which is juxtaposed with archaeological and historical studies into sheep rearing, grazing pressures and wool production. The paper argues that the economic notion of waste and the capitalist system from which it originates create landscapes of waste. It stipulates that many solutions which have been forwarded to the waste crisis are still conceived of within this socio-economic system. Historicizing waste creation demonstrates the urgency for alternative answers and the need to resist the movement of materials through the cycle of resource extraction, production, consumption and recycling, and further away from sites of use.","PeriodicalId":46391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47821927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Insides, outsides and the labyrinth: Knossos, palatial space and environmental perception in Minoan Crete","authors":"Vesa-Pekka Herva, Jonas Rapakko","doi":"10.1177/14696053231186771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14696053231186771","url":null,"abstract":"This article employs the labyrinth as an analytical and interpretive tool for thinking about Minoan architectural and especially palatial space with a particular focus on Knossos. Whether or not Minoan ruins inspired later Greek mythical narratives, Knossos can be examined as a kind of a labyrinth towards developing new perspectives on Knossos as an experienced environment and how it was entangled with broader cultural and cosmological ideas. A labyrinth perspective enables bringing together multiple spatial, material and cultural forms for the heuristic purposes of exploring palatial space in relation to how the environment and world were perceived in Minoan Crete. Knossos afforded participants a mystical experience that provided glimpses of, or openings into, different dimensions of a layered reality—the richness of the world extending beyond the readily perceivable surface of reality—in a literally and figuratively labyrinthine experienced palatial environment.","PeriodicalId":46391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42122627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Moche deathscapes: performance, politics, and the creation of myth in Huaca La Capilla–San José de Moro (AD 650–740)","authors":"Luis A. Muro Ynoñán","doi":"10.1177/14696053231184697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14696053231184697","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines Huaca La Capilla in the Jequetepeque Valley, Peru, as a dynamic locus within a mythologized Moche mortuary landscape. Huaca La Capilla is a Late Moche (AD 650–740) monumental adobe construction located within the elite Moche cemetery of San José de Moro. This huaca was subject to constant architectural renovations and the intricate design of its interior plazas and patios suggests the orchestration of symbolic and collective social gatherings. The striking resemblances between this huaca’s enclosures and those depicted in the Moche iconographic scene of the Burial Theme are intriguing, suggesting that Huaca La Capilla was the locus of body-centered performances that preceded the burial of Moche elite individuals. This study draws on the notion of deathscape, incorporating a multi-scalar approach to the study of landscapes of death and their diverse spatial and material practices. It contributes to broader discussions of how mortuary landscapes and their monuments were involved in the (re)production of myths of ancestrality and particular notions of time, history, and construction of the being that gave political legitimacy to ruling groups in times of crisis.","PeriodicalId":46391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41462038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"O Pedrón: time and a stone in northwest Iberia","authors":"Ruth M. Van Dyke","doi":"10.1177/14696053231181654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14696053231181654","url":null,"abstract":"The granite block of O Pedrón, a recarved Roman altar to Neptune, is an object of veneration at the church of St. James in the town of Padrón along the Camino de Santiago in Galicia, northwest Iberia. I use this enchanting object as a vehicle for thinking about materials, assemblages, and time, engaging with ideas drawn from Bergson, Benjamin, Deleuze, and Husserl. I describe how O Pedrón has participated in events across two millennia: the Roman colonization of Iron Age Iberia; the medieval creation of the cult of Santiago; and a contemporary push for tourism. The concept of assemblage helps us visualize the sensory, emotional, political, and other dimensions connected with the stone. The emergent properties of assemblages move not only forward but backward in time, in a process characterized by Husserl and Gell as protension and retension.","PeriodicalId":46391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44497753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Archaeologies of gender, kinship, and mobility in Southeast Brazil: genealogies of Tupiniquim women and the itinerancy of ceramic practices","authors":"F. S. Noelli, M. Sallum, Sílvia Alves Peixoto","doi":"10.1177/14696053231180273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14696053231180273","url":null,"abstract":"The Brazilian colonial context led the Tupiniquim, an Indigenous group, and the Portuguese, a colonizing group, from the São Vicente area to connect with two places in Rio de Janeiro. In this scenario emerges the genealogy of two Tupiniquim women of the 16th century from São Vicente, which allowed us to trace six generations of women who formed kinship relationships with Portuguese men. They moved to Rio de Janeiro to create the Cara de Cão fortification and Camorim sugar plantation. They were members of the communities that appropriated and transformed Portuguese coarse ware ceramics into what is now termed Paulistaware. This article shows a new understanding of the social role of Indigenous women and the entry of European men into symmetrical gender relations based on the logic of Tupiniquim social collaboration. Tupiniquim women initially produced Paulistaware before 1550. After 1600 these ceramics were also made and consumed by people from the African diaspora and others from outside, adding decorative elements found in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The intensive analysis of archival data breaks the traditional model of homogenization and Europeanization of historical processes and events, highlighting the itinerancy of practices and mobility of people.","PeriodicalId":46391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46132458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring reasons for divergent local communities’ responses to antiquities preservation during conflict in the northwest of Syria – 2014-2023","authors":"Adnan Almohamad, H. Al Saad, Ibrahim Mehmet ali","doi":"10.1177/14696053231172124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14696053231172124","url":null,"abstract":"The grave damage to Syrian antiquities inflicted during the war has demonstrated the failure of international organizations and cultural agreements to protect antiquities in Syria and highlighted the divergent attitudes of Syrians themselves regarding their antiquities. Initiatives were undertaken in some areas to safeguard antiquities, but were lacking in others, and some Syrians were themselves involved in plundering and destruction actions. This paper aims to identify the reasons for such stark differences in local communities’ responses to safeguarding Syrian antiquities. A total of 46 semi-structured interviews were conducted with residents of Idlib and northern rural Aleppo, including local archaeologists. The study demonstrated differences between the two areas regarding knowledge and attitudes and revealed that a range of factors led to clear differences in the responses of the local communities in Idlib and those of northern rural Aleppo regarding antiquities protection. Some factors were anticipated, such as the impact of war, the security situation, and the deteriorating economic situation, while new factors have been identified. Understanding the local attitudes to antiquities, including the reasons for its protection or destruction, will support plans for enhancing the role of local communities in preserving their antiquities during the conflict.","PeriodicalId":46391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48039004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assembling a household in the Middle Nile Valley (Old Dongola, Sudan) in the 16th–17th centuries","authors":"Maciej Wyżgoł, Agata Deptuła","doi":"10.1177/14696053231170023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14696053231170023","url":null,"abstract":"Old Dongola, with a history reaching back to the 5th century AD, was originally the capital of Makuria, one of the three medieval Nubian kingdoms. After the collapse of Makuria, its capital city saw migratory movements and political changes that resulted in the emergence of new power relations. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the city was the seat of a local ruler subordinate to the Funj Sultanate. New communities that emerged in this setting inhabited the city until the colonial era. This paper examines the ways in which Funj-period households, as fundamental social units in Old Dongola, were mutually constitutive with houses, engaging with their spatiality and materiality through social practices. The authors investigate domestic labour, which was an essential factor in the negotiation of social differences and identities within the household. Differences in building techniques are analysed to compare various ways in which dwellers engaged with houses and to assess their implications for social differentiation within the city.","PeriodicalId":46391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46247658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}