History Compass最新文献

{"title":"Financial professionals and the formation of proprietarian ideology","authors":"Atiba Pertilla","doi":"10.1111/hic3.12717","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hic3.12717","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This review essay on economist Thomas Piketty's <i>Capital and Ideology</i> argues that the role of financial professionals as ideologues is a necessary yet missing component of Piketty's analysis. Using the history of capitalism in the United States as a connective thread, the essay synthesizes examples from a broad array of studies to trace the role of financial professionals from the counting houses of early republic New Orleans and New York through the professionalization of stockbrokers and investment bankers in the late-19th century Gilded Age to modern-day Wall Street white-collar workers. Throughout U.S. history financial professionals and their allied media institutions have been ubiquitous and essential advocates for a “proprietarian” ideology which prioritizes the sanctity of property rights over ameliorating inequality.</p><p>Thomas Piketty's <i>Capital and Ideology</i> offers a sprawling history of how conditions of economic inequality advance or constrain human progress. Casting aside arguments that economic growth lifts all boats, Piketty urges looking instead to political and ideological structures for a robust explanation of social development. The book's 17 chapters seek to establish a unified theory of social evolution at the nation-state level, developing a chronology and a terminology that proceeds from “ternary” systems of nobles, clerics, and peasants (a model Piketty fits to medieval and early modern societies from Western Europe to Japan) through the bourgeois capitalist regimes established in the eighteenth century and the social-democratic societies that arose in the wake of World War I, finally ending in a present-day surge in oligarchic populism that decries inequality while doing little, he argues, to reverse it. Particularly tragic, in Piketty's eyes, is that in recent history this shift has been accompanied by a “distinctive” meritocratic ideology which “blame[s] the poor for their poverty.” (Piketty, <span>2020</span>, p. 710) Given Piketty's sociopolitical goals, <i>Capital and Ideology</i>'s political vision suffers from often being free of ideologues. I argue that we might fill this gap by examining financial sector professionals as critical actors in establishing and defending “inequality regimes” (as Piketty terms them) throughout the past two centuries. Tracing the ideological work of financial professionals' in the United States from the early republic forward, I suggest we might discover fruitful continuities linking the development of new systems of capitalist knowledge in the Age of Revolutions with the social role of the present-day meritocracy.<sup>1</sup></p><p>While Piketty's earlier book <i>Capital in the Twenty-First Century</i> was built on the argument that unregulated capitalism “automatically generates arbitrary and unsustainable inequalities,” (Piketty, <span>2014</span>, p. 1) the villain of the sequel is not capitalism per se but “proprietarian” ideology, a way of making sense of the worl","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hic3.12717","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46986345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embodied capital in the history of inequality","authors":"Johan Mathew","doi":"10.1111/hic3.12721","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hic3.12721","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article engages Thomas Piketty's <i>Capital and Ideology</i> from the perspective of the human body and public health. It explores how Piketty's account could be enriched by examining how economic inequality produces physiological inequity and how human health is essential to understanding the intractability of capitalist crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41895776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piketty amongst the historians: Introduction to a symposium on Thomas Piketty's Capital and Ideology","authors":"Jonathan Coopersmith,&nbsp;Andrew Popp","doi":"10.1111/hic3.12724","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hic3.12724","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This essay introduces this forum on Thomas Piketty's <i>Capitalism and Ideology.</i> We outline the debates that emerge from a joint reading of the six contributions to the forum. In doing so we assess the importance of Piketty's contribution to historical debates on capitalism, ideology, and inequality and consider how historians might respond to the challenges Piketty presents.</p>","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hic3.12724","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44394362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A feeling for history","authors":"Kenneth Lipartito","doi":"10.1111/hic3.12718","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hic3.12718","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thomas Piketty argues that economists need to more seriously engage with history to understand inequality. In his two books on capitalism, Piketty does just that. But what type of history? This essay argues that Piketty, following the example of the Annales School and Braudel's <i>The Mediterranean</i>, has produced a powerful “descriptive” history, a still underappreciated form of work that is often incorrectly contrasted with analytical history. Piketty's insights stem from the power of description in telling us “what was the case,” as Allan Megill argues, and thus precedes causal explanation. When it comes to change over time, Piketty follows the model of eventful temporality that William Sewell has proposed. In contrast to positivist social science, which is built around deep constants over time, Piketty understands that the forces of history subject even seemingly stable structures to change. For this reason, he also believes it is possible to overcome the deep inequalities that have long existed in capitalism.</p>","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":"20 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44385856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/hic3.12564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12564","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44349423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International spotlight on Botswana and local public opinion: Race factor in the murder trials of Ompatile Tswaipe, Clement Gofhamodimo and Mariette Bosch, 1978–2001","authors":"C. J. Makgala","doi":"10.1111/hic3.12714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12714","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46099796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land, property relations, and urban planning: New histories from colonial India","authors":"Kaustubh Mani Sengupta","doi":"10.1111/hic3.12723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12723","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45975246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histories of ‘a loathsome disease’: Sexual health in modern Britain","authors":"Anne Hanley","doi":"10.1111/hic3.12716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12716","url":null,"abstract":"From Victorian preoccupations with prostitution and degeneration to our present-day problems with antimicrobial resistance and inequalities in access to care, sexual health has been riddled with gendered, racialised, politicised and class-based meanings. Historians writing from within an increasingly diverse collection of subfields have explored how British attitudes towards, and interventions in, sexual health have changed over the past two centuries. In so doing, they have also addressed a wide range of themes in British social life, politics, gender and sexuality. This article surveys this extensive historiography, highlighting important shifts and reflecting on where historians might fruitfully turn next. Inevitably, there are problematic silences in the scholarship. Historians, overwhelmingly reliant on records compiled by health authorities and the state, have tended to write top-down histories of sexual health. The lived experiences of ordinary people, especially those on the margins of society, remain frustratingly elusive. Moreover, the same sorts of inequalities that historically undermined care and denied patients a voice continue to shape health outcomes. As such, this article not only surveys the historiography but also makes the case for the important role that historians can play in supporting positive changes in attitudes towards sexual health and the delivery of healthcare today. 2017a). Lloyd (Meadhbh) Houston's study (2021) of the work of Dr. Thomas Kirkpatrick in Ireland reveals not only the immense social and emotional complexities of such relationships. It also shows that patients, even from among the working classes, were able to build up knowledge of sexual health during a period when discussion of VD was widely suppressed, strategically playing on gender and class stereotypes to solicit care. team are mapping Britain's sexual-health histories from the First World War to the AIDS crisis, exploring the complex personal, social, cultural and political factors that shaped people's health experiences and outcomes. This work is underpinned by her expertise in sexual health and her belief that history and the humanities have crucial roles to play in overcoming health challenges today.","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44030017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Alternative facts” and St. Thomas Becket in the waning days of the Trump Presidency","authors":"Esther Liberman Cuenca","doi":"10.1111/hic3.12715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12715","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":" 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41253475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International development in Africa: Historiographical themes and new perspectives","authors":"Kara Moskowitz","doi":"10.1111/hic3.12712","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hic3.12712","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article explores scholarship on the history of international development in Africa and highlights promising new perspectives. The literature review reveals common themes in writing on the history of development—neocolonialism, knowledge production, and statecraft—but also shows that scholars have given too much power to development paradigms and policies. While the scholarship has demonstrated the rhetorical significance of development and the importance of developmentalist states, historians have paid less attention to institutional cleavages, material outcomes, and the complexity of development intervention on the ground. New work draws on oral histories to center local communities, while also examining national and transnational actors and contexts. Examining how development was executed on the ground, and how local communities experienced and reconfigured development, has the potential to help scholars completely rethink these histories. Recent scholarship demonstrates the long-term continuities of development; the disjunctures between economic theory and development practice; the particular forms of power and modalities of governance that have emerged in different settings; and the social, political, and material implications for local communities targeted by the international development apparatus.</p>","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":"20 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44798718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}