{"title":"Travelling, Staying, Working, Imagining: Space and the Practice of Internationalism, c1900–1950","authors":"Julia Eichenberg, Tomás Irish","doi":"10.1111/hic3.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article considers space as a key element in the practice of internationalism in the first half of the 20th century. Drawing on approaches in historical geography and cultural history, the article proposes four analytical categories through which internationalism might be explored in the period between 1900 and 1950. These categories are travelling, staying, working, and imagining. Through the exploration of each theme, the article suggests that new approaches to the study of internationalism might be adopted which shed important light upon how it functioned in practice, the work which facilitated it, and, crucially, those who it excluded and overlooked.</p>","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":"24 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hic3.70038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Commerce, Cities, and Princes: The Institutional Tradition and the Premodern Low Countries","authors":"Adam Hall","doi":"10.1111/hic3.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article evaluates the application of New Institutional Economics (NIE) to history (the institutional tradition), focusing on its main theoretical contributions and criticisms. It examines the pitfalls of the institutional tradition and looks at the recent historiography of the commercial history of the premodern Low Countries as a case study. This article highlights the insights made possible by the institutional tradition. It does so while also addressing the ongoing debate about the role of cities and princes in fostering the institutions that resulted from—or in—the region's commercial preponderance between c. 1250 and c. 1650. By doing so, it provides the reader with a critical perspective on the interplay between premodern history and a popular tradition of economics.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":"24 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Women, Crime, and Law in Latin America's Nineteenth Century","authors":"Reuben Zahler","doi":"10.1111/hic3.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines the literature on women as perpetrators of crime in 19th-century Latin America, a topic largely overlooked in historical scholarship. While most studies focus on women as victims of domestic or sexual violence, this work explores women as perpetrators of crime, specifically reproductive crimes (abortion and infanticide), witchcraft, assault, and murder. In doing so, the article explores how, during the transition from colonial rule to independent republics, politics affected women's status and the law and how women interacted with the evolving legal system. It analyzes scholarly debates on patriarchy, autonomy, submission versus passivity, honor, agency, liberalism, and how the formation of modern states affected women's status. The article highlights how state surveillance of sexuality intensified after independence, culminating in late-century legal codes that codified honor norms and criminalized female behavior. It also considers prosecutions for witchcraft and violent crimes as mechanisms of social control. Scholarship demonstrates that women navigated and sometimes subverted patriarchal structures, ignored the honor code, and aggressively pursued their interests, offering insights into gender, law, and nation-building in Latin America's long 19th century.</p>","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hic3.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148534172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Codes to Contexts: The Maturation of Historical Cryptology","authors":"Benedek Láng","doi":"10.1111/hic3.70034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the past decades, the study of historical cryptology in Europe has evolved from a marginal, largely individual pursuit into a consolidated field of research with dedicated conferences, collaborative projects, and institutional research groups. This article offers a critical overview of this maturation, tracing how methodological innovation, digital infrastructure, and interdisciplinary cooperation have reshaped the investigation of encrypted historical sources. Particular attention is devoted to the growing shift from technical decipherment towards the social history of secrecy: the contextual analysis of who used ciphers, in what circumstances, and with which communicative and political aims. By situating contemporary research on secrecy as a social practice within these broader developments, the article highlights both current achievements and unresolved challenges. Finally, it reflects on emerging directions, including the integration of large-scale data analysis, comparative secrecy studies, and closer dialogue with the history of science and communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hic3.70034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148533381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Protections and Rights: An Intersectional and Diachronic Perspective on Women and the Law in Latin American History","authors":"Sarah C. Chambers","doi":"10.1111/hic3.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In just a few decades, historiography on gender and law in Latin America has grown from foundational works establishing the dimensions of women's legal status in colonial compilations and later national codes to scholarship that considers the distinctions among different social groups of women and traces women as active agents in pluralistic legal regimes. Research into law as practice based on archival sources has increased our understanding of gender and legal culture. Collectively, these works pose a complex picture. During the colonial period, women were often successful in defending their economic interests in court, but liberal reforms in the 19th century often resulted in greater restriction rather than progress for many women. For charges related to sexual assault, domestic violence, and abortion/infanticide, distinctions drawn by prosecutors and magistrates between private (honor) and public (assault) crimes left women vulnerable. Historians have debated whether women's considerable agency in some legal arenas calls for a reassessment of patriarchy as the dominant legal framework shaping social relations between women and men as well as within the family. This article surveys methodologies and theoretical frameworks in the historiography on gender and law in Latin America to argue that an intersectional approach alongside a reconsideration of some rights as legal protections illuminates patterns of women exercising legal agency in some arenas even as they were subordinated to men within others.</p>","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hic3.70033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148532625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Survey of Women in Botswana History: Individual Pioneers, Institutions and Advocacy Movements From the Pre-Colonial Period to 2024","authors":"Christian John Makgala, Alinah Segobye","doi":"10.1111/hic3.70027","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hic3.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Women have played a critical role in Botswana's development since precolonial times. However, patriarchal socio-political systems have limited their contributions to the country's rapid economic growth in the post-colony. This paper discusses women's contributions in areas such as public office, missionary service, education, politics, women's rights, community service, media, beauty pageantry, athletics, and entrepreneurship. It also highlights the achievements of individual pioneers, advocates for women's rights, and government agencies. The paper addresses the structural barriers women face due to patriarchal systems and aligns with Ellen Hillbom's characterization of Botswana as a “development-oriented gate-keeping state.”</p>","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hic3.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147315597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beyond National Currency: The Plurality of Early Modern Money","authors":"Sebastian Felten","doi":"10.1111/hic3.70026","DOIUrl":"10.1111/hic3.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diversity in money leaps at historians of early modern societies, whether they analyse account books, legal documents, travelogues and diaries, or try to make sense of a sum casually mentioned in a source from the period. The plurality of money objects contrasts with the homogeneous, singular currencies imposed by nation-states in the 19th and 20th centuries. Surveying classic and recent scholarship, this article encourages historians to look beyond the apparent chaos and examine the underlying logics of plural currency systems. Following this approach requires exploring the monetary thinking of experts and ordinary users alike, and a close reading of historical accounts and other textual traces of economic life. It also requires an understanding of how money objects were made and scrutinised by contemporaries who worried about their worth, which can be obtained from the technical literature of the time and numismatic research. It appears that many early modern people were skilled in evaluating goods and services, turned metals, shells, paper, and cloth into money, and used several currencies at once. This fact makes money a culturally and socially rich topic for historians and a vantage point for studying economic life more broadly.</p>","PeriodicalId":46376,"journal":{"name":"History Compass","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hic3.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146007883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}