{"title":"Omega 3 fatty acids preserve testicular function by ameliorating BPF-induced dysthyroidism: role of p53/Bcl-2 signaling and proton pump activities.","authors":"Adeyemi Fatai Odetayo, Luqman Aribidesi Olayaki","doi":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240033","DOIUrl":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Bisphenol F (BPF) is an endocrinedisrupting chemical, but information about its effect on thyroid hormones has not been fully explored. Omega 3 fatty acids (O3FA), on the other hand, are antioxidant and antiapoptotic agents. Therefore, this study explored the role and associated molecular mechanism of O3FA in BPF-induced hypothyroidism-mediated testicular dysfunction in male Wistar rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty (20) male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups (n=5/group), namely: the control group; the BPF treated group (30 mg/kg of BPF); and the intervention groups (30mg/kg BPF + 100mg/kg O3FA (BPF+O3FA-L) and 30mg/kg BPF + 300mg/kg of O3FA for 28 days).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Low and high doses of O3FA ameliorated BPF-induced hypothyroidism-mediated reduction in sperm quality, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, catalase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and increases in estrogen, malondialdehyde, c-reactive protein, interleukin 1 beta, caspase 3. Furthermore, O3FA prevented BPF-induced Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase dysfunction, estrogen receptor beta overexpression, and tumor protein P53 (p53)/ b-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) imbalance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study showed that O3FA ameliorated BPF-induced dysthyroidism-mediated testicular dysfunction by preventing proton pump dysfunction and p53/BCl-2 imbalance.</p>","PeriodicalId":46364,"journal":{"name":"Jornal Brasileiro de Reproducao Assistida","volume":" ","pages":"471-482"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11349269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141155605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fertility preservation counseling for women of reproductive age diagnosed with cancer: an integrative review.","authors":"Júlia Casemiro Barioni, Thais de Oliveira Gozzo","doi":"10.5935/1518-0557.20230074","DOIUrl":"10.5935/1518-0557.20230074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This integrative review synthesizes the scientific evidence on fertility preservation counseling prior to oncological treatment for women of reproductive age diagnosed with cancer. Bibliographic research was conducted on databases PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science. The structured search strategy for the review question was \"counseling AND antineoplastic agents AND fertility preservation\". The use of controlled descriptors and keywords was adapted for each database. Study selection through the Rayyan platform was independent and blinded. The final sample comprised seven studies emphasizing the importance of clarifying factors related to the risk of infertility due to oncological treatment and fertility preservation techniques, such as success rate, pregnancy rate, cost, available options, and side-effects, as well as discussing the possibilities of adoption and surrogacy. This review provided evidence reinforcing the importance of counseling for fertility preservation, promoting motherhood for women who face oncological treatment. Organized networks linking oncology and reproductive medicine units are crucial to facilitate patient referral between these services and interprofessional communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":46364,"journal":{"name":"Jornal Brasileiro de Reproducao Assistida","volume":" ","pages":"489-496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11349270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140294911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Romualdo Sciorio, Luca Tramontano, Pier Francesco Greco, Ermanno Greco
{"title":"Morphological assessment of oocyte quality during assisted reproductive technology cycle.","authors":"Romualdo Sciorio, Luca Tramontano, Pier Francesco Greco, Ermanno Greco","doi":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240034","DOIUrl":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following the advancement of medically assisted reproduction (MAR) technology, and the rationale to extend the culture to the blastocyst stage, performing elective single embryo transfer (eSET), gamete quality and assessment have acquired large relevance in ART. Embryo quality is strictly correlated with gametes quality and culture conditions. Oocyte maturity assessment is therefore imperative for fertilization and embryo evolution. Mature oocytes at the metaphase II stage result in a higher fertilization rate compared to immature oocytes. Indeed, oocyte morphology evaluation represents an important and challenging task that may serve as a valuable prognostic tool for future embryo development and implantation potential. Different grading systems have been reported to assess human embryos, however, in many cases, it is still a major challenge to select the single embryo to transfer with the highest implantation potential. Further, eSET has conferred a challenge to embryologists, who must try to enhance embryo culture and selection to provide an adequate success rate, whilst reducing the overall number of embryos transferred. Above the standard morphological assessment, there are several invasive or non-invasive approaches for embryo selection such as preimplantation genetic testing, time-lapse technology, proteomics and metabolomics, as well as oxygen utilization and analysis of oxidative stress in culture medium. This short review is not designed to be a comprehensive review of all possible features that may influence oocyte quality. It does give, however, a brief overview and describes the prognostic value of the morphological characteristics of human oocytes on their developmental capacity following ART treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":46364,"journal":{"name":"Jornal Brasileiro de Reproducao Assistida","volume":" ","pages":"511-520"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11349268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141155596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of <i>Clinacanthus nutans</i> (Burm. F.) Leaf Extract on Sperm Quality and Antioxidant Activity in Male Mice Induced with Streptozotocin.","authors":"Samiaa Jamil Abdulwahid-Kurdi","doi":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240010","DOIUrl":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) is a medicinal herb that most people with diabetes have historically taken. It's a diet high in antioxidants, which are supposed to help people live longer and be healthier. It is the first study to suggest using C. nutans to enhance the quality of sperm in male mice given a streptozotocin (STZ) injection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty mice were divided into two groups at the age of four weeks: group one was fed a regular diet (n=10), while group two was administered a high-fat diet (n=50) for eight weeks to develop obesity. Obese mice were given 100mg/kg of STZ to produce hyperglycemia with a 20% mortality rate. Then, 40 hyperglycemic mice were separated into two groups: STZ (n=10) and sample (n=30). The treatment groups were administered a methanolic extract of C. nutans leaves by gavage at doses of 150, 300, and 500mg/kg of body weight (n=10) for 4 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In contrast to the STZ group, there was a substantial (p=0.001) drop in serum blood glucose and total sperm abnormalities in mice at varying doses. Catalase, glutathione s-transferase (GST), and total antioxidant capacity significantly (p=0.001) increased in the STZ mice group at varying doses, but malondialdehyde was reduced. In comparison to STZ mice, testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels improved in mice treated with extracts of C. nutans at various doses. For all of the following dependent variables, extraction of the leaf at higher concentrations of 500 milligrams/kilogram has better efficacy than 300 and 150 mg/kg after 4 weeks of treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The research and development of new natural agents to combat oxidative stress-related diseases have sparked a lot of interest. As a result, the potential leaf extract of C. nutans contains anti-hyperglycemic compounds and improves the quality of sperm in male mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":46364,"journal":{"name":"Jornal Brasileiro de Reproducao Assistida","volume":" ","pages":"382-391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11349258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140866959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beatriz Matos Anastácio, Paula Bruno Monteiro, Melissa Figueiredo Capelo
{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 on male reproductive health: a Systematic Review.","authors":"Beatriz Matos Anastácio, Paula Bruno Monteiro, Melissa Figueiredo Capelo","doi":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240028","DOIUrl":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic literature review aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 on male fertility.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>The study draws upon data extracted from PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>The review incorporates cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, and clinical trials, encompassing investigations related to the subject matter. The studies included were published between June 2020 and March 2023, and encompassed content in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. Exclusion criteria encompassed review articles, case reports, abstracts, studies involving animal models, duplicate articles, and letters to the editor.</p><p><strong>Data collection: </strong>Data extracted included the author's name and publication year, the number of patients studied, patient age, the presence of COVID-19 in semen, observed hormonal changes, and alterations in seminal quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While hormonal changes and a decline in seminal quality were observed in COVID-19 patients, the virus itself was not detected in semen in the analyzed articles, which contradicts certain findings in the existing literature. It is essential to note that methodologies in the studies were diverse, and, due to the novelty of this infection, it is premature to definitively ascertain its long-term effects on male fertility or whether fertility can recover after a period of convalescence. This underscores the necessity for further research, utilizing more robust methodologies such as cohort studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":46364,"journal":{"name":"Jornal Brasileiro de Reproducao Assistida","volume":" ","pages":"483-488"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11349263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140869421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vera Lucia Lângaro Amaral, Jhuly Laurentino Nunes, Rafael Alonso Salvador, Alfred Paul Senn, Tiago Góss Dos Santos
{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> culture of mechanically isolated murine primary follicles in the presence of human platelet lysate PLTMax.","authors":"Vera Lucia Lângaro Amaral, Jhuly Laurentino Nunes, Rafael Alonso Salvador, Alfred Paul Senn, Tiago Góss Dos Santos","doi":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240008","DOIUrl":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop a system for the culture of murine preantral ovarian follicles using Human Serum Albumin (HSA) and Human Platelet Lysate (PLTMax).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mechanically isolated preantral follicles (N=146) were obtained from Swiss mice and cultured in DMEM:F12 medium for ten days in a 96-well plate with conical bottom. The medium was supplemented with penicillin, streptomycin, and equine chorionic gonadotropin. Additional proteins were tested in 4 test groups: G1: human serum albumin (HSA), G2: human platelet lysate (PLTM), and G3 and G4: HSA + PLTMax at lower and higher concentrations, respectively. Cellular vitality and oocyte morphology were evaluated on day 11 of culture.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest follicular growth (3.4 fold) was achieved in HSA (G1), while a significantly lower (1.8 fold) growth was achieved in the presence of PLTM (G2, G4) and even further reduced (1.2 fold) when HSA and PLTM were combined (G3). Cellular vitality was close to 70-80% among the four groups, and the highest number of intact oocytes were found in G1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PLTM did not improve follicular development and oocyte maturation compared to HSA but preserved cell vitality.</p>","PeriodicalId":46364,"journal":{"name":"Jornal Brasileiro de Reproducao Assistida","volume":" ","pages":"410-417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11349267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140050594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prevalence of chronic endometritis in infertile women undergoing hysteroscopy and its association with intrauterine abnormalities: A Cross-Sectional study.","authors":"Sedigheh Hosseini, Hajar Abbasi, Saghar Salehpour, Nasrin Saharkhiz, Mitra Nemati","doi":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240011","DOIUrl":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chronic endometritis (CE) is an inflammatory condition with several different risk factors. We aimed to examine whether intrauterine abnormalities, such as endometrial polyps, submucosal myomas, intrauterine adhesions, or a septate uterus, were associated with an increased likelihood of developing chronic endometritis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 335 infertile women who underwent hysteroscopy surgery at the Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital Infertility Center, affiliated by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, in 2022. All participants in the study underwent hysteroscopic surgery, which allowed for direct visualization of the intrauterine cavity, and endometrial biopsies were taken for further analysis. To characterize endometritis, plasma cell infiltration was assessed. Patients with ≥5 plasma cells observed in 10 high-power fields were defined as having chronic endometritis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Endometritis was observed in 51.3% of the patients, totaling 172 individuals. Logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with endometrial polyps had 5.2 times higher odds of developing endometritis compared to patients without polyps (95% CI = 2.9, 9.2) (p-value <0.001). Similarly, patients with intrauterine adhesions had a significant increase in the odds of endometritis (OR = 4.6, 95% CI = 2.1, 10.1) (p-value <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Treatment or removal of endometrial abnormalities through hysteroscopic procedures may help to reduce the risk of chronic endometritis and improve fertility outcomes. Further research is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":46364,"journal":{"name":"Jornal Brasileiro de Reproducao Assistida","volume":" ","pages":"430-434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11349266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140307312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sedighe Esmaeilzadeh, Omid Jazayeri, Mir Mohammad Reza Aghajani, Shima Soleimani Amiri, Masoumeh GolsorkhtabarAmiri, Maryam Abdolahzade Delavar, Parvaneh Mirabi
{"title":"Paternal thrombophilia and recurrent implantation failure: an exploratory case-control study.","authors":"Sedighe Esmaeilzadeh, Omid Jazayeri, Mir Mohammad Reza Aghajani, Shima Soleimani Amiri, Masoumeh GolsorkhtabarAmiri, Maryam Abdolahzade Delavar, Parvaneh Mirabi","doi":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240026","DOIUrl":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Many pieces of literature have reported that inherited and acquired thrombophilia might be a risk factor for recurrent implantation failure (RIF), however, most studies have only focused on RIF patients and not their male partners. We studied the possible association of paternal thrombophilia with RIF risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-two male partners aged 20-45 suffered from RIF compared with 42 males from couples with at least one successful pregnancy. All participants were investigated for thrombophilia markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of coagulation Factor V activity was significantly higher in the case group (42.9%) than in the control group (16.7%) (p=0.008) (OR=3.75; 95% CI, 1.38, 10.12). The prevalence of protein C and protein S deficiencies in RIF patients were 4.8% and 2.4%, respectively, and 0% in the controls. The prevalence of antithrombin III (ATIII) deficiency was significantly higher in the case group (19%) than in the control group (2.4%) (p=0.01). None of MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C were statistically significant between the two groups. Combined thrombophilia was 45.2% in the men of the RIF group when compared with the control, 14.2% (p=0.001) (OR = 4.95; 95% CI, 1.75-13.86).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Paternal thrombophilia may be related to recurrent implantation failure, so evaluation of this factor in RIF patients could be used to identify relevant risk groups and may help in the proper management of these cases to enhance the chance of implantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":46364,"journal":{"name":"Jornal Brasileiro de Reproducao Assistida","volume":" ","pages":"435-441"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11349253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140869713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RETRACTION NOTE TO: Effect of Intra Uterine Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor vs. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin at Ovum Pick-Up Day on Pregnancy Rate in IVF/ICSI Cases With Recurrent Implantation Failure.","authors":"Haitham Torky, El-Sayed El-Desouky, Ashraf El-Baz, Rania Aly, Osama El-Taher, Atef Shata, Ahmed Hussein, Heba Marie, Osama Deif, Ahmed Eldemery, Ashraf Abo-Louz","doi":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240059","DOIUrl":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Editorial Board has retracted this article. After publication, concerns were raised about this study's reported data. We reached out to the authors to request their raw data, but they could not provide. Therefore, the Editorial Board no longer has confidence in the results presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":46364,"journal":{"name":"Jornal Brasileiro de Reproducao Assistida","volume":"28 3","pages":"526"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11349259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gender differences in behaviors toward acceptance of donor egg, sperm, and embryo in Northern Thai infertile couples.","authors":"Kanyapat Taechapeti, Sorawit Piriyasakmontri, Supitchaya Phatai, Tanyaporn Maraka, Usanee Sanmee","doi":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/1518-0557.20240042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine the behavior towards the acceptance of donor egg, donor sperm, and donor embryo of Northern Thai infertile couples, separated between men and women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted at the CMEx Fertility Center, Chiang Mai, Thailand. The questionnaires consisted of sociodemographic questions and the acceptance of couples toward donor egg, sperm and embryo. The couples filled in the answers separately.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 250 infertile couples were assessed. There were no differences in the acceptance rate of donor egg, sperm and embryo between the men and the women. Male acceptance rates were 25.6%, 18.8%, and 18.8%, respectively; while female acceptance rates were 24.4%, 18.4%, and 19.2%, respectively. Most couples (over 70%) concordantly rejected the donation program. Around 10% of couples had discordant answers. The concordance accepted for couples for donor egg, sperm and embryo was only 20%, 13.2%, and 14.8%. Older people and those who had been infertile for a longer period were significantly more likely to accept donation programs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is no difference concerning the acceptance of donor gametes and embryo among men and women. Most participants reject the utilization of donor programs, the overall acceptance rate is relatively low. This may indicate the need for more adequate information and education for the community to enhance prevention programs rather than focus on the treatment with donor gametes or embryos.</p>","PeriodicalId":46364,"journal":{"name":"Jornal Brasileiro de Reproducao Assistida","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}