Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics最新文献_第9页

Syllable weight, vowel length and focus in Lebanese Arabic 黎巴嫩阿拉伯语的音节重量，元音长度和焦点

IF 1 2区文学

Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-11-06 DOI: 10.16995/glossa.5727

Niamh E. Kelly

{"title":"Syllable weight, vowel length and focus in Lebanese Arabic","authors":"Niamh E. Kelly","doi":"10.16995/glossa.5727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.5727","url":null,"abstract":"Research on a variety of languages has shown that vowel duration is influenced by phonological vowel length as well as syllable structure (e.g., Maddieson, 1997). Further, the phonological concept of a mora has been shown to relate to phonetic measurements of duration (Cohn, 2003; Hubbard, 1993; Port, Dalby, & O'Dell, 1987). In Levantine Arabic, non-final closed syllables that contain a long vowel have been described as partaking in mora-sharing (Broselow, Chen, & Huffman, 1997; Khattab & Al-Tamimi, 2014). The current investigation examines the effect of vowel length and syllable structure on vowel duration, as well as how this interacts with durational effects of prosodic focus. Disyllabic words with initial, stressed syllables that were either open or closed and contained either a long or a short vowel wereexamined when non-focused and in contrastive focus. Contrastive focus was associated with longer words and syllables but not vowels. Short vowels were shorter when in a syllable closed by a singleton but not by a geminate consonant, while long vowels were not shortened before coda singletons. An analysis is proposed whereby long vowels followed by an intervocalic consonant cluster are parsed as open syllables, with the first consonant forming a semisyllable (Kiparsky, 2003), while long vowels followed by geminate consonants partake in mora-sharing (Broselow, Huffman, Chen, & Hsieh, 1995). The results also indicate compensatory shortening for short vowels followed by a singleton coda.","PeriodicalId":46319,"journal":{"name":"Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83326576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immobile wh-phrases in Tagalog 他加禄语中不动的h-词组

IF 1 2区文学

Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-11-04 DOI: 10.16995/glossa.5762

N. Richards

引用次数: 1

Intervention effects in clefts: a study in quantitative computational syntax 裂隙中的干预效应:定量计算语法的研究

IF 1 2区文学

Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.16995/glossa.5742

Giuseppe Samo, Paola Merlo

{"title":"Intervention effects in clefts: a study in quantitative computational syntax","authors":"Giuseppe Samo, Paola Merlo","doi":"10.16995/glossa.5742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.5742","url":null,"abstract":"Clefts structures show an important asymmetry in interpretation: subject clefts can provide both\u0000corrective or new information foci, while non-subjects (objects, adjuncts) are only corrective.\u0000According to Belletti (2015), such an asymmetry arises from the fact that movement deriving\u0000subject clefts can target two focus positions, but non-subjects can target only one. In both\u0000cases a long-distance dependency is created, triggering locality effects. In this paper, we\u0000show that intervention effects causing ungrammaticality in certain configurations give rise to\u0000lower-than-expected frequencies in corresponding grammatical configurations. Based on sets of\u0000features that play a role in the syntactic computation of locality, we compare the theoretically\u0000expected and the actually observed counts of features in a corpus of thirteen syntactically\u0000annotated treebanks for three languages (English, French, Italian). We find the quantitative\u0000effects predicted by the theory of intervention locality. First, subject clefts, where no intervention\u0000is at play, are more frequent than object clefts, where intervention is at play. Secondly, object\u0000clefts are less frequent than expected in intervention configuration, while subject clefts are\u0000roughly as frequent as expected. Finally, we also find that the differential and direction of\u0000difference between expected and observed counts is directly proportional to the number of\u0000features that establish the intervention, the strength of the intervention. These results provide\u0000a three-fold contribution. First, they extend the empirical evidence in favour of the intervention\u0000theory of locality. Second, they provide theory-driven quantitative evidence, thus extending in a\u0000novel way the sources of evidence used to adjudicate theories. Finally, the paper provides a\u0000blueprint for future theory-driven quantitative investigations.","PeriodicalId":46319,"journal":{"name":"Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88088321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparing MaxEnt and Noisy Harmonic Grammar MaxEnt和Noisy Harmonic语法的比较

IF 1 2区文学

Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-10-30 DOI: 10.16995/glossa.5775

Edward Flemming

引用次数: 4

Growing trees: The acquisition of the left periphery 树木生长:左侧外围的获得

IF 1 2区文学

Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-10-26 DOI: 10.16995/glossa.5877

N. Friedmann, A. Belletti, L. Rizzi

{"title":"Growing trees: The acquisition of the left periphery","authors":"N. Friedmann, A. Belletti, L. Rizzi","doi":"10.16995/glossa.5877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.5877","url":null,"abstract":"We suggest here a Growing Trees approach for the description of the acquisition of various syntactic structures in Hebrew, based on the main results reported in Friedmann and Reznick (this volume) and on our own research on a corpus of natural productions. The heart of our account is that stages of acquisition follow the geometry of the syntactic tree, along the lines of the cartographic analysis of the clause, with early stages of acquisition corresponding to small portions of the adult syntactic tree, which keeps growing with the growth of the child. The lower parts of the tree are acquired first, and higher parts are acquired later. We propose three stages of acquisition connected to the development of functional layers of the syntactic tree. In the first stage, the IP is acquired, including the lexical and inflectional layers. This allows for the appearance of A-movement structures, including SV/VS alternations with unaccusative verbs, alongside SV sentences with unergative/transitive verbs. The second stage involves the acquisition of the lower part of the left periphery, up to QP, which allows for the acquisition of subject and object Wh questions, some adjunct questions, yes/no questions, and sentence-initial adverbs. In the third stage, the rich structure of the left periphery is completely acquired, including the higher CP field. This is the stage in which sentential embedding (of finite declarative and interrogative clauses), subject and object relative clauses, why questions, and topicalization appear. A further, different type of stage, which occurs on the already-grown tree and which is independent of structure building, is the acquisition of intervention configurations, allowing for the mastery of structures involving movement of a lexically-restricted object across an intervening lexically-restricted subject. The paper illustrates the fruitful dialogue between the science of syntax acquisition and the cartography of syntactic structures.","PeriodicalId":46319,"journal":{"name":"Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72523036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 28

Towards a complete Logical Phonology model of intrasegmental changes 迈向一个完整的音段内变化的逻辑音系模型

IF 1 2区文学

Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-10-26 DOI: 10.16995/glossa.5886

C. Reiss

引用次数: 1

Unpacking the blocking effect: Syntactic prominence and perspective-taking in antecedent retrieval in Mandarin Chinese 解封挡效应:汉语先行词检索中的句法突出与换位思考

IF 1 2区文学

Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-10-23 DOI: 10.16995/glossa.5781

Jun-Hyun Lyu, E. Kaiser

{"title":"Unpacking the blocking effect: Syntactic prominence and perspective-taking in antecedent retrieval in Mandarin Chinese","authors":"Jun-Hyun Lyu, E. Kaiser","doi":"10.16995/glossa.5781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.5781","url":null,"abstract":"In the linguistics literature, it is generally accepted that the non-local use of the bare reflexive ziji in Mandarin Chinese is sensitive to perspective centers. The introduction of a local first-person pronoun encoding the comprehender’s perspective is assumed to block non-local binding (i.e. make it unavailable), a phenomenon called the blocking effect. However, it is not yet clear whether the blocking effect is absolute, nor whether the syntactic prominence of the blocking pronoun influences the strength of blocking. In this study, we report two sets of offline and online experiments to examine the blocking effect associated with ziji. By comparing the forced choice judgment results in Experiments 1 and 2, we find that syntactically prominent subject blockers lead to stronger blocking compared to object blockers, and that the strength of the blocking effect can be modulated by verb semantics. Furthermore, only subject blockers caused blocking during incremental real-time processing while object blockers did not. The results of these experiments have implications for both the linguistic formulation of the blocking effect and for sentence processing models.","PeriodicalId":46319,"journal":{"name":"Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87180571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Perspectival factors and pro-drop: A corpus study of speaker/addressee pronouns with creer ‘think/ believe’ and saber ‘know’ in spoken Spanish 视角因素与亲降:西班牙语口语中带有“认为/相信”和“知道”的说话/收件人代词的语料库研究

IF 1 2区文学

Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.16995/glossa.5873

Peter Herbeck

{"title":"Perspectival factors and pro-drop: A corpus study of speaker/addressee pronouns with creer ‘think/ believe’ and saber ‘know’ in spoken Spanish","authors":"Peter Herbeck","doi":"10.16995/glossa.5873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.5873","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines overt and covert speaker/addressee pronouns with the cognitive verbs creer ‘think/believe’ and saber ‘know’ in a corpus of spoken peninsular Spanish – the Madrid and Alcalá samples of PRESEEA (2014– ) – with a focus on 1st person singular (yo) creo que ‘(I) think that’. Departing from the observation made in the literature that overt pronouns are highly frequent with creer and that topic shift cannot account for all of them, it will be argued that perspectival factors related to evidentiality/epistemicity and subjectivity influence overt pronoun realization. A corpus study was conducted to investigate whether (i) [person] and [polarity] and (ii) the type of complement affect overt pronoun realization with the cognitive verbs creer and saber. The results indicate that the type of belief expressed in the embedded clause should be taken into account, as well as person and polarity. The ultimate trigger for phonetic realization of speaker/addressee pronouns will be argued to be the notion of contrast: cognitive verbs whose embedded complement encodes evaluations and non-visual, abstract information have high frequencies of overt pronoun realization because these contexts favor the evoking of alternative perspective holders. Overt pronouns will be analyzed as the result of a [+contrast] feature which is assigned to the specifier of a functional category encoding perspective in the split IP.","PeriodicalId":46319,"journal":{"name":"Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79085017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Timelines and Temporal Pointing in Chinese Sign Language 中国手语的时间线和时间指向

IF 1 2区文学

Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-10-07 DOI: 10.16995/glossa.5836

Hao Lin, J. Kuhn, Huan Sheng, Philippe Schlenker

引用次数: 0

Formal variation in the Kata Kolok lexicon Kata Kolok词汇的正式变体

IF 1 2区文学

Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-10-07 DOI: 10.16995/glossa.5880

H. Lutzenberger, Connie de Vos, O. Crasborn, P. Fikkert

{"title":"Formal variation in the Kata Kolok lexicon","authors":"H. Lutzenberger, Connie de Vos, O. Crasborn, P. Fikkert","doi":"10.16995/glossa.5880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.5880","url":null,"abstract":"Sign language lexicons incorporate phonological specifications. Evidence from emerging sign languages suggests that phonological structure emerges gradually in a new language. In this study, we investigate variation in the form of signs across 20 deaf adult signers of Kata Kolok, a sign language that emerged spontaneously in a Balinese village community. Combining methods previously used for sign comparisons, we introduce a new numeric measure of variation. Our nuanced yet comprehensive approach to form variation integrates three levels (iconic motivation, surface realisation, feature differences) and allows for refinement through weighting the variation score by token and signer frequency. We demonstrate that variation in the form of signs appears in different degrees at different levels. Token frequency in a given dataset greatly affects how much variation can surface, suggesting caution in interpreting previous findings. Different sign variants have different scopes of use among the signing population, with some more widely used than others. Both frequency weightings (token and signer) identify dominant sign variants, i.e., sign forms that are produced frequently or by many signers. We argue that variation does not equal the absence of conventionalisation. Indeed, especially in micro-community sign languages, variation may be key to understanding patterns of language emergence.Appendices: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/FN4XE","PeriodicalId":46319,"journal":{"name":"Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90819590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7