Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics最新文献_第8页

Bilinguals have a single computational system but two compartmentalized phonological grammars: Evidence from code-switching 双语者有一个单一的计算系统，但有两个分开的语音语法:来自代码转换的证据

IF 1 2区文学

Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-12-02 DOI: 10.16995/glossa.5800

L. Gosselin

{"title":"Bilinguals have a single computational system but two compartmentalized phonological grammars: Evidence from code-switching","authors":"L. Gosselin","doi":"10.16995/glossa.5800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.5800","url":null,"abstract":"Classic linguistic models, such as Chomsky’s minimalist schematization of the human language faculty, were typically based on a ‘monolingual ideal’. More recently, models have been extended to bilingual cognition. For instance, MacSwan (2000) posited that bilinguals possess a single syntactic computational system and, crucially, two (or more) phonological grammars. The current paper examines this possible architecture of the bilingual language faculty by using code-switching data, since this type of speech is unique to bilingual and multilingual individuals. Specifically, the natural speech Maria, a habitual Spanish-English code-switcher from the Bangor Miami Corpus, was examined. For the interface of phonology, an analysis was completed on the frequency of syllabic structures used by Maria. Phonotactics were examined as Spanish and English impose differential restrictions on complex onsets and codas. The results indicated that Maria’s language of use impacted the phonotactics of her speech, but that the context of use (unilingual or code-switched) did not. This suggests that Maria was alternating between two independent phonological grammars when she was code-switching. For the interface of morphosyntax, syntactic dependencies within Maria’s code-switched speech and past literature were consulted. The evidence illustrates that syntactic dependencies are indeed established within code-switched sentences, indicating that such constructions are derived from a single syntactic subset. Thus, the quantitative and qualitative results from this paper wholly support MacSwan’s original conjectures regarding the bilingual language faculty: bilingual cognition appears to be composed of a single computational system which builds multi-language syntactic structures, and more than one phonological grammar.","PeriodicalId":46319,"journal":{"name":"Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81914197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Same: structural sources of anaphora and relativization 同样:回指和相对化的结构来源

IF 1 2区文学

Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.16995/glossa.5811

Emily A. Hanink

引用次数: 0

An alternatives account of 'most’ and 'more than half’ “most”和“more half”的替代说法

IF 1 2区文学

Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.16995/glossa.5764

Fausto Carcassi, Jakub Szymanik

引用次数: 3

On the synchrony, variation and diachrony of adverbial exceptive clauses in Polish 论波兰语状语例外从句的共时性、变型和历时性

IF 1 2区文学

Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.16995/glossa.5694

Łukasz Jędrzejowski

引用次数: 1

An experimental reassessment of complex NP islands with NP-scrambling in Japanese 日本复杂NP岛与NP-争先恐后的实验再评估

IF 1 2区文学

Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.16995/glossa.5737

Shin-ichi Fukuda, Nozomi Tanaka, Hajime Ono, Jon Sprouse

{"title":"An experimental reassessment of complex NP islands with NP-scrambling in Japanese","authors":"Shin-ichi Fukuda, Nozomi Tanaka, Hajime Ono, Jon Sprouse","doi":"10.16995/glossa.5737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.5737","url":null,"abstract":"There is little consensus in the Japanese syntax literature on the question of whether complex NPs with a complement clause headed by to yuu ‘that say’ are islands for NP-scrambling dependencies. To explore this question, we conducted two acceptability judgment experiments using the factorial definition of islands to test the island status of noun complements, relative clauses (which are complex NPs, but uniformly considered islands in the literature), and coordinated NP structures (which are also uniformly considered islands in the literature). Our first experiment yielded clear evidence that relative clauses and coordinated NPs are islands, and that noun complements are not. Our second experiment replicated the relative clause and coordinated NP results, but yielded an inconclusive null result for noun complements. Taken together, our results suggest either that noun complements are not islands, or that noun complements yield a small island effect that cannot be reliably detected at the typical sample sizes of 30-40 participants used here. We also investigated between- and within-participant variability in our results. We observe no evidence of increased between-participant variability for noun complements relative to other islands, and no increase of within-participant variability for noun complements relative to grammatical NP-scrambling, thus corroborating our conclusions. Our results have consequences for a number of issues that have been encoded in current syntactic theories of island effects, including the correlation between syntactic constituent complexity and island status (e.g., number of bounding nodes or phase heads), and the correlation between complementizer deletion and island status (e.g., the complement/adjunct distinction).","PeriodicalId":46319,"journal":{"name":"Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84944207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The interpretative options of anaphoric complex demonstratives 回指复合指示语的解释选择

IF 1 2区文学

Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-11-25 DOI: 10.16995/glossa.5700

S. Hinterwimmer, Umesh Patil

{"title":"The interpretative options of anaphoric complex demonstratives","authors":"S. Hinterwimmer, Umesh Patil","doi":"10.16995/glossa.5700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.5700","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present experimental evidence from a ‘yes’/’no’ judgement task and twoacceptability rating studies (Experiments 1a-c) for the claim made in Hinterwimmer (2019) thatsentences with two anaphorically interpreted complex demonstratives are less acceptable thansentences with two anaphorically interpreted definite descriptions and sentences where one ofthe two previously introduced referents is picked up by a complex demonstrative, while the otherone is picked up by a definite description. The results of Experiment 1a and 1b are in principlecompatible with the account argued for in Hinterwimmer (2019), according to which the (potentiallyabstract) demonstrations presupposed by demonstratives may not have overlapping trajectories.However, sentences with two anaphorically interpreted complex demonstratives are not judgedas unacceptable as would be expected if they involved a presupposition violation. Therefore, wepropose an alternative, economy-based pragmatic account that builds on Ahn (2019) and Nowak(2019). The question of whether the observed pattern is more compatible with the accountproposed by Hinterwimmer (2019) or the alternative pragmatic account is directly addressed in afurther acceptability rating study (Experiment 1c). The design of that study is similar to that ofExperiment 1b, but it includes as fillers both sentences clearly violating a presupposition andsentences violating a pragmatic constraint. Since the ratings for sentences containing twoanaphorically interpreted complex demonstratives are closer to the ratings for sentences violatinga pragmatic constraint than for sentences violating a presupposition, we conclude that thealternative pragmatic account is preferable to the account by Hinterwimmer (2019).","PeriodicalId":46319,"journal":{"name":"Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80747900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Title Pending 8211 未决所有权8211

IF 1 2区文学

Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.16995/glossa.8211

{"title":"Title Pending 8211","authors":"","doi":"10.16995/glossa.8211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.8211","url":null,"abstract":"One proposed mechanism of language change concerns the role played by second-language (L2) learners in situations of language contact. If sufficiently many L2 speakers are present in a speech community in relation to the number of first-language (L1) speakers, then those features which present a difficulty in L2 acquisition may be prone to disappearing from the language. This paper presents a mathematical account of such contact situations based on a stochastic model of learning and nonlinear population dynamics. The equilibria of a deterministic reduction of the model, describing a mixed population of L1 and L2 speakers, are fully characterized. Whether or not the language changes in response to the introduction of L2 learners turns out to depend on three factors: the overall proportion of L2 learners in the population, the strength of the difficulty speakers face in acquiring the language as an L2, and the language-internal utilities of the competing linguistic variants. These factors are related by a mathematical formula describing a phase transition from retention of the L2-difficult feature to its loss from both speaker populations. This supplies predictions that can be tested against empirical data. Here, the model is evaluated with the help of two case studies, morphological levelling in Afrikaans and the erosion of null subjects in Afro-Peruvian Spanish; the model is found to be broadly in agreement with the historical development in both cases.","PeriodicalId":46319,"journal":{"name":"Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics","volume":"IA-15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84593845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Credit Problem in parametric stress: A probabilistic approach 参数应力下的信用问题:一种概率方法

IF 1 2区文学

Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.16995/glossa.5884

A. Nazarov, G. Jarosz

{"title":"The Credit Problem in parametric stress: A probabilistic approach","authors":"A. Nazarov, G. Jarosz","doi":"10.16995/glossa.5884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.5884","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we introduce a novel domain-general, statistical learning model for P&P grammars: the Expectation Driven Parameter Learner (EDPL). We show that the EDPL provides a mathematically principled solution to the Credit Problem (Dresher 1999). We present the first systematic tests of the EDPL and an existing and closely related model, the Naïve Parameter Learner (NPL), on a full stress typology, the one generated by Dresher & Kaye’s (1990) stress parameter framework. This framework has figured prominently in the debate about the necessity of domain-specific mechanisms for learning of parametric stress. The essential difference between the two learning models is that the EDPL incorporates a mechanism that directly tackles the Credit Problem, while the NPL does not. We find that the NPL fails to cope with the ambiguity of this stress system both in terms of learning success and data complexity, while the EDPL performs well on both metrics. Based on these results, we argue that probabilistic inference provides a viable domain-general approach to parametric stress learning, but only when learning involves an inferential process that directly addresses the Credit Problem. We also present in-depth analyses of the learning outcomes, showing how learning outcomes depend crucially on the structural ambiguities posited by a particular phonological theory, and how these learning difficulties correspond to typological gaps.","PeriodicalId":46319,"journal":{"name":"Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72533765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The acquisition of adverbs in trilingual children: does transfer play any role? 三语儿童副词习得:迁移是否起作用?

IF 1 2区文学

Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.16995/glossa.5721

M. Pîrvulescu, Virginia Hill, Nadia Nacif, Rena Helms-Park, M. Petrescu

引用次数: 1

Not all diatheses are created equal: Evidence from semantic drifts 并非所有的素质都是平等的:来自语义漂移的证据

IF 1 2区文学

Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics Pub Date : 2021-11-15 DOI: 10.16995/glossa.5814

Noa Brandel

{"title":"Not all diatheses are created equal: Evidence from semantic drifts","authors":"Noa Brandel","doi":"10.16995/glossa.5814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/glossa.5814","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the distribution of Modern Hebrew semantic drifts across four diatheses (voices): transitives, unaccusatives (anticausatives), adjectival (stative) passives, and verbal (eventive) passives. A quantitative survey of dictionaries reveals a discrepancy between these diatheses: Only transitives, unaccusatives, and adjectival passives can give rise to unique semantic drifts, unshared with their related root counterparts, while verbal passives cannot. A corpus-based study shows that frequency is unable to account for this finding; nor can approaches demarcating a syntactic domain for special meanings. I argue that semantic drifts are stored as subentries of the entries from which they evolved, as long as the drift’s frequency remains comparably small. Once its frequency surpasses that of the original entry, the drift is stored as an independent lexical entry. In light of that, I suggest that predicates giving rise to unique semantic drifts have to constitute lexical entries. It thus follows that transitives, unaccusatives, and adjectival passives are formed and listed in the lexicon, while verbal passives are not. Consequently, the lexicon is argued to function as an active (operational) component of the grammar, contra syntacticocentric approaches.","PeriodicalId":46319,"journal":{"name":"Glossa-A Journal of General Linguistics","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91112087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0